The Effect of Straw Mulching and Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined Application on the Yield and CO2 Emissions of Dryland Wheat

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196031

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate suitable cultivation practices for enhancing wheat yield and reducing greenhouse gas CO₂ emissions in hilly drylands of Southwest China,this study employed a two-factor split-plot design.The main plots consisted of straw mulching(SM:8 000 kg/ha)and no straw mulching(NSM:0 kg/ha),while subplots included three nitrogen application levels:no nitrogen(N0:0),optimized reduced nitrogen(N1:120 kg/ha),and conventional nitrogen(N2:180 kg/ha),forming six treatments.The results demonstrated that SM increased wheat yield by 29.4% compared to NSM(2 a).The results of two years showed that the wheat yield of N1 treatment increased by 82.9% and 133.8% respectively compared with N0 treatment,and the wheat yield of N2 treatment increased by 84.6% and 148.9% respectively compared with N0 treatment.Compared with the NSM,the soil water content of SM in the jointing stage,flowering stage and mature stage of wheat increased by 3.31,2.78 and 2.40 percentage points(2 a),respectively.Additionally,compared with NSM,the soil bulk density of SM was significantly reduced.Straw mulching significantly elevated soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)contents,while nitrogen application increased TN content.Throughout the entire growth period of wheat,straw mulching increased the CO₂emission flux,and this flux rose in tandem with the increase in the nitrogen application rate.The cumulative CO₂emissions of the SM treatment were 45.72% higher than those of the NSM treatment.Similarly,the cumulative CO₂ emissions of the N1 and N2 treatments were 48.88% and 71.70% higher than those of the N0 treatment respectively.A further analysis of the CO₂emission intensity revealed that straw mulching had no significant impact on the CO₂ emission intensity,whereas the N1 treatment exhibited a significantly lower CO₂emission intensity than the N0 and N2 treatments.Through Mantel analysis,it was discovered that soil moisture,total nitrogen,organic carbon,and wheat yield had a significant influence on CO₂emissions.The study demonstrates that the integrated practice of straw mulching combined with 120 kg/ha nitrogen application represents the most suitable cultivation approach for wheat in hilly drylands of Southwest China,achieving optimal balance between economic viability and ecological sustainability.

Key words: Wheat, Straw mulching, Nitrogen fertilizer, CO₂ emissions, Yield, Soil physicochemical properties

CLC Number:

S512.1小麦

CHEN Songhe, TANG Zhenghao, XU Hang, ZHOU Tian, FAN Gaoqiong. The Effect of Straw Mulching and Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined Application on the Yield and CO₂ Emissions of Dryland Wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(3): 169-177. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196031.

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Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Meteorological data of wheat growing season in 2018-2020

Fig.2 The effect of combined application of straw mulching and nitrogen fertilizer on wheat yield Different lowercase letters represent significant differences between treatments(P<0.05);^**and ^* represent statistically significant differences(P<0.01 and P<0.05)between the M and N,respectively.The same as Fig.3-6,8.

Fig.3 The influence of combined straw mulching and nitrogen fertilizer application on soil moisture at different growth stages of wheat

Fig.4 The effect of combined application of straw mulching and nitrogen fertilizer on soil bulk density

Fig.5 The effect of combined application of straw mulching and nitrogen fertilizer on soil organic carbon at different growth stages of wheat

Fig.6 The effect of straw mulching combined with nitrogen fertilizer on soil total nitrogen during different growth stages of wheat

Fig.7 Effect of straw mulching combined with nitrogen fertilizer on CO₂ emission flux during wheat growth period NSMN0.No straw mulching and no nitrogen application;NSMN1.Nitrogen application of 120 kg/ha without straw mulching;NSMN2.Nitrogen application without straw mulching at 180 kg/ha;SMN0.Straw mulching without nitrogen application;SMN1.Straw mulching combined with nitrogen fertilizer application of 120 kg/ha;SMN2.Straw mulching combined with nitrogen fertilizer application of 180 kg/ha.

Fig.8 Effect of straw mulching combined with nitrogen fertilizer on CO₂ emissions and emission intensity

Tab.1 Z-scores for each indicator under the straw mulching combined with nitrogen fertilizer

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	施氮量 Nitrogen level	土壤水分 Soil moisture	土壤容重 Soil bulk density	土壤有机碳 SOC	土壤全氮 Total nitrogen	产量 Yield	二氧化碳排放量CO₂ emissions	总得分 Scores
2018-2019	NSM	N0	-1.49	0.39	-1.11	-1.66	-1.38	-1.42	-6.66
		N1	-0.54	0.86	-0.92	0.07	-0.15	-0.50	-1.17
		N2	-0.58	1.19	-0.87	0.16	-0.11	0.06	-0.16
	SM	N0	0.54	-1.00	0.84	-0.65	-0.83	-0.49	-1.59
		N1	0.86	-0.61	0.87	1.03	1.22	0.91	4.28
		N2	1.22	-0.84	1.20	1.05	1.24	1.43	5.30
2019-2020	NSM	N0	-1.40	0.43	-1.26	-1.40	-1.48	-	-5.11
		N1	-0.63	0.97	-0.77	-0.65	0.40	-	-0.68
		N2	-0.64	0.74	-0.45	0.48	0.47	-	0.60
	SM	N0	0.58	-0.80	0.20	-0.53	-1.18	-	-1.74
		N1	1.14	-0.85	1.10	0.75	0.71	-	2.86
		N2	0.95	-0.48	1.18	1.36	1.07	-	4.08

Fig.9 Relationship between CO₂ emissions and wheat yield and soil physicochemical properties

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