Drought is one of the key factors limiting the yield of japonica rice.Exploring the genetic mechanism of drought tolerance in japonica rice at the germination stage,screening drought-tolerant candidate genes,and identifying their superior haplotypes provide a theoretical basis for deciphering the drought tolerance mechanism of japonica rice at the germination stage and developing related molecular markers.139 core germplasm resources of japonica rice from Northwest China were used as materials.Japonica rice seeds after radicle emergence were subjected to simulated drought stress using 15% PEG-6000.Six drought tolerance-related traits,including relative germination rate(RGR)and relative root length(RRL),were determined.Combined with 255 501 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),genome-wide association studies(GWAS)were conducted using the general linear model(GLM),mixed linear model(MLM),and fixed and random model circulating probability unification(FarmCPU)model.Haplotype analysis was further performed based on drought tolerance phenotypic data to identify potential candidate genes.The results showed that the mean values of the six drought tolerance traits followed a normal distribution,with coefficients of variation(CV)ranging from 3.43% to 56.25%.Among these traits,the relative root and shoot dry weight(RRSDW)exhibited the largest CV and showed a significantly positive correlation with relative root length(RRL),relative shoot length(RSL),and relative root and shoot fresh weight(RRSFW).GWAS for the six drought tolerance traits using high-density SNPs detected a total of 1 164 distinct SNPs,among which 379 were regarded as high-confidence SNPs loci and 6 as quantitative trait nucleotides(QTNs).By integrating the 50 kb upstream and downstream regions of these loci,14 significant SNPs loci were screened out,corresponding to 14 reliable quantitative trait loci(QTL)candidate intervals,which were mainly significantly associated with RRSDW.Genes within these 14 intervals were further predicted and analyzed using databases.With missense mutations in exons as the criterion,the gene LOC_Os03g56130,which encodes lichenase-2 precursor,was identified.Combined with drought tolerance phenotypes,haplotype analysis of this gene revealed that 5 missense mutations in exons constituted 4 haplotypes.Among them,Hap.2 showed a significantly higher RRSDW than the other haplotypes,being identified as the superior haplotype.These findings indicate that LOC_Os03g56130 is a potential candidate gene associated with drought tolerance in japonica rice at the germination stage.
03-0001-10_pic.jpg)
The objective of this study was to identify novel major QTLs conferring plant height with breeding potential, and to screen favorable gene loci for marker-assisted selection, so as to provide theoretical basis and molecular resources for plant architecture improvement, lodging resistance improvement and high-yield breeding in wheat. A total of 162 doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from wheat cultivars AN1589 and LX6 were used as experimental materials, which exhibited significant phenotypic variation in plant height. The DH population was genotyped with the wheat 55K SNP array, and polymorphic molecular markers were screened to construct a high-density genetic linkage map. Combined with phenotypic data of plant height collected from six environments across three consecutive years, genome-wide QTL mapping was performed for plant height traits. Four environmentally stable major QTLs were detected via inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM), which were distributed on chromosomes 4B, 4D, 5D and 6D, individually explaining 7.08%-39.31% of the phenotypic variation. Among them, Qph.ahau-4B was steadily identified in all six environments and BLUP analysis, explaining 28.65%-39.31% of the phenotypic variation. This locus covered a physical interval of 20.61-22.26 Mb, flanked by markers AX-109018264 and AX-109968140, with an additive effect ranging from -9.34 cm to -8.68 cm. This QTL presented prominent genetic effect and high environmental stability, and was verified as a novel and previously unreported major dwarfing QTL by literature comparison. In conclusion, a novel major and environmentally stable QTL for plant height was successfully identified on chromosome 4B. It lays a foundation for subsequent fine mapping, gene cloning and molecular marker-assisted breeding in wheat.
03-0011-06_pic.jpg)
In order to further analyze the genetic basis regulating the protein content of super sweet corn stalk,this study used the BLINK model to locate the major SNP loci and predict candidate genes controlling the trait,based on the maize 56K gene chip.The results showed that during the harvest period of super sweet corn,the protein content of stalk ranged from 12.63 to 30.29 g/kg,with an average of 20.76 g/kg,showing a normal distribution.Six significant SNP loci regulating the protein content of super sweet corn stalk were identified by GWAS.These loci were distributed on chromosomes 1,4 and 6,and their contribution rates ranged from 10.07% to 18.17%.Among them,Affx-115330268 on chromosome 6 had the highest contribution rate.A total of 184 candidate genes were detected in the 200 kb confidence interval between the upstream and downstream of the significant association sites,of which 34 were annotated genes,accounting for 18.48%.Through GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,candidate genes were mainly involved in biological processes such as biological regulation,cellular processes,and catalytic activity,and were enriched in steroid biosynthesis,tryptophan metabolism,photosynthesis-antenna protein and other pathways.Based on the literature search and comparison,it was found that six key genes (GRMZM2G141473, GRMZM2G007854, GRMZM2G111319, GRMZM2G121024, GRMZM2G010353, GRMZM2G049547) that regulate the protein content of super sweet corn stalk,which are mainly involved in protein and enzyme synthesis.
03-0017-08_pic.jpg)
Serine hydroxy methyl transferase(SHMT) is a conserved pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion between serine and glycine. It is also an essential enzyme for nucleotide biosynthesis, folate, and amino acid metabolism, playing a critical role in plant development and enhancing the ability of crops to resist stress.The watermelon inbred line TN07011 was used as the material.ClSHM78 was cloned by RT-PCR technology and subjected to bioinformatics analysis.An overexpression vector was constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. The T3 transformed lines were subjected to low-temperature and salt stress treatments,by determining phenotypic and physiological indices, the function of ClSHMT8 in abiotic stress was explored.The results showed that ClSHMT8 was 1 749 bp in full length, encoding 582 amino acids. NCBI-CDD conserved domain prediction indicated that the protein contained a typical SHMT domain.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that this protein shares a close genetic relationship with its homologous proteins from cucumber and bitter melon.Heterologous expression of ClSHMT8 in Arabidopsis thaliana yielded three T3 lines, which exhibited significantly larger rosette leaf area, earlier flowering period, and larger seed size compared to the wild type. Under low-temperature and salt stress, the T3 plants showed significantly higher contents of soluble protein(SP) and chlorophyll(Chl), as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase(POD), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and catalase(CAT), while the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) was significantly lower than that of wild type. Taken together, ClSHMT8 not only positively regulates plant growth and development, but also enhances plant tolerance to abiotic stresses.These results demonstrate that ClSHMT8 plays an important role in the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to abiotic stress environments.
03-0025-07_pic.jpg)
In order to systematically analyze the sequence characteristics and expression pattern of BolMYC2 in broccoli,and to explore the role of BolMYC2 in response to the infection of soft rot pathogens in broccoli,the coding sequence of BolMYC2 gene was cloned by PCR amplification using broccoli cDNA as a template.The basic properties of BolMYC2 protein were analyzed by bioinformatics software.BolMYC2-EGFP fusion expression vector was constructed and transiently transformed into Nicotiana benthamiana to analyze the subcellular localization of BolMYC2 protein.The transcriptional expression characteristics of BolMYC2 in different tissues of broccoli and the transcriptional expression characteristics of BolMYC2 under the stress of soft rot pathogens were analyzed by qRT-PCR.The results showed that the coding sequence of BolMYC2 was 1 833 bp,encoding 610 amino acids.The theoretical molecular weight was 66.297 ku and the theoretical isoelectric point was 5.21.BolMYC2 was an unstable hydrophilic protein without transmembrane structure and signal peptide.Conserved domain analysis showed that BolMYC2 protein contained the conserved domains bHLH-MYC_N and bHLH_SF of MYC transcription factor family.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that BolMYC2 protein was closely related to brussels sprouts.Analysis of the cis-acting elements of the BolMYC2 promoter showed that it contained cis-acting elements involved in light response,hormone response,stress response,and multiple MYB,MYC,and WRKY transcription factor recognition elements.Subcellular localization results showed that BolMYC2 was localized in the nucleus.BolMYC2 was highly expressed in leaves and seeds.In addition,the expression level of BolMYC2 decreased first and then increased after broccoli was infected by soft rot pathogens,suggesting that BolMYC2 plays an important role in broccoli response to biotic stress.
03-0032-08_pic.jpg)
Small heat shock proteins(sHSP)play an important regulatory role as molecular chaperones in plant stress resistance.To investigate the biological function of sHSP in pepper,the heat-tolerant pepper material 17CL30 was used as the experimental material.The sHSP-encoding gene CaHSP21 was cloned and subjected to bioinformatics analysis.Its expression patterns in different tissues and under high-temperature stress were analyzed by Quantitative Real-time PCR.The results showed that the full-length CDS of CaHSP21 was 705 bp,encoding 234 amino acids.Physicochemical analysis revealed that the molecular mass and theoretical isoelectric point(pI)of CaHSP21 were 25.74 ku and 6.53,respectively,indicating it is a neutral protein.Its instability index was 37.39,it is classified as a stable protein.CaHSP21 contained the typical HSP20 domain of the sHSP family,and its secondary structure was primarily composed of random coils.Protein phylogenetic analysis showed that CaHSP21 had the closest genetic distance to Capsicum chinense and Capsicum baccatum,and they belonged to the same evolutionary branch.Tissue-specific expression analysis indicated that CaHSP21 expression was lowest in flowers and highest in fruits.Under high-temperature stress,CaHSP21 was induced by high temperature,and its relative expression level peaked after 3 hours of treatment.Subcellular localization results demonstrated that CaHSP21 was localized in the plasma membrane and cell nucleus.In conclusion,CaHSP21 is a key gene involved in pepper's response to high-temperature stress.
03-0040-08_pic.jpg)
The chloroplast genome of Cucurbita ficifolia was assembled,annotated and analyzed to reveal the phylogenetic relationship between C.ficifolia and other Cucurbitaceae plants.The Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform was used to sequence C.ficifolia,and its sequence characteristics,gene type,gene repeat sequence,codon preference and species evolution were analyzed.The chloroplast genome of C.ficifolia was 157 631 bp in length with a GC content of 37.15%.A total of 141 genes were annotated,comprising 60.99% protein-coding genes,33.33% tRNA genes,and 5.67% rRNA genes.These genes were categorized into four groups:photosynthesis-related genes,self-replication genes,other genes,and genes of unknown function.Simple sequence repeat analysis was performed on the chloroplasts of C.ficifolia,and a total of 192 SSR loci were detected.Codon preference analysis showed that there were 31 codons with RSCU values greater than 1.00,and 29 codons ended with A or U.The boundary genes of C.ficifolia were different from those of 8 other Cucurbitaceae species,and the expansion and contraction phenomena were obvious in the IR region and LSC region.The results of evolutionary analysis showed that C.ficifolia was in the same branch with C.moschata,C.maxima,C.pepo,C.argyrosperma var. palmeri,C.foetidissima,C.okeechobeensis subsp. martinezii and C.lundelliana.C.ficifolia was distant in relationship with other species of Cucurbitaceae.The chloroplast genome of C.ficifolia was assembled,and annotated with 141 genes and 192 SSR loci.Its evolutionary relationship is relatively distant with the selected Cucurbitaceae species.This study provides a theoretical basis for phyletic evolution and molecular breeding strategies in C.ficifolia.
03-0048-09_pic.jpg)
The molecular chaperone heat shock protein HSP40 binds to HSP70 through the J domain to assist in protein folding and participates in various stress responses in plants.However,the mechanism and function of NtHSP40 gene family in response to UV-B radiation remain unknown.Through bioinformatics methods,the members of the NtHSP40 gene family were identified at the whole-genome level,and phylogenetic analysis,collinearity analysis,cis-acting elements of the promoter,chromosomal localization,gene structure analysis and physical and chemical property analysis were carried out to clarify the basic characteristics of the NtHSP40 gene family.In tobacco seedlings treated with UV-B radiation,RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to investigate the eight differentially regulated genes according to the transcriptome data.The expression levels of candidate genes belonging to NtHSP40 gene family were investigated by Quantitative Real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)experiments and the total polyphenol content of metabolites was quantified by spectrometry.The results showed that there were 48 NtHSP40 genes in the genome of tobacco K326.These genes were distributed on 20 chromosomes and all encoded J domain proteins which can be further divided into three subfamilies.The variable gene structure and protein sequence characteristics indicated the diversification of the functions of the NtHSP40 gene family members.Among them,eight NtHSP40 genes responded to UV-B radiation,and was correlated with the total polyphenol content in tobacco.The research findings establish a foundation for further elucidating the functions of the NtHSP40 gene family in plant stress responses and secondary metabolism in tobacco,and for enhancing the quality of tobacco leaves.
03-0057-11_pic.jpg)
To further investigate the function of cotton basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors in salt stress response,we introduced the cotton bHLH transcription factor GhbHLH149-like(previously identified by our team)into wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation,and verified the function of GhbHLH149-like transcription factor in Arabidopsis.Protein structure prediction indicated that the secondary structure of GhbHLH149-like protein is mainly composed of α-helice and random coil,and it was a non-transmembrane hydrophilic protein.Quantitative Real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)results showed that the expression level of the GhbHLH149-like gene in transgenic Arabidopsis was significantly higher than wild-type.The results of phenotypic and physiological index assays indicated that the seed germination rate and root length of transgenic seedlings were significantly higher under salt stress,and the growth performance of transgenic seedlings was markedly better.Meanwhile,the contents of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)and superoxide anion(O2-)were significantly lower,whereas the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity was significantly higher in the transgenic lines.Taken together,GhbHLH149-like gene can significantly enhance the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis,presumably by participating in reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging.This study lays a theoretical foundation for the in-depth dissection of the molecular mechanism of cotton GhbHLH149-like gene in salt stress response.
03-0068-07_pic.jpg)
In order to determine the genetic law of the first flower node in kenaf,an F2 population consisting of 148 individual plants was developed from the inbred lines K215 and K89,which showed significant differences in the first flower node position.The high-density genetic linkage map of kenaf was constructed using RAD-seq for bin marker genotyping.The map contained 3 418 bin markers unevenly distributed on 18 chromosomes,with a total genetic distance of 864.61 cM and an average genetic distance between markers of 0.25 cM.Based on the phenotypic data and genetic map of the first flower node,the first flower node QTL named FFN6 was detected using an interval mapping method.This QTL was located on chromosome 6,with a LOD value of 8.66,a phenotypic contribution rate of 13.77%,and an additive effect value of -19.97.The results indicated that the allele locus comes from the paternal K215 and had a negative regulatory effect on the first flower node.Based on the gene annotation information within the QTL mapping interval,seven candidate genes were preliminarily screened and obtained.The qRT-PCR results showed that under short-day conditions,the expression levels of Hc-bHLH6 and Hc-MYB6 genes significantly increased.The function of the two genes promotes the flowering of kenaf plants,which may be closely related to the node of the first flower of kenaf plants.
03-0075-07_pic.jpg)
AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE 5(AIL5)is one of the key genes regulating plant growth and development during somatic embryogenesis.To explore the function of the AbAIL5 gene in the somatic embryogenesis of Amorphophallus bulbifer and to accelerate its molecular breeding process,the AbAIL5 gene was cloned from the bulbils of A.bulbifer,and its nucleotide sequence and protein structure were analyzed using bioinformatics tools.The open reading frame(ORF)of AbAIL5 was 654 bp in length,encoding 217 amino acids.Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the AbAIL5 protein was a hydrophilic protein containing a conserved AP2 superfamily domain,without transmembrane domains or signal peptides.Phylogenetic analysis showed that AbAIL5 was most closely related to that of Platanthera zijinensis.Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the protein resides specifically within the cell nucleus.Regarding expression patterns,qRT-PCR analysis revealed that AbAIL5 was expressed in the aerial parts(leaves,petioles,and bulbils)of A.bulbifer,with higher expression levels observed in the early stages of bulbil development.The relative expression levels in petioles,leaves,and bulbils were 1.00,0.55,and 1.42,respectively.For functional verification,an AbAIL5 overexpression vector was constructed and transformed into A.bulbifer callus mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.After 30 days of culture,the AbAIL5 overexpression group showed significantly increased growth rates and germination numbers,as well as an improved overall survival rate compared with the control group.At 70 days,plant growth in the overexpression group was significantly superior to that of the control.qRT-PCR results confirmed that the expression level in the overexpression group was 5.34-fold higher than that of the control.These results indicated that AbAIL5 facilitates adventitious bud differentiation and callus proliferation,providing a theoretical basis for revealing the function of AbAIL5 in the development of A.bulbifer and for improving its genetic transformation efficiency.
03-0082-09_pic.jpg)
To determine the optimum strip configuration for the intercropping of soybean and maize with different border-row advantages,the field experiments were carried out in two distinct ecological regions,Jian'an District of Xuchang City and Shangshui County of Zhoukou City,Henan Province.The experimental materials included two maize varieties with strong border-row advantage(MC121 and Denghai 3206(DH3206)),and two with weak border-row advantage(Haoyu 16(HY16)and MY73),previously screened,and one soybean variety Jindou 99(JD99).Two strip intercropping patterns were established∶6 rows of soybeans alternating with 4 rows of maize(6S4M)and 4 rows of soybeans alternating with 2 rows of maize(4S2M).Sole cropping of soybeans(CKS)and maize(CKM)were set as the controls.This study investigated the variations in maize agronomic traits,dry shoot weight,yield and its components of each row under different strip patterns,and compared the differences of land equivalent ratio(LER).The results showed that the LER was greater than 1 in 12 of the 16 treatments formed by two strip configurations for four maize varieties in the two ecological regions,and the LER of maize varieties HY16 and MY73 was greater than 1 under each strip configuration at two sites.The LER of MC121 and DH3206,with strong border-row advantage,was higher in strip type of 4S2M than that of 6S4M.In contrast,the LER of HY16,with weak border-row advantage,was higher in strip type of 6S4M than that of 4S2M,while it was opposite for MY73.Under 6S4M planting pattern,stem diameter,canopy light transmittance,chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents in ear leaf and leaf below the ear of maize variety DH3206 decreased with the increase of border row order;bottom light transmittance,chlorophyll b content in ear leaf and leaf below the ear of maize variety MC121 decreased with the increase of border row order in two experimental sites.The yield of maize varieties MC121 and DH3206 with strong border-row advantage in Jian'an District and Shangshui County decreased by 23.71%,27.00% and by 20.03%,9.05%,respectively.The dry shoot weight per plant of the edge row-2 at maturity decreased by 15.87%,19.93% and by 13.82%,24.56%,respectively,compared with the edge row-1.In contrast,there was no significant change in yield and dry shoot weight per plant at maturity between the edge row-1 and the edge row-2 of maize varieties with weak border-row advantage.In conclusion,the average LER of varieties with weak border-row advantage is higher than those with strong border-row advantage under the same strip configuration,and maize yield difference between intercropping and monoculture is seriously affected by variety type.Therefore,screening and matching suitable maize varieties is essential for improving the yield and benefit of soybean-maize strip intercropping system.
03-0091-16_pic.jpg)
To clarify the effects of different nitrogen application treatments on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of kidney beans,in 2023 and 2024,four nitrogen fertilizer treatments,0(N0),45(N45),90(N90),and 135 kg/ha(N135),were set up using British Red kidney bean as experimental material to analyze the effects of different nitrogen treatments on the leaf area index,relative chlorophyll content,aboveground dry matter weight,yield components and planting benefits.The results showed that under the nitrogen fertilizer treatment of 0-135 kg/ha,the photosynthetic characteristics,aboveground dry matter weight,and yield of kidney bean increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level.All indicators were significantly higher in N135 and N90 treatments than in N45 and N0 treatments.The leaf area index,relative chlorophyll content,aboveground dry matter weight,number of pods per plant,number of grains per pod,100-grain weight,and yield of kidney beans were all the highest compared to the N0 treatment,increasing by 14.71%-19.09%, 15.06%-19.45%, 25.37%-51.58%, 13.62%-18.20%, 8.50%-10.11%, 12.11%-16.35%,and 16.94%-18.03%,respectively;the average yield was 3 202.99 kg/ha.The increase in the above indicators under N90 treatment was second only to that under N135 treatment,which were 12.18%-17.15%, 13.87%-17.97%, 17.51%-31.45%, 12.03%-16.37%, 6.32%-7.91%, 9.88%-13.69%, and 16.23%-17.77%,respectively.Under the N90 treatment,the planting net profit of kidney bean was the highest,at 45 596.85 yuan/ha,followed by the N135 treatment.Compared with the N0 treatment, the net profit increased by 16.63% under N90 and by 16.56% under N135.Applying nitrogen fertilizer improves photosynthetic characteristics and promotes dry matter accumulation by increasing leaf area index and relative chlorophyll content,thereby increasing yield and planting benefit.The highest yield of kidney beans was achieved under the N135 treatment,followed by the N90 treatment.The N90 treatment resulted in the highest profit for kidney beans.In terms of comprehensive kidney bean yield and profit,90 kg/ha nitrogen application treatment(N90)is the nitrogen fertilizer application amount that ensures stable and high yield of kidney bean and maximizes planting profit,and can be promoted and applied in the central regions of Inner Mongolia.
03-0107-09_pic.jpg)
To investigate the effects of salicylic acid(SA)spraying on potato physiology and yield under reduced basal fertiliser conditions,with a view to providing technical reference for hormone regulation to improve potato yield.The potato variety Dongnong 310 was used as the test material,and the field experiment was conducted using the randomised block group method.Five treatments were set:conventional basal fertiliser(T1),50% reduction of basal fertiliser(T2),50% reduction of basal fertiliser+spraying of 6.9 mg/L SA(T3),50% reduction of basal fertiliser+spraying of 13.8 mg/L SA(T4)and 50% reduction of basal fertiliser+spraying of 27.6 mg/L SA(T5).Samples were taken at the early tuber formation,late tuber formation,tuber growth stage and starch accumulation stage,and plant height,stem thickness,relative chlorophyll content,photosynthetic parameters,fluorescence kinetic parameters,canopy coverage and yield were determined.The results showed that under weight loss treatment,spraying salicylic acid could promote potato growth and increase yield per unit area.Among the four SA treatments in the same period,T3 and T4 treatments could increase potato plant height,stem thickness,Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)and starch content;and T4 and T5 treatments could increase potato canopy coverage,Fv/Fm,maximum electron transport rate(ETRmax), and half-saturated light intensity(Ik).Spraying different concentrations of SA had a significant effect on the yield of potato tuber under the weight-loss treatments,and T1,T3,T4,and T5 treatments were significantly higher than T2,increasing 36.74%,27.35%,29.83%,22.96%.The number of potatoes produced per plant was highest in T1 treatment,followed by T4,and the difference between the two was not significant,and T1,T3,and T4 treatments were 33.47%,28.28%,and 30.29% higher than T2.Single plant yield of T1,T3,T4 and T5 treatments increased by 35.19%,27.87%,28.76%,23.39% compared to T2.The commercial potato rate T3 and T4 increased by 3.67, 3.72 percentage points compared with T2,and the differences were significant.In summary,exogenous SA increased the Pn,Tr and Gs of potato leaves under 50% reduction of basal fertilizer treatment,and increased the yield per unit area,and the spraying of 13.8 mg/L SA in the pre-tuber formation stage could effectively alleviate the adverse effects of reduced basal fertilizer on the growth and yield of potato.
03-0116-11_pic.jpg)
This study aims to elucidate the specific functions and mechanisms of Brassinosteroids(BRs)in regulating branching development in Petunia hybrida cv.Mitchell Diploid.Using a combination of exogenous hormone application,decapitation experiments,gene expression analysis,and transgenic validation,it systematically investigated the regulatory role of BR in branching.The results showed that exogenous BR application did not overcome apical dominance to induce axillary bud outgrowth,but significantly promoted subsequent bud elongation.BR exhibited functional redundancy with cytokinin(CK)during bud elongation and acted synergistically with gibberellin(GA).Decapitation rapidly activated the expression of BR signaling pathway genes,with the transcript levels of PhBRI1 and PhBZR1 increasing by 4.2-fold and 9.5-fold at 6 hours post-decapitation,and further rising by 34.3-fold and 51.4-fold at 24 hours,respectively.The PhBZR1 gene was cloned,revealing a full-length sequence of 834 bp encoding 277 amino acids,containing a conserved BZR domain and a nuclear localization signal.Tissue-specific expression analysis indicated that PhBZR1 expression was highest in the roots.Overexpression of PhBZR1 significantly increased the branch number in transgenic plants,confirming its positive regulatory role in branching development.This study reveals that BR regulates branching through the PhBZR1-mediated signaling pathway and elucidates its synergistic mechanisms with CK and GA,providing a novel molecular target and theoretical foundation for improving plant architecture in horticultural crops.
03-0127-08_pic.jpg)
To investigate the responses of different types of wheat to various nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio compound fertilizers in the Huaihe River region,in terms of photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield and quality,four wheat varieties(Zhongke 166,Yannong 999,Huaimai 43,Shannong 17)were selected as experimental materials.Two types of compound fertilizers were set up:high-nitrogen compound fertilizer(N-P2O5-K2O=26-13-7)and equal-proportion compound fertilizer(N-P2O5-K2O=18-18-18).The effects of different compound fertilizer treatments on the photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield and quality of each wheat variety were analyzed.The results showed that compared with the equal-proportion compound fertilizer,the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer significantly increased the LAI,SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate and photochemical efficiency of the four varieties,delayed leaf senescence,and prolonged photosynthetic time;it also increased the dry matter accumulation at the flowering and maturity stages,optimized the dry matter distribution ratio,and ultimately increased the grain yield by 4.5% to 14.9%,with protein and wet gluten contents increasing by 1.36% to 8.17% and 3.55% to 9.36% respectively.The response of different varieties to the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer varied slightly,with Yannong 999 having the best overall performance,the largest increase in SPAD value and LAI,the highest net photosynthetic rate and yield,the highest dry matter distribution ratio at the maturity stage,and significant quality improvement;Zhongke 166 had the largest yield increase,the highest protein content and wet gluten content;Huaimai 43 had the highest increase in grain dry matter accumulation;Shannong 17 had the weakest response to the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer,but its yield was still 9.3% higher than that of the equal-proportion compound fertilizer.In summary,the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer showed significant advantages in the photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield and quality of different types of wheat.Among them,Yannong 999 had the best overall performance.
03-0135-13_pic.jpg)
In order to clarify the effects of climate change and organic fertilization on soil nitrogen cycling,a soybean field experiment was conducted in Hefei, Anhui from June to November 2023. Field warming was simulated using infrared radiation warming equipment, and two temperature levels(T0:Ambient temperature;T1:Warming)and different fertilization managements(SF:Synthetic fertilization;OF:Organic fertilization),and determined the effects of warming and organic fertilization on nitrification and denitrification processes and their drivers by investigating soil physicochemical properties,the relative contributions of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)and archaea(AOA)to the nitrification potential,denitrification capacity and N2O/(N2O+N2)ratio,as well as soil respiration in combination with enzyme activity measurements.The results showed that warming significantly decreased soil moisture(2.3 precentage points),organic carbon(22.7%),total phosphorus(23.8%),N
03-0148-10_pic.jpg)
Application of nitrogen fertilizer can change the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil,thereby affecting heavy metal uptake by crops.To explore the effect of nitrogen fertilizer with different ammonium-nitrate ratios on cadmium(Cd)uptake by pakchoi and nitrogen use efficiency in Cd-contaminated soil,a pakchoi pot experiment was conducted to examine the changes in the height and biomass of pakchoi,soil inorganic nitrogen content,soil pH,soil available Cd content,pakchoi Cd content,total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content in pakchoi,and the nitrogen use efficiency after applying nitrogen fertilizers with different ammonium-nitrate ratios(10∶0, 8∶2, 6∶4, 5∶5, 4∶6, 2∶8, and 0∶10).The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly promoted pakchoi growth.The height and biomass of pakchoi in the treatments of the combined application of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen fertilizers were increased by 2.5%-32.8% and 45.0%-66.8%,respectively,as compared to the treatment of single application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer.Nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased inorganic N contents in the soil,the combined application of ammonium-nitrate nitrogen reduced the ammonium nitrogen and alkaline nitrogen content by 6.6%-71.9% and 10.1%-27.1%,as compared to the treatment of single application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer.However,there was no significant difference in nitrate nitrogen content among the nitrogen application treatments.When the proportion of ammonium nitrogen in nitrogen fertilizer was higher than that of nitrate nitrogen,soil pH was decreased by 0.03-0.18,and soil available Cd content and Cd content in pakchoi were increased by 3.0%-10.9% and 4.3%-33.2%,respectively,as compared to the CK treatment.When the proportion of nitrate nitrogen was higher than that of ammonium nitrogen,soil pH was increased by 0.11-0.62.The soil available Cd content and Cd content in pakchoi was decreased by 3.8%-13.1% and 7.9%-17.7%,respectively,as compared to the CK treatment.The higher the proportion of nitrate nitrogen,the lower the soil available Cd content and pakchoi Cd content.The total nitrogen content of pakchoi in the treatments with nitrogen fertilizer application was increased by 38.5%-78.6%,as compared to the CK treatment,the higher the proportion of nitrate nitrogen in nitrogen fertilizer,the higher the content of nitrate in pakchoi.Compared with the treatment of single application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer,the combined application of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen significantly increased the physiological use efficiency,agronomic use efficiency,and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer by 61.5%-125.3%,182.1%-270.1%,and 45.0%-66.8%,respectively.In general,application of nitrogen fertilizer with different ammonium-nitrate ratios increased soil inorganic nitrogen content,promoted pakchoi growth and nitrogen uptake.Increasing the proportion of nitrate nitrogen in nitrogen fertilizers significantly improved nitrogen use efficiency.Application of nitrogen fertilizer with a dominant proportion of ammonium nitrogen increased the bioavailability of Cd in soil,and promoted uptake of Cd by pakchoi.Increasing the proportion of nitrate nitrogen in nitrogen fertilizer can effectively inhibit the uptake and enrichment of soil Cd by pakchoi.
03-0158-11_pic.jpg)
To investigate suitable cultivation practices for enhancing wheat yield and reducing greenhouse gas CO2 emissions in hilly drylands of Southwest China,this study employed a two-factor split-plot design.The main plots consisted of straw mulching(SM:8 000 kg/ha)and no straw mulching(NSM:0 kg/ha),while subplots included three nitrogen application levels:no nitrogen(N0:0),optimized reduced nitrogen(N1:120 kg/ha),and conventional nitrogen(N2:180 kg/ha),forming six treatments.The results demonstrated that SM increased wheat yield by 29.4% compared to NSM(2 a).The results of two years showed that the wheat yield of N1 treatment increased by 82.9% and 133.8% respectively compared with N0 treatment,and the wheat yield of N2 treatment increased by 84.6% and 148.9% respectively compared with N0 treatment.Compared with the NSM,the soil water content of SM in the jointing stage,flowering stage and mature stage of wheat increased by 3.31,2.78 and 2.40 percentage points(2 a),respectively.Additionally,compared with NSM,the soil bulk density of SM was significantly reduced.Straw mulching significantly elevated soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)contents,while nitrogen application increased TN content.Throughout the entire growth period of wheat,straw mulching increased the CO2 emission flux,and this flux rose in tandem with the increase in the nitrogen application rate.The cumulative CO2 emissions of the SM treatment were 45.72% higher than those of the NSM treatment.Similarly,the cumulative CO2 emissions of the N1 and N2 treatments were 48.88% and 71.70% higher than those of the N0 treatment respectively.A further analysis of the CO2 emission intensity revealed that straw mulching had no significant impact on the CO2 emission intensity,whereas the N1 treatment exhibited a significantly lower CO2 emission intensity than the N0 and N2 treatments.Through Mantel analysis,it was discovered that soil moisture,total nitrogen,organic carbon,and wheat yield had a significant influence on CO2 emissions.The study demonstrates that the integrated practice of straw mulching combined with 120 kg/ha nitrogen application represents the most suitable cultivation approach for wheat in hilly drylands of Southwest China,achieving optimal balance between economic viability and ecological sustainability.
03-0169-09_pic.jpg)
This study aimed to clone the wheat leaf rust resistance-related gene TaRLKS.2 and detect the kinase activity of its expressed protein,in order to lay a foundation for further exploring the mechanism of TaRLKS.2 in wheat resistance against Puccinia triticina infection and to provide new genetic resources for wheat leaf rust resistance breeding.Using cDNA from the leaf rust-resistant near-isogenic line TcLr26 as a template,the full-length coding region of TaRLKS.2 was cloned.The domain structure of the TaRLKS.2 protein was analyzed using GSDS 2.0 software.A pET28a-TaRLKS.2 prokaryotic expression vector was constructed,and the TaRLKS.2-His fusion protein was induced with IPTG,followed by purification using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography.The kinase activity of the expressed TaRLKS.2 protein was detected using the phosphorylation substrate MBP and Western Blotting.The results showed that the coding region of TaRLKS.2 was 2 244 bp in length,encoding a protein containing two kinase domains with conserved kinase active centers and ATP-binding sites,exhibiting typical characteristics of the RLCK family.Under conditions of 28 ℃ and 0.25 mmol/L IPTG,the TaRLKS.2-His recombinant protein was induced to form soluble protein.After adding the substrate MBP,ATP,phosphate buffer,and protease inhibitors to the purified recombinant protein,the reaction was carried out at 30 ℃ for 30 min.Detection with an anti-phospho-Ser/Thr-Pro antibody confirmed that TaRLKS.2 possesses protein kinase activity.It is speculated that TaRLKS.2 may regulate wheat immune pathways by phosphorylating downstream signaling components,thereby enhancing wheat resistance to leaf rust.
03-0178-07_pic.jpg)
In order to identify the pathogenic source of Tomato chlorosis virus disease and clarify the taxonomic status of Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV)in the Shijiazhuang area of Hebei Province,an analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of diseased samples collected from the Tomato Planting Base in Dahe Town,Shijiazhuang,was conducted.Additionally,an efficient method for ToCV identification was established.The published ToCV sequences in NCBI database were selected for similarity analysis,and the full-length RNA1 and RNA2 sequences of ToCV,Heat-shock protein 70 homologue(Hsp70h)and coat protein(CP)sequences were used to construct the phylogenetic tree.The results showed that the nucleotide(nt)sequences of RNA1 and RNA2 of the ToCV-SJZ shared 85.2% and 92.4% similarity,respectively,with the corresponding sequences of the ToCV-XS Taiwan strain,indicating the closest genetic relationship.The evolutionary analysis showed that ToCV could be divided into two clades,one represented by the Florida strain and the other by the Taiwan strain.According to the CP gene sequences of ToCV-SJZ,ToCV-XS and ToCV-Florida strains,a RT-qPCR assay system based on SYBR Green Ⅰ was established.In conclusion,this study clarifies the taxonomic status of the ToCV-SJZ isolate and provides technical support for the identification of disease-resistant germplasm resources and scientific prevention and control.
03-0185-13_pic.jpg)
A novel microdroplet digital PCR(ddPCR)assay was developed for rapid and quantitative detection of Pseudomonas amygdali pv.lachrymans(Pal),the causative agent of cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot disease.A specific primer pair Pal-F/R and probe Pal-Pro targeting the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(gap1)gene were designed.The annealing temperature,primer and probe concentrations,and specificity and sensitivity tests of ddPCR were optimized.The results showed that the optimal annealing temperature was 61.2 ℃ and the optimal final concentrations of the primers and the probe were 600,250 nmol/L,respectively.The ddPCR assay demonstrated high sensitivity,with a detection limit of 2.7 copies/μL for genomic DNA.A total of 32 samples of bacterial ooze,greenhouse roof water droplets,and leaf margin guttation fluids collected from asymptomatic leaf lesions in diseased and healthy cucumber greenhouses were detected via ddPCR assay,Pal was detected in 26 samples,which was 3 more than the results obtained by the TaqMan qPCR,indicating that the ddPCR assay exhibits higher sensitivity for early detection compared to qPCR.The ddPCR assay developed in this study is highly specific and sensitive,providing a reliable technical approach for absolute quantitative detection of Pal and is of great significance for the early diagnosis warning of the cucumber bacterial angular spot disease.
03-0198-10_pic.jpg)
It aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of grape pomace in feed on serum antioxidant indicators,blood metabolites,and metabolic pathways in beef cattle,with the goal of providing theoretical support for enhancing antioxidant function and production performance through dietary intervention.Twenty healthy 12-month-old Simmental beef cattle were randomly divided into four groups,each with five replicates.The control group received a basal diet,while experimental groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 10%(Group A),20%(Group B),and 30%(Group C)grape pomace for 40 days.At the end of the trial,serum antioxidant parameters were measured for each animal,and metabolomic analysis was conducted.Adding 20% grape pomace(Group B)significantly increased superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity while markedly decreasing catalase(CAT)activity.Adding 30% grape pomace(Group C)extremely significantly increased SOD levels and significantly elevated total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)levels.Compared to the control group,metabolomic analysis of Group C(30%)revealed 16 differentially upregulated metabolites.Among these,five metabolites-fumaric acid,phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, 4-chlorothiourea acid, and compounds containing unsaturated double bonds.Among the 14 downregulated differential metabolites,those involved in antioxidant functions included methyl gallate,L-phenylalanine betaine,and N,N-diethyl-4-hydroxybenzamide.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified six pathways associated with antioxidant responses:amino acid metabolism,oxidative phosphorylation,lipid metabolism,ABC transporter pathways,cofactors and vitamins,and energy metabolism.The results indicate that supplementing the diet with 30% grape pomace significantly enhances the oxidative-antioxidant indicators SOD and T-AOC in Simmental beef cattle.This effect is achieved by regulating metabolites such as fumaric acid and methyl gallate,thereby influencing metabolic pathways including amino acid metabolism and ultimately boosting the cattle's antioxidant capacity.
03-0208-09_pic.jpg)
The aim was to clone the IGF-1 gene of Gannan yak,conduct bioinformatics analysis and detect its expression pattern in different tissues,so as to provide a reference for studying its function.Taking the cDNA of testicular tissue of Gannan yaks as the template,the CDS region of the IGF-1 gene was amplified by PCR,and then bioinformatics analysis was carried out.Subsequently,Quantitative Real-time PCR(RT-qPCR)was used to detect its expression patterns in heart,liver,lung,kidney,spleen,muscle,testicular and adipose tissues.The results showed that the CDS region of the IGF-1 gene was Gannan yak was 567 bp in total length and encoded 188 amino acids.The molecular formula of IGF-1 protein was C907H1464N272O265S17,with an isoelectric point of 9.72 and an instability index of 69.91,which belonged to unstable proteins.The IGF-1 protein was a hydrophilic secreted protein containing signal peptides.It was mainly located outside the cell and contained 10 O-glycosylation and 19 phosphorylation sites.The secondary structure was mainly composed of random coil and α-helix.It interacted with proteins such as IGF1R,IGFBP3,INSR and IGFBP1.The results of RT-qPCR showed that the expression level of IGF-1 gene in the liver of Gannan yak was extremely significantly higher than that in other tissues,and the expression levels in the spleen and fat were extremely significantly higher than those in the lungs,testicles and muscles.
03-0217-08_pic.jpg)
This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of spermatogenesis and address the decline of semen quality in male animals by analyzing the transcriptome data of the testicles of large and small Blcattle black cattle and mining the key genes and microRNAs(miRNAs)related to spermatogenesis.Six 12-month-old black cattle testicular tissues were collected from Blcattle black cattle as experimental animals,and the testicles were divided into large and small testis groups according to testicular weight,length diameter and short diameter.The whole transcriptome library was constructed,and the differential expression genes(DEGs)were screened with |log2(Fold Change)|≥1 and FDR<1 as the threshold,and the differential expressed microRNAs(DEMs)were screened with |log2(Fold Change)|≥1 and P≤0.05 as the threshold.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis screened the biological items and pathways that affect spermatogenesis,weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA)screened the gene groups associated with testicular traits,integrated protein protein interaction(PPI),and finally screened out candidate genes related to spermatogenesis and predicted to target DEMs.The results showed that a total of 3 935 DEGs(2 049 up-regulated,1 886 down-regulated)were screened in the transcriptome library,and the differentially annotated genes of GO function were significantly enriched in signal transduction and MAPK cascade.KEGG showed that FGFR3,NFKB1,MAP3K5 and TAB1 were significantly enriched in the MAPK cascade and sphingolipid signaling pathway,and 6 762 and 295 genes were strongly correlated with testicular size,respectively.The integration of PPI protein-protein interaction identified 20 differential genes with high connectivity.Combined with the small RNA library,the above four candidate genes were screened for targeting miRNAs,namely FGFR3(Bta-mir-296-5p),NFKB1(Bta-mir-15b),MAP3K5(Bta-mir-375)and TAB1(Bta-mir-15b,Bta-mir-11988 and Bta-mir-7180).Real-time PCR verification showed that the expression levels of Bta-mir-15b,Bta-mir-375,TAB1 and MAP3K5 were higher in the testis,and the expression of other genes and miRNAs was lower in the testis.In summary,20 candidate genes and five candidate miRNAs related to spermatogenesis were screened,among which TAB1 and Bta-mir-15b,MAP3K5 and Bta-mir-375s may be important candidate genes and miRNAs affecting spermatogenesis.
03-0225-14_pic.jpg)
Bimonthly, Started in 1962
CN 13-1101/S
ISSN 1000-7091
CODEN: HHUOA6
Responsible Institution: Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Sponsored by: the Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Agricultural Association of Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Henan and Inner Mongolia.
Editor-in-chief: Qiang Zhang
Edited and Published by: Editorial Department of Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica
《Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica》Official Website
Wechat Official Account
Copyright © 2022 《Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica》
