In order to accelerate the breeding of pink-tomato varieties,a rapid breeding strategy was used to generate pink-fruited tomato material by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing of SlMYB12.Two adjacent target sites within the first exon of SlMYB12 were selected to construct the CRISPR/Cas9 binary vector, and then the vector was introduced into red-fruited inbred line R18-10C through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The homozygous mutants without exogenous Cas9 were screened using specific primers and their agronomic traits and fruit nutritional quality were analyzed. Sequencing results showed that three homozygous mutants of different mutation types were obtained and all of which were frame shift mutations caused by base deletion. Compared with wild-type red fruit tomatoes, SlMYB12-edited plants grew and developed normally,and there were no significant difference in plant height,single-fruit weight,total yield per plant,fruit total soluble solid content and lycopene level,but the mature fruit showed pink and the flavonoid naringenin chalcone(NarCh)content of tomato peels was significantly reduced in MYB12-edited plants.In summary,the procedure for the generation of pink-fruited tomato plants through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of SlMYB12 was set up and new pink-fruited tomato germplasms with stable inheritance were obtained.

Bioinformatics and expression patterns of Dicer-like(DCL),Argonaute(AGO)and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RDR)gene families in the whole genome of Solanum habrochaites were analyzed,so as to provide references for further study on the functions of DCL,AGO and RDR gene families in the response of S.habrochaites to abiotic and viral infection.Using Arabidopsis thaliana DCL,AGO and RDR genes as reference sequences,the genome of S.habrochaites LA1777 was searched by local perl language and software such as Pfam and SMART,and the members of ShDCL,ShAGO and ShRDR gene families were determined.Bioinformatics analysis of DCL,AGO and RDR family genes in S.habrochaites was carried out by means of ExPASy,GSDS 2.0,MEGA,Tbtools and SWISS-MODEL.According to abiotic stress treatment,Tomato chlorosis virus(ToCV)treatment and Real-time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR technology,the expression patterns of these genes were analyzed.Seven ShDCL,15 ShAGO and 6 ShRDR genes were identified from S.habrochaites,which were distributed on chromosome 5,7 and 6 respectively.The encoded proteins were similar in structure to DCL,AGO and RDR in other plants,and all of them contained conserved domains unique to this family.Phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes were divided into 4 subgroups,and there were high structural and functional similarities between S.habrochaites and S.lycopersicum.ShDCL2a,ShDCL2c,ShDCL3,ShDCL4,ShAGO1b,ShAGO3,ShAGO4b,ShAGO5,ShAGO7,ShAGO10a,ShAGO10b,ShRDR1,ShRDR2,ShRDR3a,ShRDR6a and ShRDR6b were significantly up-regulated after various abiotic stresses and ToCV infection.It is speculated that these genes play important roles in abiotic stress and virus infection.

This study systematically investigates the effects of silicon-modified biochar (MSC) on the chemical properties of acidic soil,organic carbon and silicon fractions,and the growth of tomato plants.Silicon-modified biochar was prepared,with a focus on investigating its impacts on carbon and silicon chemical fractions,and the availability in acidic soils;tomato growth and soil microbial activity were also evaluated.The results showed that silicon-modified biochar significantly increased soil pH,cation exchange capacity,electrical conductivity,available phosphorus and potassium.MSC also raised the levels of water-soluble sodium and iron in the soil and enhanced the activities of hydrogen peroxidase and sucrase enzymes,thereby improving soil quality.Both biochar modification and unmodified biochar significantly increased the content of different carbon fractions in the soil.Compared with unmodified biochar,silicon-modified biochar significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon(21.9%) and water-soluble organic carbon (898.3%).Furthermore,silicon-modified biochar significantly increased the contents of soil available silicon,water-soluble silicon,free silicon,active silicon,iron-manganese-bound silicon and amorphous silicon by 362.6%,158.9%,18.1%,34.9%,193.8%,and 74.1%,respectively.Meanwhile,the application of biochar promoted the growth of tomato plants and the absorption of silicon nutrients,with modified biochar showing more pronounced effects.The accumulation of plant dry matter,silicon content,and absorption rate increased by 82.0%,98.9%,and 261.5%,respectively.In summary,silicon-modified biochar significantly affected the carbon and silicon chemical forms and transformation in the soil,increased soil effectiveness and enzyme activity,thereby promoting nutrient absorption and growth of crops,demonstrating its good potential application in agricultural production.

Abstract:To explore the effects of phosphorus fertilizer reduction ratio and phosphorus fertilizer management method on tomato yield,phosphorus utilization rate and soil fertility level under simultaneous reduction of chemical fertilizer nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in high fertilizer application areas,an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located in Dingxing County,Hebei Province.Overwintered long-season tomato was chosen as the experimental plant.Treatments included CF(N-P₂O₅-K₂O,1 009.5-774.0-1 458.0 kg/ha),P1(N-P₂O₅-K₂O,750.0-375.0-1 125.0 kg/ha),PB2(N-P₂O₅-K₂O,750.0-225.0-1 125.0 kg/ha),PT2(N-P₂O₅-K₂O,750.0-225.0-1 125.0 kg/ha),P3(N-P₂O₅-K₂O,750.0-75.0-1 125.0 kg/ha)and P4(N-P₂O₅-K₂O,750.0-0.0-1 125.0 kg/ha).Fertilizer phosphorus was applied basally in the PB2 treatment,and the other fertilizer-reduced treatment fertilizer phosphorus was applied in a "Basal dressing and topdressing" method.The result showed that compared to CF,tomato yield of PT2 treatment over the three-year period revealed an average increase of 12.0%,with the highest increase.After three years of fertilizer reduction,the root dry weight of P1,PB2 and PT2 significantly increased,along with improvements in the chemical phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate,phosphorus fertilizer agronomic utilization rate,and the chemical phosphorus fertilizer harvest index.Compared to CF,PT2 treatment resulted in an increase in root shoot ratio of 48.2%, phosphorus fertilizer recovery rate and phosphorus fertilizer harvest index increased by an average of 32.9 and 2.7 percent points, phosphorus fertilizer agronomic utilization rate was 9.02 times higher than that of CF.PT2 treatment was the highest among all fertilizer reduction treatments.Compared to the CF treatment,soil $NO_3^{-}$-N,Available P and Available K contents were reduced by an average of 8.2%—14.9%,4.4%—19.9%,and 7.3%—24.8%,respectively,over the three-year period.In conclusion,a 35.2% reduction in chemical fertilizer,which included a 70.9% decrease in chemical phosphorus fertilizer,did not have a negative impact on yield in greenhouses with excessive fertilizer use.Additionally,the combination of "Basal dressing and topdressing" method for phosphate management enhances tomato yield in comparison to basal dressing alone.This method also reduces available phosphorus content and increases the efficiency of chemical phosphorus fertilizer utilization.

In order to determine whether Tomato brown rugose fruit virus(ToBRFV)occurs in Zhangjiakou and Yinchuan tomato producing areas,and to explore the genetic information and evolution of ToBRFV,so as to provide an important scientific basis for the diagnosis and control of ToBRFV and the genetic engineering of tomato resistance to viral diseases.Molecular detection was carried out in Zhangjiakou and Yinchuan suspected diseased fruits,and sequence analysis and genome-wide phylogenetic analysis of the virus gene were carried out by relevant molecular biology software.The results showed that the genome structure similarity between the virus isolates from Zhangjiakou and Yinchuan fruit was more than 99% similar to most of the ToBRFV isolates in GenBank,and the tomato fruit virus in the two places was determined to be ToBRFV.ToBRFV isolates were highly regional,and ToBRFV viruses from different regions of China were associated with many countries and regions from Europe and Asia,and the Zhangjiakou isolate was most closely related to the Chinese isolate(MT018320.1),and the Yinchuan isolate was clustered with the Peruvian isolate,indicating that the Yinchuan isolate may have originated from South America.The similarity of the four ORF amino acids of the Zhangjiakou isolate from China(MT018320.1)was the highest,while the similarity between the Yinchuan isolate and the Zhangjiakou isolate was low.In addition,this study found for the first time that the 444th base of the Yinchuan isolate CP protein changed from A to G,resulting in a meaningful mutation of the 131st amino acid of the CP protein from V(valine)to A(alanine).In summary,ToBRFV disease occurred in Zhangjiakou and Yinchuan tomato producing areas,and the virus came from different places in the two regions.

In order to explore the effects of different concentration of exogenous GABA on tomato seedlings dry matter accumulation,root development,antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics under high temperature stress,the tomato variety Fenteli was selected as the test material,and five treatments,including spraying distilled water (CK),1 mmol/L GABA(T1),5 mmol/L GABA(T2),10 mmol/L GABA(T3)and 20 mmol/L GABA (T4),were set up in this study. Spraying once every two days for two consecutive times. After spraying,the seedlings were exposed to high temperature stress at 40 ℃/35 ℃ (day/night),14 h (light)/10 h (dark)with light intensity of 250 μmol/(m²·s)for 7 days. The results showed that compared with CK,spraying GABA with the concentration of 10 mmol/L or less (T1,T2 and T3)significantly promoted the growth of tomato seedlings,and the plant height,stem thickness,aboveground dry weight and seedling index increased by 4.96%—6.92%,7.65%—19.26%,29.41%—52.94%,20.00%—26.67%,respectively. Noteworthy,compared with CK,T2 treatment significantly increased the total root length,total surface area,total volume and tip numbers of root system by 23.04%,13.95%,11.76% and 18.30%,respectively. Moreover,compared with CK,T2 treatment not only increased the leaves activities of SOD,POD and CAT in (increasing by 22.58%,51.73% and 148.80% respectively),but also decreased the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content (decreasing by 12.84% and 21.89%),and thus significantly increasing the photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves (increasing by 81.38%,36.19% and 41.26% respectively)by ensuring the integrity of the cell membrane structure and function of leaves. However,there were no significance differences for the dry matter accumulation,photosynthetic characteristics and relative conductivity of tomato seedlings under T4 and CK treatments,and even the former inhibited the root development. In a word,our study demonstrated that foliar spraying with an appropriate GABA concentration could alleviate the inhibition of photosynthesis under high temperature stress through protecting the integrity of leaf cell membrane by improving capacity of leaf osmotic adjustment and antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally,spraying GABA could also improve the heat tolerance of tomato seedlings by promoting dry matter accumulation and root development. The effect of GABA with 5 mmol/L was the best in this study.

Using tomato as experimental material and using sand cultivation method,the effects of exogenous addition of potassium humate and amino acid fertilizer on the metabolic pathway,plant biomass,nutrient uptake,yield and quality index of tomato at seedling stage were explored.The experimental results showed that:the root growth of tomato increased by 118% and 13% at the seedling stage and flowering and fruiting stage under potassium humate treatment,and the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium carrying in the stem increased significantly by 31%,45% and 26%.The amount of phosphorus carried out in leaves increased significantly by 92%.Phosphorus carrying from fruit also increased significantly by 45%.The metabolomic results showed that potassium humate treatment mainly affected tomato glutathione metabolism,glycine serine and threonine metabolism,porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism,while amino acid fertilizer treatment mainly affected tomato propionic acid metabolism,pantothenic acid and coenzyme A biosynthesis and TCA cycling.Compared with the blank control,the yield of tomatoes under potassium humate treatment increased by 35%,the fresh weight and dry weight of the aboveground increased by 21% and 5%,and the soluble sugar content,sugar-acid ratio and soluble solids content in tomato fruits were also significantly increased,with increases of 30%,41% and 0.39 percentage point,respectively.The application of amino acid fertilizer significantly increased the root length,aerial fresh weight and fruit yield of tomato during the flowering and fruiting stage,which increased by 19%,18% and 26%,respectively,and the soluble solids content of tomato fruit increased by 0.30 percentage point,the solid-acid ratio increased by 16%,and the weight per fruit increased by 15.6%.In summary,the application of potassium humate and amino acid fertilizer can significantly change the carbon and nitrogen metabolism process of sand tomato plants,promote tomato growth and fruit quality,and is an effective agronomic measure to achieve high-yield and high-quality tomato cultivation.

WRKY transcription factor is a family of transcription factors unique to plants.Studies have demonstrated that WRKY transcription factor played an important role in plant growth and development and in plant response to biological and abiotic stress.In order to reveal the function of tomato WRKY gene,two inbred lines of tomato with high resistance to bacterial wilt Hm 2-2(R)and high susceptibility to bacterial wilt BY 1-2(S)were used as experimental materials based on the preliminary transcriptome data,and a WRKY transcription factor SlWRKY75 gene(Solyc05g015850.3)was cloned.The structure,expression pattern and function of the gene and its encoded protein were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis,multiple alignment of amino acid sequences,phylogenetic tree construction,Real-time Quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)and virus induced gene silencing(VIGS).The results showed that the full length of the cDNA of this gene was 653 bp,its maximum open reading frame was 519 bp,encoding 172 amino acids,the relative molecular weight of the protein was 19.878 51 ku,the theoretical isoelectric point was 9.32.The protein belonged to the hydrophilic non-secreted protein,and there was no transmembrane structure.Meanwhile,the protein had a highly conserved WRKY domain and a CX₄CX₂₃HXH zinc finger motif,which belonged to the Class Ⅱ family.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that SlWRKY75 was closely related to Solanum pennellii SpWRKY75 and clustered into a group with other Solanaceae,while it was far related to Hevea brasiliensis HbWRKY75 and Gossypium hirsutum GhWRKY75 and was in different branches in the phylogenetic tree.The results of qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of SlWRKY75 gene were tissue-specific and could be induced by Ralstonia solanacearum,salicylic acid and jasmonic acid.VIGS result showed that silencing SlWRKY75 reduced plant resistance to bacterial wilt,indicating that SlWRKY75 positively regulated tomato resistance to bacterial wilt.These results suggested that SlWRKY75 gene played an important role in regulating tomato resistance to bacterial wilt.

Calmodulin is an important Ca²⁺ receptor protein in plants,which plays an important role in calcium signaling pathway and stress resistance.It is of great significance to study the mechanism of CaM protein in tomato under low temperature stress for cold tolerance breeding of tomato.Tomato calmodulin genes SlCaM3, SlCaM4 and SlCaM5 were cloned from tomato varieties Heinz1706,LA3969,Jifen 2,Jifen 3 and Nongbofenba 15,and their sequences and protein sequences were analyzed by bioinformatics;the cis acting elements in the promoter regions of SlCaM3,SlCaM4 and SlCaM5 were analyzed by plantcare;Quantitative Real-time PCR was used to analyze the expression patterns of SlCaM3,SlCaM4 and SlCaM5 under 15,5 ℃ temperature stress in different tomato varieties,and the specific expression of SlCaM3,SlCaM4 and SlCaM5 in different tissues was analyzed in combination with RNA-seq data.The results showed that the coding sequence of SlCaM3,SlCaM4 and SlCaM5 were 450 bp,and their similarity was 93.63%;the encoded amino acid sequences were identical,belonging to acidic stable hydrophilic protein with typical conservative domain of cam protein.The analysis of cis acting elements showed that the promoter regions of the three genes contained not only the necessary core elements,but also a variety of biotic and abiotic stress response elements,and showed a complementary pattern.The analysis of the expression patterns of different degrees of low temperature stress showed that the expression patterns of SlCaM3,SlCaM4 and SlCaM5 in five tomato materials showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing at 15 ℃,and the expression of SlCaM5 increased more significantly.At 5 ℃,SlCaM3 and SlCaM4 did not change significantly,but the expression level of SlCaM5 gene increased significantly in the later stage of treatment.The high expression of SlCaM5 gene in the process of tomato resistance to low temperature indicated that it maintained the translation level of cam protein under low temperature and ensured that the function of CaM protein was not affected.The analysis of SlCaM3,SlCaM4 and SlCaM5 specific expression in different tissues of Heinz1706 showed that SlCaM3 and SlCaM4 were highly expressed in meristem,while the expression of SlCaM5 different tissues was not significantly different.

In order to reveal the molecular mechanism of MiPDCD6 protein suppressing tomato PTI immunity,the MiPDCD6 overexpression seedlings of tomato variety Xinjinfeng 1 were used as experimental materials,and the tissue culture seedlings of tomato variety Xinjinfeng 1 were used as control.Transcriptome sequencing was performed on tomato MiPDCD6 overexpressing seedlings and control seedlings,respectively.With tomato cultivars Heinz 1706,comparing the genome as a reference genome,FPKM method was used to calculate quantity of gene expression,set parameters(|log₂ FC|>1 and P<0.05)in screening the differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Gene ontology(GO)database was used to analyze the GO functional enrichment of DEGs,count the number of DEGs in each GO term,calculate the significance of gene enrichment,and find out the functional term with significant enrichment.KEGG database was used for Pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs,and hypergeometric distribution test was used to calculate the significance of enrichment of DEGs in each Pathway.The enrichment degree of KEGG was measured by FDR and gene number.Combined with gene differential expression analysis and functional enrichment analysis,the effect of MiPDCD6 protein on tomato PTI immune-related pathway genes was studied.The results showed that there were 2 366 DEGs in MiPDCD6 overexpressed tomato plants compared with wild-type tomato,including 1 354 up-regulated genes and 1 012 down-regulated genes.In these DEGs,a large number of differentially expressed genes were concentrated in KEGG pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction(sly4075),plant-pathogen interaction(sly04626),plant MAPK signal pathway(sly04016)and procycloid biosynthesis(sly00940)through GO and KEGG annotation.SA biosynthesis pathways included ICS and PAL.In the MiPDCD6 overexpressed tomato plants,PAL1 and PAL-like genes in SA synthesis pathways and TGA9,TGA10-like and PR1a2 genes in SA signal transduction pathways were significantly down-regulated,suggesting that MiPDCD6 may inhibit SA synthesis thus inhibiting plant PTI immunity.

In order to give Ningxia an excellent combination of high yield and disease resistance.Dtopsis method was used to evaluate 50 hybrid combinations of pink fruit and tomato and 2 controls(Fengshou 128 and Meifen 869)planted in solar greenhouse for two consecutive years(2020,2021),the botanical traits,fruit traits,yield traits and disease resistance traits were analyzed.The fruit characters of cross combinations were different from each other,but the ripening property was consistent.The optimal combination was 33,whose theoretical yield was more than 20% higher than that of the two controls in two years.It was "moderately resistant" to three diseases and above,with a hardness of more than 5.0 kg/cm² and a pulp thickness of more than 8.0 cm,which was a combination of storage and transportation resistance.The second was combination 47 and 1.The theoretical output of these two combinations was relatively large,and the theoretical output of 47 has increased by more than 45% in two years.Combination 1 had better commercial properties,higher soluble solid content,higher hardness,and better appearance quality.After two years' comprehensive evaluation,combinations 33,47 and 1 were finally selected to be suitable for solar greenhouse planting in Ningxia.

In order to select rotation crops suitable for tomato in southeastern of Shanxi Province,we planted six cropsrotation patterns,namely maize(LVZm),zucchini(LVCp),peanut(LVAh),green onion(LVAf),okra(LVAe),and cucumber(LVCs),taking treatment with continuous tomato cultivation(LLLe,CK)as control. The changes in the microbial community structure and diversity in the ITS1 region of soil fungi were analyzed by Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology. At the same time,the quality indicators(soluble total sugar,organic acid content,sugar-acid ratio,Vc content,soluble protein,soluble solids,lycopene content,nitrate)and yield indicators(single fruit weight,yield)of the following tomatoes were measured. The results showed that Ascomycote was the dominant phyla in the 7 treatments,and the species and abundance were quite different,LVCs,LVZm,LVAh and LVAe increased the diversity index of fungal,while LVCp decreased the index. LVZm had better taste;LVAe and LLLe had the highest Vc content;no significant difference in soluble protein content;the content of soluble solids were the highest in LLLe and LVCp;the content of lycopene was highest in LVCp;LVAe had the highest nitrate content. The yields significantly increased in LVAe and LVCp patterns,and the quality of single fruit significantly increased in LVCp rotation. Principal component analysis(PCA)showed that the scores of quality and yield among different patterns from high to low were LVCp>LVAe>LLLe> LVAh>LVAf> LVZm>LVCs. In summary,crop rotation changes the soil fungal community structure,affects the index of the fungal,the quality and yield of tomatoes in subsequent crops. Based on various factors,zucchini and okra are the dominant rotation crops suitable for the growth of local tomatoes.

In order to study the response mechanism of pepper CaWRKY30 transcription factor and Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus,it was experimental materials with pepper Xiangyan 11.The CaWRKY30 coding sequence was obtained by RNA extraction,RT-PCR,split gel and cloning.Biological information analysis results showed that CaWRKY30 full length was 1 122 bp,encoding 373 amino acids,the gene encoded protein contains 1 WRKY conservative domain and 1 C₂H₂ domain,belonged to a typical Ⅱ(e)subfamily member.System evolution analysis showed that the relative relationship with the potato StWRKY22 amino acid sequence was recently.It was found that CaWRKY30 was positioned in the nucleus and cell membranes in its cigarette seedlings,and leads to cell membranes.The results of Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed that the viral accumulation of Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus mechanical friction-vaccination was found that the viral accumulation was gradually increased from 1 to 14 days after inoculation,and virus accumulation reached its maximum in 14 days,after inoculation 14 days,viral accumulation gradually declined.At the same time,CaWRKY30 was induced by Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus,when the inoculation 1-14 days,the CaWRKY30 expression was raised,and the peak was reached in 14 days,the expression in 14 days gradually decreased.In summary,it obtained the CaWRKY30 transcription factor gene sequence,which was located in the nucleus and cell membrane,and preliminarily explained the expression trend of CaWRKY30 transcription factors under the stress of Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus.

To explore bacterial wilt resistance genes,RNA sequencing was used to characterize the transcriptomes of resistant and susceptible tomato inbred lines with Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation(RsI).The results showed that a total of 75.02 Gb high-quality data were generated in 12 libraries.With the fold change(FC)≥2 and false discovery rate(FDR)<0.01 as the standard,970 and 695 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in the two tomato lines,respectively.The 1 312 DEGs accounted for 3.71% of the total.Among them,the numbers of up-regulated genes were 457 and 450,respectively,totaling 693;the numbers of down-regulated genes were 513 and 245,respectively,totaling 621.Among these DEGs,836 genotype-specific DEGs were highlighted.These DEGs were mainly divided into 47 functional groups such as metabolism,regulation,response,binding,and catalysis,and 88 metabolic pathways such as DNA replication,secondary metabolite synthesis,plant-pathogen interaction,and signal transduction by GO and KEGG annotation.Specifically,4 NBS resistance genes,6 plant-pathogen interaction genes,11 plant hormone signal transduction genes,22 defense response genes,32 protein kinases,65 transcription factors,and several other important functional genes were involved,indicating that they played important roles in response to Rs.Promoter analysis revealed that these genes possessed multiple defense and stress response elements.The output was confirmed using RT-qPCR for 50 representative genes.It was found that more than half of the genes were consistent with RNA-seq in expression.Solyc02g086980.3 and Solyc04g011670.3 might be involved in the resistance response,whereas Solyc01g073985.1,Solyc09g092580.4,Solyc09g098100.4,and Solyc10g081300.1 might be the opposite.Together,these gene expression profiles serve as fundamental information to understand the potential molecular basis in the response to Rs in tomato,and facilitate the application of related resistance genes in breeding.

Tomato belongs to the cold sensitive model plant,which is vulnerable to chilling injury during its growth,thus affecting its yield.In order to provide a theoretical basis for further revealing the molecular mechanism of cold resistance of tomato plants and breeding tomato cold resistant varieties,tomato germplasm resource No.25 of vegetable genetics,Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory was used as material,and tomato transcription factor SlMYB-related 2 was used as research object.Based on CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout vector,tomato positive plants were obtained by Agrobacterium transformation.The VIGS transient silencing expression vector was constructed,and the wild-type and and virus transformed plants without inserted target gene fragment were used as control.The three groups of plants were treated with low temperature at 4 ℃(16 h day / 8 h night,60% humidity).The contents of physiological indexes related to cold resistance were measured and its cold tolerance was compared.The results showed that CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout vector was constructed and two CRISPR silenced positive plants were obtained.Constructed the expression vector of VIGS silence,after low temperature treatment,it was found that with the extension of low temperature treatment time,the growth trend of proline and soluble sugar in SlMYB-related 2 gene transformation group was slower than that in control tomato group(wild type carrying TRV,CK)and wild group(WT),and the content was lower than that in CK group and wild group.However,the content of malondialdehyde was higher than that of CK group and wild group,which proved that the cold resistance of tomato plants with transient expression of VIGS was significantly lower than that of CK group and wild group.Through the analysis of cold resistance of tomato plants after gene transient silencing expression,it was found that SlMYB-related 2 gene played a positive regulatory role in low temperature stress.

To investigate the effects of corn straw as the main component of the cultivation substrate on crop growth and fruit quality under brackish water and fresh water irrigation. Four treatments were designed, including the pure corn stalk(S-control), biochar(SB), S added with earthworm compost(SE), biochar and earthworm compost(SBE).Brackish water and fresh water irrigation were applied with each of the four substrate treatments, respectively, leading to a total of eight available treatments. The results showed that with same cultivation substrates, irrigational water had insignificant effect on the relative growth rates of plant height and stem volume at seedling stage. Compared with fresh water irrigation, brackish water irrigation had more positive effect on increasing the relative growth rate of plant height at later stage in SE treatment groups, with a 79.49% more increase in the relative growth rate. However, there were no significant differences in total biomass and root shoot ratio between SE-treated plants irrigated by fresh water and those irrigated by brackish water Brackish water irrigation promoted photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate compared to the fresh water irrigation in the S and SB treatments. Moreover, transpiration rate was reduced in SE, WUE was increased in SBE and SB. SB had the best effect of alleviating brackish water stress. Under the same culture substrate, brackish water significantly increased the soluble solid content compared to fresh water irrigation, and the highest soluble solid content was detected in SB, which was increased by 5.56%. SE and SB treatments significantly increased soluble sugar content in brackish water compared with fresh water irrigation by 53.84% and 50.15%, respectively, but there was no significant difference in yield. Compared with S treatment, SE increased transpiration rate under fresh water irrigation and had the highest Fv/Fm. SBE decreased the root-shoot ratio and SB increased the water use efficiency under fresh and brackish water irrigation. Compared with S treatment, SB treatment had the most significant effect on increasing soluble solid under brackish water irrigation, while SE treatment had the most significant effect on decreasing organic acid content and increasing soluble sugar content. Therefore, adding biochar and organic matter under different water irrigation can promote tomato growth, alleviate salt stress and improve fruit quality.

To investigate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and soil nutrient content in protected cultivation.Under the condition of facility cultivation, tomato field experiments were conducted to study the effect of the yield and soil nutrient content when reduced organic and inorganic fertilizers and combined the both application.Compared with the traditional organic fertilizer application amount of 105.00×10³ kg/ha, organic and inorganic combined application increased the yield by 12.99%, and the total fertilization of tomato could be reduced by 25% and 50%, it can make the yield of tomato was increased by 8.55% and 8.84%, when inorganic fertilizer was reduced to 50%, the yield decreased significantly.In the middle growth of tomato, there was no significantly difference between each treatments, but compared with the traditional application of organic fertilizer and when the organic fertilizer reduced 25%, organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available potassium content in soil respectively increased by 1.41%, 2.64%, 10.34%;after the harvest of tomato, soil nutrient content decreased with the amount of fertilizer decreased, no significant difference;Compared with the middle growth of tomato, the nitrate nitrogen content in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soils treat with organic and inorganic fertilizers increased from 67.33 mg/kg and 28.93 mg/kg to 90.95 mg/kg and 40.66 mg/kg, respectively, and the nitrate nitrogen content in the 40-60 cm soils decreased from 21.40 mg/kg to 14.97 mg/kg, while the nitrate nitrogen content in the 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm soil layers was basically the same; in all treatments after harvest, with the reduction of nitrogen application rate, the accumulation of nitrate in soil and leaching risk both decreased.Compared with the traditional organic fertilizer application amount of 105.00×10³ kg/ha, the local tomato fertilizer amount can be reduced by 25%-50%, and the appropriate use of organic fertilizers, which can not only make the tomato yield slightly and reducing nitrate leaching risk of soil, also can make the soil nutrient content is more suitable for crop growth and maintain soil productivity.

In order to clarify the cause of tomato fruit browning in Tianjin, deep sequencing of small RNA and RT-PCR were used.The results showed that this symptom was caused by Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). The sequences of CP(Coat Protein, CP), MP(Movement Protein, MP), and 126 proteins of the virus were further analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the three genes of the Tianjin isolate(ToMV-TJ) were the closest to the American isolate(USA_99-1).The similarity analysis showed that the average similarity of ToMV-TJ CP gene to other CP gene isolates was 95.53%.The average similarity of MP gene to other MP gene isolates was 95.21%.The average similarity of 126 protein gene to other 126 protein gene isolates was 92.72%.The proteins encoded by these three genes were analyzed. The results showed that the average similarity was above 99.0%. It is initially shown that ToMV-TJ isolate was imported through international trade.

To clarify the defense responses of Bemisia tabaci after feeding on ToCV-infected tomato, RNA-Seq analysis and qRT-PCR were performed to explore changes that occurred with the internal detoxification and protective enzyme systems as well as with the gene expression and metabolic functions 6, 12, 24, 48 hours respectively after B. tabaci MED fed on both ToCV-infected and uninfected tomato plants. The results showed that the transcription level of detoxification enzymes P450, GST, CarE and protective enzymes SOD, POD, CAT made different changes when B. tabaci MED feeding on ToCV-infected tomato at different times. The genes expression levels of P450, GST, CarE, SOD and POD tended to be up-regulated with the exception of CAT, among which P450 and SOD played the most major roles. Through GO annotation and KEGG function analysis of DEGs, it was found that biological function and metabolic pathways of DEGs of B. tabaci MED after feeding on ToCV-infected tomato for 12 h were different from other time points. After feeding for 12 h, B. tabaci MED mainly decomposed protein through lysosomes, while biosynthesis of amino acids to proteins were carried out through ribosomes at other times. In conclusion, B. tabaci that feeding on ToCV-infected tomato might have caused changes on the gene expression of detoxification and protective enzymes, and regulated the autoimmune response to ToCV invasion through lysosomal pathway. Among them, 12 hours feeding period might be the critical point for B. tabaci to interact with ToCV. The results here are helpful to further clarify the defense mechanism of B. tabaci toward ToCV infections, enrich the interaction theory of B. tabaci -ToCV-host, and provide a scientific basis for effective control of ToCV in the field.

Abiotic stress environment severely restricted tomato production, so it is particularly important to find genes related to abiotic stress tolerance in tomato.In the early stage of this study, UDP-glycyltransferase gene screened by high-throughput sequencing was able to participate in the response to cadmium stress in tomatoes. Therefore, this study took tomatoes as the test material to further study the anti-resistance function of this gene.First, the full length UDP cDNA sequence was obtained by homologous cloning method, and the sequence was analyzed by bioinformatics.Phylogenetic tree was used to analyze the phylogenetic relationship between the protein and plants.Secondly, Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to analyze the tissue expression characteristics of the gene and its expression patterns under three different abiotic stress conditions (Cd, PEG-6000, NaCl).The stress phenotype of transgenic yeast was further analyzed.The sequencing results showed that the cDNA of this gene was 1 486 bp in length, containing a 1 452 bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding 483 amino acids, and was named SlUDP.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the protein was most closely related to potato.The results of Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the expression of this gene was different in different tissues of tomato, and the expression level was the highest in leaves, and the expression level in each part was root > fruit > lateral stem > main stem > flower.The stress phenotype analysis results of transgenic yeast showed that SlUDP gene improved the yeast's tolerance to Cd and drought.According to the above results, SlUDP may play a certain role in tomato response to abiotic stresses such as heavy metals cadmium, high salt and drought.

In order to reveal the correlation between the SlWRKY6 gene and heavy metal stress in plants, the SlWRKY6 gene was cloned from tomato by RT-PCR, the gene sequence number was NM_001365762.1. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the gene contained a complete open reading frame of 1 342 bp, encoding 447 amino acid residues.The protein encoded by this gene contained a WRKY domain structure and belonged to a typical Group Ⅱ subfamily member. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of tomato SlWRKY6 and tomato SpWRKY31 was closely related. Tissue-specific analysis showed that the SlWRKY6 gene was expressed in different tissues of tomato, with the highest expression in old leaves. The results of Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed that the SlWRKY6 gene was up-regulated under the stress of three heavy metals(CdCl₂, CuCl₂, HgSO₄), and the expression level of tomato roots was higher under Cd and Cu stress. Under CdCl₂ stress, SlWRKY6 gene was induced significantly higher in tomato roots than in leaves;the expression level of SlWRKY6 gene decreased with the increase of CuCl₂ stress concentration;Under HgSO₄ stress, the expression of this gene in roots and leaves was significantly higher than that in the control(0 h), with the prolongation of HgSO₄ stress, the relative expression of SlWRKY6 gene showed a reverse trend in tomato roots and leaves. In summary, this study obtained the coding region sequence of the SlWRKY6 gene, and preliminarily described the expression of the tomato SlWRKY6 gene under three heavy metal stresses, which provided a research basis for the screening of functional genes in response to heavy metal stress in tomatoes.

In order to create high quality and disease-resistant cherry tomato resources and provide parent materials for the subsequent breeding of new varieties,factor analysis was used to analyze the variables influencing tomato quality,such as total soluble solid (TSS),total acid,TSS-acid ratio, L^* value, a^* value, b^* value,lycopene,pulp thickness,hardness,etc.,to evaluate 2 kinds of medium fruit species and 7 kinds of cherry tomato species. And field traits of 7 kinds of cherry tomato species were discribed,disease resistant genes were detected as well. In terms of quality and agronomic traits,except for cherry No. 29 F₂-1-1,the cherry tomato resources bred by the laboratory were superior to the middle-fruit varieties and the high quality cultivar Yunü. Among them,Cherry No. 25 F₂-1-1,Cherry No. 55 483-11-8,and Cherry No. 55 483-16-15 Yunü ranked better with common advantages of high TSS(with the value of 8.04%,8.13% and 7.59%,respectively),an excellent balance of sour and sweetness(with the TSS-acid ratio of 11.9,12.0 and 12.8,respectively),bright skin (with the L^* value of 43.70,40.29 and 34.48,respectively),indeterminate growth type,early-medium maturity and being not easy to crack.In terms of disease resistance,Cherry No. 25 F₂-1-1 both contained Tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease resistant genes Ty-3 (only having the genetic band of 641 bp) and root-knot nematode resistant gene Mi-1.2 (only having the genetic band of 550 bp),while Cherry No. 55 483-11-8 and Cherry No. 55 483-16-15 simultaneously contained Tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease resistant genes Ty-1 (only having the genetic band of 984 bp) and root-knot nematode resistant gene Mi-1.2 (only having the genetic band of 550 bp). So the three resources could be used as important parent materials of breeding high quality and disease resistance varieties as they were comprehensively evaluated as the best ones among all being investigated.

In order to explore the effect of grafting on the volatile flavor compounds of yellow cherry tomato fruit,the volatile flavor compounds and relative contents of three yellow cherry tomato varieties were analyzed by headspace solid phase micro-extraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that there were 56 volatile compounds in Huangrong S,including 3 unique volatile compounds; there were 56 volatile compounds in Huangrong J,including 3 unique volatile compounds. Jinlulu S contained 46 volatile compounds,including 4 unique volatile compounds,of which 1-nitro-3-methylbutane was the main flavor compound; Jinlulu J contained 57 volatile compounds,including 15 unique volatile compounds,of which heptanal,benzeneacetonitrile,1-nitro-2-phenylethane and β-ionone were the main flavor compounds. Huangxing S contained 58 volatile compounds,including 7 unique volatile compounds,of which benzeneacetaldehyde,benzeneacetonitrile and 1-nitro-2-phenylethane were the main flavor compounds; Huangxing J contained 61 volatile compounds,including 10 unique volatile compounds,of which guaiacol was the main flavor compound. It was found that grafting significantly affected the categories and relative contents of volatile compounds in the three yellow cherry tomato varieties fruit. Compared with the non-grafted plant,the relative content of 2-methyl-1-butanol decreased while the relative content of β-ionone,E-2-heptenal and Z-4-decenal increased in the grafted fruits. This study laid a foundation for further analysis of tomato fruit flavor metabolism.

In order to clarify the nutrient uptake and distribution characteristics, and fertilizer requirements of tomato during the whole growth stage,the dry matter accumulation,nutrient element content,nutrient uptake cumulative dynamics, and nutrient uptake and distribution of tomato in autumn winter (AW) and winter spring (WS) seasons were studied by the field investigation and sampling,to provide the theoretical guidance of supply-demand balanced nutrient and reasonable fertilization. The results showed that, the order of crop nutrient uptake was:K₂O > N > Ca > P₂O₅ > Mg > Fe > Zn > Mn > B > Cu,the uptake ratios of N:P₂O₅:K₂O in the AW and WS seasons were 1:0.4:2.1 and 1:0.3:1.2,and the demand ratios of N:P₂O₅:K₂O in the seedling stage,flowering stage and picking stage of the whole growth stage were 1:0.5:1.9,1:0.4:1.8,and 1:0.3:1.7,respectively. For each ton of tomato fruit produced,the crop uptakes of the N,P₂O₅,K₂O,Ca,and Mg were 2.5-2.6 kg,0.9-1.0 kg,3.3-5.4 kg,2.2-2.3 kg,0.4-0.5 kg,respectively,and the crop uptakes of Fe,Zn,Mn,B and Cu were 18.0-20.3 g,4.1-12.6 g,5.0-7.3 g,2.8-4.3 g,1.7-3.4 g,respectively. The crop uptakes of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium,calcium and magnesium, and iron manganese and zinc were mainly concentrated in the picking stage,the ratios were 53.6%,47.7%,50.5%,respectively;and the crop uptakes of boron and copper were concentrated in the flowering stage (36.6%). The nutrients distribution in the tomato stem and leaf,and fruit were different, nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were mainly carried out by tomato fruit (62.9%-73.7%),and the middle and trace elements were mainly carried by tomato stem and leaf (64.8%-91.2%). In summary,during the fertilizer period,in the seedling stage it should be based on a comprehensive nutrient-based base fertilizer, the real-time and effective supply of nutrients during the flowering stage,and the nutrient supply of medium and trace elements should be appropriately increased. Returning tomato straw to the field was beneficial to reuse of medium and trace elements,reduced waste of resources caused by excessive fertilization,and effectively alleviated soil quality problems.

To ascertain the effect of applying bio-organic fertilizer for 4 consecutive years on tomato fruit and soil biological characteristics, physiological and biochemical methods and high-throughput sequencing technology were combined to analyze its regulation effect on tomato fruit quality, soil nutrient content and microbial community structure.The results showed that,with chemical fertilizer replaced by bioorganic fertilizer, the sugar acid ratio, content of Vc and lycopene of tomatoes were significantly increased by 11.1%, 7.2% and 12.4% respectively. Soil nutrient measurement exhibited that, the high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria contained in bioorganic fertilizer could meet the nitrogen demand of tomato growth, and soil available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter content were significantly increased by 147.0%, 38.8% and 35.6% respectively. High-throughput sequencing showed that, application of bioorganic fertilizer for four consecutive years could improve the relative abundance of soil Streptomyces, Ureibacillus and Bacillus, among which the activation effect on B. asahii was most significant. In addition,Coverage and Simpson index of tomato-planted soil microbial treated by bioorganic fertilizer for four consecutive years were both higher than those treated by common chemical fertilizer, which indicated that the bioorganic fertilizer containing high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria could improve soil microbe coverage and dominance to some extent. Obviously, continuous application of bioorganic fertilizer is helpful to improve tomatoes fruit quality, soil fertility and soil micro-ecological environment.

In order to determine the bacterial quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecule, N -acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) induce resistance to fungal diseases in plants. Tomato was used as the test material, Botrytis cinerea was used as the pathogen indicator bacteria, and AHLs signal molecules with different side chain length and side chain modification were pretreated to inoculate the pathogen bacteria, and the long chain signal molecule N-3-oxo-tetradecanoyl was found. 3OC14-HSL had the best resistance to gray mold. Real-time quantitative PCR detection of disease resistance genes revealed that the signal molecule 3OC14-HSL pretreatment significantly induced up-regulation of the genes PI1 and PI2 in the tomato and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway compared with the untreated control group; However, the NPR1 gene related to the salicylic acid signaling (SA) pathway was significantly down-regulated, but the PR1 gene was not significantly changed. Further DAB staining, determination of hydrogen peroxide content, and detection of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)enzyme activities revealed that 3OC14-HSL pretreatment caused a large amount of reactive oxygen species in tomatoes compared to the untreated control group. 3OC14-HSL also could maintain high POD, SOD activity. These results indicated that the long-chain signaling molecule N- 3-oxo-tetradecanoyl-homoserine(3OC14-HSL) could induce resistance to gray mold of tomato, and the resistance effect might be related to the jasmonic acid signal pathway.

In order to determine the occurrence and variation of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)in chrysanthemum in Beijing,we collected suspected chrysanthemum plants and performed molecular detection and partial genome sequence analysis. Sequences of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RDRP),glycoprotein(Gn-Gc),movement protein(NSm),non-structural protein(NSs),and coat protein(N)encoded by the virus were determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate named Beijing-jh was most closely related to TSWV isolates of Spain and South Korea and was far related to TSWV isolates from China. The similarity analysis showed that the N gene was the most conservative gene. The average similarity of nucleic acids was 97.2%,the protein was 98.6%. The RDRP had the greatest variability,the average similarity of nucleic acids was 95.4% and the protein was 96.8%. The amino acids of the five proteins of TSWV from Beijing-jh isolate were the most similar to those from Spain. It is initially shown that Beijing-jh isolate was imported through international trade.

In order to detect and identify the viral causing agent that infects tomato vegetable plants in China, a total of 431 susceptible tomato plant samples were collected from different vegetable planting areas during 2015-2018. Total RNA were subjected to detect the viruses using reported specific primers of 12 main viruses and demonstrated by reverse transcription-PCR(RT-PCR). The TYLCV had the highest detection rate(65.20%). ToCV, TMV, CMV, ToMV, TSWV and PVY were popular, having the detection rates of 21.11%, 20.19%, 17.63%, 15.31%, 14.15% and 11.37%, respectively. No TICV, PVX, TYLCVNB and BBWV was detected. The complex infection phenomenon showed that the compound infection rate with two viruses accounted for 52.60% of the total, the combined infection rate with three viruses accounted for 27.92%, and the combined infection rates with four viruses and five viruses was slightly lower, accounting for 0.65% and 18.83%, respectively. Based on the detection data of tomato viruses from 20 regions of China, the most detected viruses were in Beijing, of which 7 viruses were detected. Five viruses were detected in Shandong Province. Four viruses were detected in Henan, Gansu and Ningxia. Three viruses were detected in Xizang, Hebei, Zhejiang, Shaanxi and Hainan. Two viruses were detected in Sichuan, Tianjin, Heilongjiang, Shanxi and Neimenggu, while only one virus was detected in other areas. Phylogenetic trees were constructed with partial gene sequences of TYLCV and TSWV, respectively. The isolates of TYLCV from Beijing(MK336782)and Hunan had the closest relationship, and the isolates of TSWV from Henan(MK318839)and Shandong shared the closest relationship.

In order to screen the suitable irrigation height for the tomato plug seedlings under ebb-and-flow irrigation, the tomato variety Zhongza 105 was taken as material to raise seedlings in plug during summer and winter.Under ebb-and-flow irrigation,the tomato variety Zhongza 105 was taken as material to raise seedlings in plug during summer and winter. Under different feeding height(1, 2, 3 cm), by comparing the water absorption rate of substrate, the seedling growth indexes, root vigor, as well as the water and fertilizer use efficiency, the suitable irrigation height was screened. The results showed that the water absorption rate of substrate increased with irrigation height. Both in summer and winter, under 3 cm of irrigation height, the shoot growth indexes including leaf aera and shoot dry weight were significantly higher than those under 1,2 cm, while the root growth indexes as well as the root-shoot ratio and seedling index showed no significant difference among three irrigation heights. Under 3 cm of irrigation height, the root vigor was significantly lower than that under 1,2 cm. In summer, under 1,2 cm, the water use efficiency was higher than that under 3 cm, and the nitrogen use efficiency showed highest under 2 cm of irrigation height. In winter, the water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency was higher at 2,3 cm. Based on these above indexes, for tomato plug seedlings under ebb-and-flow irrigation, both in summer and winter, the suitable irrigation height was 2 cm, which could not only ensure the seedlings growth and root vigor,but also improve the use efficiency of water and fertilizer.

In order to explore the optimal planting time for tomato, and propose the technical measures for tomato yield. The experiments of 12 planting dates were performed from February 27, 2017 to January 27, 2018 to observe environmental factors,growth period and corresponding production of tomato in each growth period.Then,we further analyzed the correlation between environmental factors and yield at different growth stage. The results showed that:the whole growth period of tomato planted on April 27,2017 and May 27,2017 was the shortest,105 d and it was shortened by 41.67% compared with the whole growth period of tomato planted on September 27,2017. The mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature, mean temperature and daytime mean temperature, mean temperature at night,mean temperature difference, mean soil temperature, mean light intensity and mean relative humidity are key environmental factors for the growth period of tomato. The mean minimum temperature and mean temperature were significantly and negatively correlated with tomato yield from planting dates to blossoming dates, with correlation coefficients of -0.76, respectively. Mean temperature difference, mean light intensity, mean maximum temperature and mean temperature,respectively,were significantly and positively correlated with tomato yield from harvesting dates to uprooting dates, with correlation coefficients of 0.90, 0.81, 0.75 and 0.71, respectively.So temperature is a key environmental factor affecting tomato yield. According to the comparison of the yields of each treatment, the highest production in spring appeared in the planting dates of January 27, 2018,which was 127 437.45 kg/ha, followed by December 27,2017 and February 27, 2017 which were 117 674.25,115 912.95 kg/ha respectively. The planting dates of autumn sorghum was the highest on August 27, 2017 which was 62 007.90 kg/ha, followed by September 27,2017,which was 54 532.95 kg/ha. This indicates that the best planting dates of spring tomato in Ningxia greenhouse is from late December of the first year to early February of the second year, which environmental factors are conducive to the formation of tomato yield. The best planting dates of autumn tomato is from late August to early September. During this growth period, the yield of tomato can be increased by reducing the temperature during the planting dates-blossoming dates and increasing the temperature and light intensity during from harvesting dates to uprooting dates.

There exists the compound infection of Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), and the incidence of the two diseases presents a tread of increase in recent years, which becomes a new threat to tomato farming. In order to study the interaction and variation of the two virus genes after single and mixed infection, the molecular identification and sequence analysis of the CP gene and the HSP gene of ToCV and the gene of TYLCV occurred in Tianjin were carried out. The results showed that, compared with the single infection samples, 6 base mutations of TYLCV were found in mixed infection samples, i.e. 73rd A→C, 92nd A→G, 347th C→T, 1 209th C→T, 1 618th A→G and 2 107th A→T, among which the 73rd and 92nd mutations were not in the coding region and the other four were located in the ORF box with 3 missense mutations and one samesense mutation(1 209th). There was also one samesense mutation in the CP gene of ToCV. There were 4 base mutations in HSP gene of ToCV, among which the 826th T→C and 1 166th G→A were samesense mutations, while the 1 395th A→G and 1 630th A→G were missense mutations. The accumulation amount of TYLCV and ToCV in tomato samples after single infection and mixed infection were analyzed by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the accumulations of TYLCV and ToCV had no significant difference between single infection and mixed infection. In the mixed infection samples, the copy of TYLCV was about 262-436 times that of ToCV.

To explore whether the biochar application could reduce the negative effect of excessive nitrogen fertilization on tomato growth, a pot experiment was carried out using randomized block design with two factors (application rates of nitrogen and biochar) under three levels. The application rates were 100, 200,400 mg/kg of nitrogen, and 0, 2.5, 5 g/kg of biochar, respectively. The dry weight and fresh weight of stems, leaves and fruits of tomato, the amount of irrigation water and the water-nitrogen use efficiency were measured and calculated. The results demonstrated that the dry weight of stems and leaves and the accumulated irrigation water amount decreased significantly in the treatment of high nitrogen rate, compared with the treatment of low nitrogen rate.The nitrogen use efficiency decreased significantly along with the increase of N application rate. Compared with the treatment without biochar application, the use of biochar significantly increased the dry matter of leaves and fruit, the accumulated irrigation water amount and the water-nitrogen use efficiency. It suggested that the application of biochar could reduce the negative effect of excessive N fertilization on tomato growth.

In order to identify the function of SlETR6 gene in tomato under different abiotic stresses, the SlETR6 gene was cloned by RT-PCR from Solanum lycopersicum, and the phylogenetic tree was clustered based on its amino acids by MEGA 5.0 soft. The temporal and spatial (included root, leaf, flower, and fruit in different stage) expression patterns of SlETR6 were analyzed by Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and the relative expression level of SlETR6 gene was analyzed by qPCR under high salt stress, high temperature, low temperature and drought stress during tomato seedling development. The results showed that SlETR6 contained 2 265 bp ORFs, encoded 754 amino acid residues. The protein SlETR6 with a molecular mass of 80.05 ku and isoelectric point of 7.28, and had a closer relationship with Solanum tuberosum ETR2-like. Promoter analysis revealed that SlETR6 contained several stress-responsive elements involved in heat, drought, anaerobic, light, ethylene, salicylic acid, and gibberellin signaling. qPCR analysis showed that the SlETR6 was constitutively expressed in all examined tissues, including seed, root, flower, leaf and fruit,and it showed a higher level in flower and breaker fruit. SlETR6 was up-regulated under high salt stress 6 h compare to control, and the expression level was the highest at 12 h under stress, then return to the normal. The transcription level of SlETR6 was up-regulated significantly under high-temperature stress. Drought stress could significantly up-regulated the expression of SlETR6 in the early stage, and the expression level was the highest at 1 h under stress. These results suggested that SlETR6 might function as an stress-responsive gene under high salt stress, high temperature and drought stress during tomato development. This study provided a potential novel candidate for abiotic research in tomato.

It is necessary for us to clone some endogenous promoters with high transcription activity in tomato leaves and construct CRISPR/Cas9 system, which could provide an effective technology for the research of molecular design breeding in tomato. Six different truncated tomato U3 promoters had cloned by two rounds of PCR amplification from tomato variety Zhongshu 4. Six GUS fusion expression vectors were constructed and transformed into tomato leaves by the agroinfiltration. After right sequencing of the transfer PCR products, the necessary element for transcriptional function of six kinds of SlU3 promoter was analyzed using DNAMAN software. The different truncated SlU3-1P,SlU3-3P and SlU3-4P promoters from tomato variety Zhongshu 4 were performed to clone by two rounds of PCR amplification, altogether there were six different promoters. Lengths were 489,318,450,248,457,248 bp respectively. Six GUS fusion expression vectors were constructed and transformed into tomato leaves.The promoter sequence alignment analysis revealed that the tomato U3 promoter, like the Arabidopsis U3 promoter, also contained two more conserved elements, the USE and TATA boxes, and the positions between the two elements were relatively fixed.Transfected tomato leaves by agroinfiltration transformation method. The results showed that the six truncated U3 promoters could drive GUS expression in tomato leaves and tomato leaves could be stained blue and the shorter promoters also had stronger transcription activity as original promoters.Six different tomato U3 promoters had cloned with high-level transcription in tomato leaves, which could provide ideal endogenetic promoters for the construction of CRISPR/Cas9 system for tomato functional genomics research.

In order to investigate the effects of NPK fertilization on the yield and quality of tomato,provide theoretical basis for reasonable fertilization of N,P and K in tomato. There were five fertilization ratio treatment,no fertilizer,NPK ratio was 1:0.7:1,0.7:0.7:1,1:0.49:1 and 1:0.7:0.7,to determine the different treatments on tomato yield,quality and absorption of nutrients. The results showed that,compared with CK,N,P and K fertilization ratio treatment could increase tomato yield by 4.1%-9.9%,When the ratio of N,P and K was 1:0.7:0.7,the yield was 92.92 t/hm²,significantly higher than other treatments(P <0.05); The content of Vc,soluble sugar and soluble solids of tomato fruit in treatment 4 increased by 62.5%,16.8%,6.1%; Compared with CK,the nitrogen content in Treatment 4 was 28.71 mg/g.,14.24%-20.38% higher than other treatments,treatment 2 had higher phosphorus and potassium content,was 3.85,27.00 mg/g,significantly different from other treatments(P <0.05); Considering the yield,quality and so on,under the experimental conditions,the optimum ratio of N,P,K was 1:0.7:0.7.

To figure out the physiological regulation mechanism of tomato cold resistance,we used two type tomatoes which one is cold resistance wild tomato LA1777 and the other is low temperature sensitive cultivated tomatoes LA2706 as our test materials to study the influence of low temperature on antioxidant metabolism and carbon assimilation. Results showed that under the stress of low temperature,the contents of superoxide-anion radical (O₂^·),hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂),malondialdehyde(MDA),dehydroascorbic acid(DHA)increased,and it that in LA2706 was about 0.3%-21.0%,1.2%-17.3%,13.4%-36.9%,and 13.3%-21.0% higher than LA1777,that speeded up the process of membrane lipid peroxidation. The contents of reduced ascorbic acid(AsA)had a slight upward trend with cryogenic processing time extended;the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)decreased by 55.3% and 28.2% 7 d after treatment in LA2706 and LA1777,LA2706 fell obviously than LA1777;the peak of ascorbic acid catalase(APX)in LA1777 was significantly higher than LA2706,and about is 1.7 and 4.0 times that of LA2706 in 1 and 7 d after treatment. With the extension of low temperature processing time,the total sugar content,acid invertase activity,neutral invertase activity and sucrose phosphate synthase all raised,LA2706 had a significantly higher increment than LA1777,and about was 5.8,4.8,10.2 and 1.7 times in 7 d that of 0 d after treatment.Low temperature made LA2706 to have a large number of decomposition starch into sugar,to alleviate the stress of low temperature environmental damage.

The effects of exogenous H₂S and H₂O₂ physiological regulation on the processing tomato seedlings under NaCl stress were investigated,KT-32 with weak salt tolerance and KT-7 with strong salt tolerance as the materia. Research of 50 μmol/L H₂S and H₂O₂ were determined by pot culture under the conditions of 0.5,1.5,3.0 mmol/L. Effects of cotreatment on the growth,osmoregulation,material accumulation and reactive oxygen metabolism of seedlings of processed tomato under 250 mmol/L NaCl stress.The results showed that the cotreatment of exogenous H₂S and H₂O₂ alleviated the inhibitory effect of NaCl stress on the growth of seedlings of processed tomato seedlings,and maintained a strong photosynthetic pigment content,relatived water content and root activity in processed tomato seedlings.And decreased the electrolyte leakage rate,the content of MDA,the content of H₂O₂ and the production rate of O₂^· free radical and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD,POD and CAT activity. Among the two strains,soluble sugar increased 24.0% and 29.4% by compared with 50 μmol/L H₂S treatment alone at 50 μmol/L H₂S and 1.5 mmol/L H₂O₂ ,proline content increased by 25.8% and 21.3%,respectively,and the effect of salt stress alleviation was the most significant.In summary,there were a certain degree of synergy between exogenous H₂S and H₂O₂,which could enhance the osmotic regulatory capacity of plants under enhanced NaCl stress in tomato seedling plants to enhance the removal of reactive oxygen species H₂S and H₂O₂ in the tomato seedlings,and then weakened the injury of reactive oxygen species on the plasma membrane in processed tomato cells and then increased the adaptability of tomato seedlings to salt stress. The synergistic effect of the two signaling molecules will provide the theoretical basis for alleviating the physiological mechanism of salt stress in tomato seedlings.

In order to optimize Cd low accumulation or Cd high resistant tomato varieties,in this paper,4 tomato varieties(Provence,Ruitina,Kate 2 and 908) were selected as the research objects,and the differences of growth index and resistance index of tomato seedlings under cadmium stress were compared in detail by hydroponics experiment. The results showed that 908 had the highest natural characteristics in plant height,root length,total biomass,MDA and chlorophyll content under the condition of nutrient solution without Cd;Provence showed the most prominent in CAT activity;Ruitina showed the highest activity on POD. Under the condition of Cd stress,low Cd content promoted the growth of root system of Provence,which was 24.72% higher than that of CK,other varieties did not change much;the plant height of Ruitina was most sensitive to the stress of middle and high Cd content,other varieties had no obvious change. CAT of four tomato varieties under low and medium Cd stress has increased 12.58%-84.91%;the activity of CAT decreased sharply and the resistance function was seriously weakened under high Cd stress. The resistance of POD in 908 to medium and high Cd stress was increased,and the enzyme activity was enhanced by 76.07% and 72.65%;the activity of POD in Ruitina decreased sharply and the resistance was seriously affected. The contents of Cd in shoots and roots of 908 were the highest among the four varieties,3-12 times of other varieties,Provence was the lowest,and the transport coefficient of four varieties were all<1. Under the same Cd stress,the high Cd concentration absorbed by the 908 plants induced a high increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes,reflected that the scavenging ability of 908 plants to reactive oxygen species was stronger than that of the other three varieties. In conclusion,under the medium and high Cd stress,Provence was selected as Cd low accumulation tomato variety,908 had the strongest resistance and higher Cd content,belonging to the high Cd resistant varieties.

To understand the regulation of crop dry matter production and allocation, and to improve crop dry matter production and water, nitrogen use efficiency by applying the reasonable amount of nitrogen fertilizer and water irrigation, the pot experiment of nitrogen and water coupling was conducted and tomato cultivar Hongzungui was selected as the material. The 4 leaves seedlings were planted in the nutrition bowls(Model 30 cm×28 cm, with moss peat as media) for 6 treatments(2 nitrogen level and 3 irrigation level), each with 40 pots and replicated 4 times for total of 960 plants. The experiment was from Apr.17 to Aug.3, 2017 for 109 days. Plants samples were taken every 10 days to measuring the growth status. The results showed, compared with the treatment of low nitrogen(N1), it was increased by 21.15%, 26.57% and 35.54% of growth rate, plant total dry matter and fruit dry matter under high nitrogen level(N2), respectively, and the proportion of fruit dry matter within plant dry matter was increased by 4%. Under the N1 level, more dry matter was distributed to the root section. Compared with N1, the proportion of increased dry matter allocated to the fruit in N2 was increased by about 8.24% with each 1 g increased of cumulative nitrogen application. The more irrigation, the better for plants grew in this experiment. Compared with low water level(W1), the total dry matter was increased by 23.55% and 13.29%, fruit dry matter by 19.75% and 16.28% in high and medium water irrigation level(W3, W2), respectively. There were about 66%-70% of increased plant dry matter production allocated to the fruit with additional 1 L irrigation amount. Plant achieved the highest dry matter accumulation under the treatment N2W3. Compared with N1W1, the total dry matter of per plant and the dry matter of fruit per plant were increased by 57.24% and 61.58% with N2W3. Under the same nitrogen level, the higher the irrigation water, the higher the nitrogen use efficiency was, especially at high nitrogen level. Nitrogen use efficiency in N2W3 increased by 28.58% compared with that of N2W1. Under the same water level, the higher nitrogen application, the higher the water use efficiency was, especially under high water treatment. The water use efficiency of N2W3 was increased by 33.97% compared with that of N1W3. It was concluded that once the irrigation water was increased at high nitrogen level, or the nitrogen level was increased at high water irrigation, the production rate, the total plant dry matter and the fruit dry matter were increased. The interaction of water irrigation and nitrogen application were promoted each other, and the treatment of N2W3 was suggested the best choice in this research range.

In order to screen tomato endophytic bacteria strains with good biological control effect and application value. In this study,an endophytic bacterium named JZ3 with high antagonistic activity against tomato grey mold was isolated. Through the comparison of morphological characteristics,phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequence and gyrB gene sequence,the results showed that JZ3 was a strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The results of laboratory test showed that,the preventive effect of JZ3 liquid suspension(5×10⁷cfu/mL) on the tomato gray mold was up to 82.04%,the treatment effect was about 30.54%. The high temperature and high salinity tolerance of JZ3 was detected,the results showed that the survival rate of JZ3 in high salinity environment was 70%,the survival rate of JZ3 under high temperature and high salt condition(15 min) was still up to 50%. The storage stability of JZ3 was tested,the results showed that number of functional microorganism remained unchanged after storaged in the room temperature for 12 months. In conclusion,the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain JZ3 isolated from tomato plants has good biocontrol and storage properties,it provides a good strain resource for the development of efficient microbial preparation,and has broad application prospects.

In order to identify the pathogenic fungi which causing tomato bacterial wilt in Fengnan District of Hebei Province.This study proved the disease as Bipolaris sorokiniana by pathogen isolation,pathogenicity test,morphological observation,and rDNA-ITS gene sequence analyses was caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.radicis-lycopersici(Forl).The result showed that the mortality and morbidity of stem based inoculation were higher than root soaking inoculation.So,the disease with stem based inoculation developed faster.The study provided theoretical basis for the breeding of disease resistance and the screening of the fungicides.

To discover a rapid,simple and cheap method to improve soil properties,this experiment researched the effects of biological organic fertilizer (Y),microbial fertilizer (W) and humic acid fertilizer on the physicochemical property of soil,content of effective microelements,enzymatic activity and the quality of tomato in greenhouse. The results showed that each soil organic amendment did not contribute significantly to the pH value of soil,the pH value of soil was always above 7.0 during the crop growth period,and no acidification problem. After harvest,all fertilizers could reduce the level of EC except the middle level humic acid fertilizer (FM). Each fertilizer had no significantly effect on the available Mn,Zn and Fe content,only the high level humic acid fertilizer (FH) could improve available Zn content in 0-20 cm(increased 10.8%) and 20-40 cm (increased 13.2%) soil layers at full fruiting stage. The activity of urease and sucrase increased after all treatments. All treatments provided less influence on the alkaline phosphatase activity. The activity of acid phosphatase and catalase was relatively affected by microbial fertilizer. All treatments increased the contents of soluble solid,soluble sugar,titratable acid and vitamin C,the middle level humic acid fertilizer improved the sugar-acid ratio among treatments. Above all,soil organic amendment could effectively improve the soil characteristics and tomato quality in greenhouse.

To investigate the influence of oxygen concentrations in the root system on tomato development in hydroponics cultivation,two tomato cultivars,which called Henan 4 and Fenzhenzhu,were grown in nutrient solution under four dissolve oxygen (DO) concentrations,which were hypoxia (0.5-2.0 mg/L; Nitrogen treatment),normoxia (7.0-8.0 mg/L; Air treatment),supersaturate oxygen (14.0-17.0 mg/L; Oxygen treatment) and no aeration as control (6.4-1.2 mg/L). Plant biomass,root vitality,photosynthetic pigment contents and growth indexes were investigated at seedling stage. The result showed that with the increase of oxygen concentration, the growth of seedlings was better, and the root vitality of seedlings increased, but photosynthetic pigment contents reduced. Compared with CK, normoxia and saturated oxygen treatment significantly increased the longest root length and the dry and fresh quality of tomato seedlings at the end of treatment. On the 18th day, for the Henan 4 which compared with CK, the total dry weight increased 24.00% and 74.86% under normoxia and saturated oxygen treatment, respectively. And the longest root length increased 67.23% and 230.55%, respectively. However, the total dry weight reduced 3.43%, and the longest root length reduced 1.63% under hpoxia treatment. The roots and shoots were more flourishing and biomass were the highest under saturated oxygen, thus improving the oxygen concentration in rhizosphere could be beneficial to the growth and yield of tomato.

Using single factor randomized block experiment,make saline water (EC=3 mS/cm)irrigation directly as control,to study effect on contents of mineral elements of tomato plants'roots,stems,leaves at fruit-set period,the early stage of full bearing period,later stage of full bearing period and different growing periods fruits of different irrigation methods of saline water.Results showed that:①These ten kinds of mineral elements in tomato roots,stems,leaves and fruits all showed regular changes.Six kinds of mineral elements contents in roots,stems,leaves were N,K,Ca greater than P,Mg,Na,in four kinds of microelements,the Fe,Mn was higher,next was Zn,Cu was the lowest;Except K,young fruits had the highest contents of five kinds of macroelement,the content of K was the highest in mature fruits.Microelements' content in fruits were Fe,Zn was higher,Cu,Mn was lower.In fruits,K was positive correlation with the other nine kinds of mineral elements.Na,Mg,Mn was antagonism with Zn,Cu,P. ② Saline water irrigation increased Na content of tomato root, stem, leaf and fruit in quality formation period, direct irrigation with saline water increased the maximum. Compared with freshwater irrigation, the total N content of all parts of tomato plant is also improved under saline water irrigation directly, but it was not conducive to the absorption and accumulation of N, P and 4 kinds trace elements of tomato fruit. Fresh water irrigation is beneficial to improve the content of P, K and Zn in each part of the plant, and promote the uptake and accumulation of N, P, K and Fe, Zn of tomato fruit. The content of Ca, Mg and Fe in each part of the plant can be improved when use saline water and fresh water rotation irrigation according to plant growth periods, Ca and Mg content of tomato at young fruit period and mature period are also higher under saline water freshwater irrigation in sequence and rotation irrigation according to plant growth periods. The contents of Cu and Mn in each part of plant are higher when use mixed water irrigation and saline water fresh water irrigation in sequence, so the content of Cu under mixed water irrigation and the content of Mn under saline water fresh water irrigation in sequence in the fruit are also higher at fruit quality formation period. So,using saline water irrigation in a short time or decreased the EC of saline water (rotation irrigation,mixing water irrigation)could avoid the negative influence of saline water and supplement the necessary elements of plants,they were N,Ca,Mg and Fe,Mn,Cu and so on.

To investigate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and quality of pepper and tomato.Under the greenhouse cultivation condition,the pepper and tomato of field experiments were conducted to study the effect of yield and quality when reduced organic and inorganic fertilizers and combined the both application.The treatments were set up as no fertilizer,100% organic fertilizer,75% organic fertilizer,50% organic fertilizer,50% chemical fertilizer+50% organic manure fertilizer,75% chemical fertilizer,50% chemical fertilizer.The results showed that reduction and combined application of chemical and organic fertilizer had no significant effect on the yield of pepper, the effect of soluble solids content, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content was relatively small.The treatment that combined application of chemical and organic fertilizer and the quality of pepper which the content of nitrate was the lowest and the content of vitamin C was highest.While reduced the fertilizer application would lead to a different degree of yield increase for tomato, and compared with other treatments,treatment of 50% chemical fertilizer+50% organic manure fertilizer reached the highest yield and the best quality which the nitrate content of tomato was the lowest, and the content of vitamin C and amino acid were the highest, and the difference of soluble solids content and sugar acid ratio was relatively small.

To search for the effect of different fertilizations on the microenvironment of greenhouse soil,four kinds of long-term fertilization treatments were set up, i.e. no fertilizer (CK),chicken manure +straw fertilization (M+S),chicken manure+urea fertilization (M+U) and chicken manure+urea+straw fertilization (M+U+S), and dynamic changes of the greenhouse soil nutrients and enzyme activities throughout the growth stages of tomato were studied.Results revealed that the highest activities of invertase and cellulase appeared in the first-fruit stage, while those of urease and acid phosphatase happened in the full-fruit stage, and the fruit-harvest stage witnessed the highest amount of soil organic matter (OM). Both the soil salt concentration and the pH value were significantly reduced after the practice of straw return with high ratio of carbon/nitrogen (C/N), while the contents of soil total nitrogen (TN), OM, available P (AP), available K (AK),and alkalified N(AN) were significantly enhanced by 8.92%-40.71%, 9.54%-18.52%, 23.65%-27.87%, 13.53%-58.81% and 13.20%-18.25%, respectively; and the activity units of invertase, cellulase, urease and acid phosphatase were significantly increased by 13.95-17.93, 79.35-103.56, 11.50-15.73 and 4.30-8.00.Compared with CK treatment, input of nitrogen-based fertilizer significantly increased the level of soil secondary salinization, and reduced the soil pH and the urease activity in M+U treatment.Application of organic manure significantly increased the content of TN, OM, AP, AK and AN, and enhanced the activities of invertase, cellulase and acid phosphatase. Besides, it was positively correlated between the activities of invertase, cellulose, acid phosphatase and the contents of TN, OM, AP, AK and AN, and between urease and TN.However, there was no obvious correlation between hydrogen peroxidase and all soil nutrients.

To investigate the alleviation effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on processing tomato seedling growth under salt stress, two processing tomato cultivars (KT-7 and KT-32) with different salt tolerances and treated with different concentrations (20, 50, 100, 150 μmol/L) sodium hydrosulfide processing tomato seedling under 250 mmol/L NaCl stress.The low concentrations of sodium hydrosulfide were used to spray on the leaves of seedling, and to study the seedling biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, relative water content, root activity, free proline accumulation, autioxidant enzyme(SOD, POD, CAT) activities, electrolytic leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents.According to the results, under the salt stress, exogenous H₂S treatment significantly improved the processing tomato seedling biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, relative water content, root activity, proline content and autioxidant enzyme activities. However, electrolytic leakage and MDA contents had a significantly drop. Among them, 50 μmol/L concentration had the best effect. Compared with salt stress alone, 50 μmol/L NaHS increased seedling biomass, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, carotenoids content, SOD activities by 30.8%-66.7%, 61.8%, 56.3%,57.0%, 9.1%, respectively, however,the electrolytic leakage and MDA contents descend 15 percentage points and 23.7%, in KT-7. 50 mmol/L NaHS increased seedling biomass, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, carotenoids content, SOD activities by 24.0%-96.4%, 49.8%, 52.0%, 46.7%, 10.2%,respectively, however,the electrolytic leakage and MDA contents descend 12 percentage points and 24.2%, in KT-32.These illustrated that the exogenous H₂S regulated the antioxidant levels in leaves to reduce oxidative damage on processing tomato seedling during salt stress that improved the processing tomato seedling adaptability to salt stress. This study provided the basis for the further study of H₂S function on processing tomato salt stress response mechanism.

In order to prevent the fertility obstacle and improve the resistance to low light stress of tomato, the formulas mainly in the calcium element had been developed and screened which increased the yields and fruit qualities. In this experiment the cultivated tomato cultivar Liaoyuanduoli as test materials, plants at the six-leaf stage were sprayed with an equal volume of calcium formulas by different times under low light condition, with sprayed distilled water in nature and low light (427-516 μmol/(m²·s)) as control.Results showed that formulas application reduced the adult plant's length and controlled the growth of plants, increased the seeding index and the activities of SOD, POD and CAT, reduced the MDA content of tomato leaves, and increased the fruit qualities and yields of tomato. The use of formula content of tomato leaves, and increased the fruit qualities and yields of tomato. The use of formula (P1) in tomato plants treated the weak light tolerance coefficient significantly increased 23.6%, the dry matter accumulation and seedling index than the weak light control (CL) increased by 39.0% and 57.7%. The formula one (P1) in the control of the weak light resistance of tomato effect is the best.

To clarify the suitable application rate of the soluble ammonium polyphosphate fertilizer for tomato,the phosphorous rates of soluble ammonium polyphosphate fertilizer on yield,quality,phosphorous uptake of autumn-winter tomato were studied in a plastic greenhouse.The results showed that the yield of tomato and the fruit weight were highest at the 29 kg/ha,however,when continue to increase the amount of phosphorus,the yield and fruit weight will be lower.The most appropriate phosphorus rate for tomato quality was 29 kg/ha.As the phosphorus uptake of tomato roots,the difference between treatments was not significant; After fitting,the most appropriate phosphorus rate for tomato fruit and whole-plant were 21.17 kg/ha and 25.79 kg/ha respectively.The phosphorous utilization efficiency (PUE) was higher than other treatments at 29 kg/ha.In summary,the most appropriate phosphorous rate for a higher autumn-winter tomato yield was 29 kg/ha under this soil fertility.

This experiment consists of eight varieties of tomato were collected from home and abroad,the indexes of physiological and biochemical characteristics,field resistance,yield and quality were determined after the haze.The results showed that:during the weather of low temperature and haze,solar greenhouse's own environmental conditions far could not meet the requirements of the temperature,light and humidity of tomato.Under stress conditions,the varieties with stronger resistance were Jinpeng No.8 and Fenyan No.1,their fruit drop rates were 2.5%,3.7%,dead rates of plant were 38.8% and 25.0%,the diseases incidence rates were 35.5% and 35.0% respectively,These indicators were in the lower level than other varieties.And Jinpeng No.8 had the highest yield,54 300 kg/hm²,followed by Fenyan No.1and T1701,which production were more than 50 000 kg/hm². Fruit quality,the maximum of sugar acid ratio was Jinpeng No.8,and the taste was best;The minimum of the nitrate content was Fenyan No.1.The whole fog and haze,the smallest decrease amplitude of chlorophyll was Jinpeng No.8,Fenyan No.1 wasthe second.Physiological and biochemical indexes,the varieties of accumulated more contents of soluble sugar and proline were Jinpeng No.8,Fenyan NO.1,the value of SOD and POD were also higher,The content of MDA didn't have obvious differences between species in this experiment.Therefore,under low temperature and weak light,the varieties with self-regulation,strong adaptability were Jinpeng No.8,Fenyan NO.1,which results of physiological indexes were consistent with the results of field experiments.