Effect of Different Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Pattern on the Growth and Phosphorus Fertilizer Utilization of Long-season Tomato in Greenhouse under Reduced Fertilizer Application

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194788

Abstract

Abstract:

Abstract:To explore the effects of phosphorus fertilizer reduction ratio and phosphorus fertilizer management method on tomato yield,phosphorus utilization rate and soil fertility level under simultaneous reduction of chemical fertilizer nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in high fertilizer application areas,an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located in Dingxing County,Hebei Province.Overwintered long-season tomato was chosen as the experimental plant.Treatments included CF(N-P₂O₅-K₂O,1 009.5-774.0-1 458.0 kg/ha),P1(N-P₂O₅-K₂O,750.0-375.0-1 125.0 kg/ha),PB2(N-P₂O₅-K₂O,750.0-225.0-1 125.0 kg/ha),PT2(N-P₂O₅-K₂O,750.0-225.0-1 125.0 kg/ha),P3(N-P₂O₅-K₂O,750.0-75.0-1 125.0 kg/ha)and P4(N-P₂O₅-K₂O,750.0-0.0-1 125.0 kg/ha).Fertilizer phosphorus was applied basally in the PB2 treatment,and the other fertilizer-reduced treatment fertilizer phosphorus was applied in a "Basal dressing and topdressing" method.The result showed that compared to CF,tomato yield of PT2 treatment over the three-year period revealed an average increase of 12.0%,with the highest increase.After three years of fertilizer reduction,the root dry weight of P1,PB2 and PT2 significantly increased,along with improvements in the chemical phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate,phosphorus fertilizer agronomic utilization rate,and the chemical phosphorus fertilizer harvest index.Compared to CF,PT2 treatment resulted in an increase in root shoot ratio of 48.2%, phosphorus fertilizer recovery rate and phosphorus fertilizer harvest index increased by an average of 32.9 and 2.7 percent points, phosphorus fertilizer agronomic utilization rate was 9.02 times higher than that of CF.PT2 treatment was the highest among all fertilizer reduction treatments.Compared to the CF treatment,soil $NO_3^{-}$-N,Available P and Available K contents were reduced by an average of 8.2%—14.9%,4.4%—19.9%,and 7.3%—24.8%,respectively,over the three-year period.In conclusion,a 35.2% reduction in chemical fertilizer,which included a 70.9% decrease in chemical phosphorus fertilizer,did not have a negative impact on yield in greenhouses with excessive fertilizer use.Additionally,the combination of "Basal dressing and topdressing" method for phosphate management enhances tomato yield in comparison to basal dressing alone.This method also reduces available phosphorus content and increases the efficiency of chemical phosphorus fertilizer utilization.

Key words: Tomato, Phosphorus fertilizer, Yield, Fertilizer utilization efficiency, Soil available nutrient

DENG Pengzhi, YUAN Shuo, TANG Jiwei, JI Hongjie, ZHANG Huaizhi, HUANG Shaowen. Effect of Different Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Pattern on the Growth and Phosphorus Fertilizer Utilization of Long-season Tomato in Greenhouse under Reduced Fertilizer Application[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(4): 162-169. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194788.

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Figures/Tables 6

Tab.1 Amount of chemical fertilizer and fertilization pattern of each treatment

处理 Treatment		化肥养分用量/(kg/hm²) Amount of chemical fertilizer nutrients			化肥磷基追比 Basal-dressed/top-dressing of phosphorus chemical fertilizer
处理 Treatment		N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CF	农户常规施肥	1 009.5	774.0	1 458.0	30:70
P1	氮钾减施25.7%,22.8%,化肥磷较农户降低50%	750.0	375.0	1 125.0	20:80
PB2	与P1等氮等钾,化肥磷较农户降低70.9%	750.0	225.0	1 125.0	100:0
PT2	与P1等氮等钾,化肥磷较农户降低70.9%	750.0	225.0	1 125.0	20:80
P3	与P1等氮等钾,化肥磷较农户降低90.3%	750.0	75.0	1 125.0	20:80
P4	与P1等氮等钾,不施化肥磷	750.0	0.0	1 125.0	20:80

Tab.2 Soil available nutrient content of each treatment mg/kg

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	硝态氮 N $O 3 -$ -N	速效磷 Available P	速效钾 Available K
2018	CF	45.5±1.4a	253.4±0.7a	756.0±37.0a
	P1	41.7±0.7a	250.6±5.8a	704.3±5.4ab
	PB2	41.3±1.1a	243.8±8.5a	609.5±19.8b
	PT2	42.2±0.7a	232.2±0.4a	635.9±5.4b
	P3	40.5±2.8a	228.3±3.4a	587.2±7.7b
	P4	41.8±1.1a	225.9±3.5a	627.6±25.9b
2019	CF	62.3±2.5a	218.6±7.5a	433.1±5.1a
	P1	58.6±4.1a	187.8±1.4b	426.0±6.2a
	PB2	56.6±1.7a	183.8±5.4b	420.5±10.1a
	PT2	56.7±1.5a	171.8±4.4b	424.0±12.6a
	P3	58.3±1.7a	170.5±3.9b	414.4±7.1a
	P4	57.7±2.4a	161.7±4.1b	392.2±5.9a
2020	CF	69.1±1.2a	243.8±6.1a	884.6±7.4a
	P1	65.5±1.6a	241.1±4.7a	808.0±8.2a
	PB2	56.2±2.1a	232.0±3.9a	837.0±18.4a
	PT2	57.7±1.3a	218.1±3.1a	853.0±21.8a
	P3	59.1±1.1a	217.8±4.6a	829.8±20.7a
	P4	61.7±4.7a	211.7±10.4a	818.3±5.7a

Tab.2 Soil available nutrient content of each treatment mg/kg

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	硝态氮 N $O 3 -$ -N	速效磷 Available P	速效钾 Available K
2018	CF	45.5±1.4a	253.4±0.7a	756.0±37.0a
	P1	41.7±0.7a	250.6±5.8a	704.3±5.4ab
	PB2	41.3±1.1a	243.8±8.5a	609.5±19.8b
	PT2	42.2±0.7a	232.2±0.4a	635.9±5.4b
	P3	40.5±2.8a	228.3±3.4a	587.2±7.7b
	P4	41.8±1.1a	225.9±3.5a	627.6±25.9b
2019	CF	62.3±2.5a	218.6±7.5a	433.1±5.1a
	P1	58.6±4.1a	187.8±1.4b	426.0±6.2a
	PB2	56.6±1.7a	183.8±5.4b	420.5±10.1a
	PT2	56.7±1.5a	171.8±4.4b	424.0±12.6a
	P3	58.3±1.7a	170.5±3.9b	414.4±7.1a
	P4	57.7±2.4a	161.7±4.1b	392.2±5.9a
2020	CF	69.1±1.2a	243.8±6.1a	884.6±7.4a
	P1	65.5±1.6a	241.1±4.7a	808.0±8.2a
	PB2	56.2±2.1a	232.0±3.9a	837.0±18.4a
	PT2	57.7±1.3a	218.1±3.1a	853.0±21.8a
	P3	59.1±1.1a	217.8±4.6a	829.8±20.7a
	P4	61.7±4.7a	211.7±10.4a	818.3±5.7a

Fig.1 Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application pattern on shoot and root of overwinter long-season tomato in greenhouse during the period 2019—2020 Different letters are significantly different among treatments at the 0.05 level within the year.The same as Fig.2.

Fig.2 Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application pattern on yield of overwinter long-season tomato in greenhouse during the period 2018—2020

Tab.3 Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application pattern on chemical phosphorus utilization efficiency

处理 Treatment	2019			2020
处理 Treatment	化肥磷利用率/% P fertilizer utilization rate	磷收获指数/% P harvest index	磷农学利用率/(kg/kg) P fertilizer agronomic utilization rate	化肥磷利用率/% P fertilizer utilization rate	磷收获指数/% P harvest index	磷农学利用率/(kg/kg) P fertilizer agronomic utilization rate
CF	0.1±0.1c	8.8±1.1b	-1.1±3.8c	10.4±1.6d	21.5±1.8a	5.0±2.3e
P1	3.9±1.9bc	9.5±0.2ab	20.5±2.0b	21.6±4.3c	24.4±2.6a	20.0±4.0d
PB2	9.2±2.7b	9.5±0.7ab	41.1±2.2a	41.2±4.2b	24.7±1.7a	40.4±1.8b
PT2	19.9±4.1a	10.5±0.3a	62.6±6.6a	56.4±1.5a	25.2±0.8a	50.1±5.0a
P3	1.6±0.8c	9.5±0.4ab	47.6±7.0a	39.6±2.0b	24.5±1.9a	33.7±3.5c
P4		8.6±1.6b			23.6±4.1a

Fig.3 Correlations of soil available nutrients,tomato biomass,phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate and tomato yield ^*.Significant correlation at the 0.05 level;^**.Extremely significant correlation at the 0.01 level.

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