Previous omics analysis revealed that the ERF transcription factor OsDERF1 in rice responds to water stress.To explore the mechanism by which this transcription factor regulates the improvement of water use efficiency under water and nitrogen coupling in rice,this study further analyzed its expression pattern under partial root-zone drying(PRD)and coupling conditions of different nitrogen forms,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of OsDERF1 regulating water use in rice under water and nitrogen coupling.The conventional rice variety Meixiangzhan 2 from Guangdong Province was used as the experimental material.Three water treatments(CK,PRD,PEG)and three ammonium/nitrate nitrogen ratios(A100/N0,A0/N100,A50/N50)were applied in a combined manner.The expression pattern of OsDERF1 in the root,stem,and leaf tissues of rice was analyzed.The structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of the OsDERF1 encoded protein were analyzed by bioinformatics methods.The results showed that the full length of the OsDERF1 coding region was 732 bp,encoding 243 amino acids.The molecular weight of the encoded protein was 25.97 ku,the theoretical isoelectric point was 4.77,the instability index was 54.36,and the average hydrophilicity coefficient was -0.475.Based on these characteristics,the protein was an unstable hydrophilic protein.Subcellular localization results showed that OsDERF1 was located in the nucleus,and the protein sequence contained an AP2 conserved domain,indicating that OsDERF1 was a nuclear transcription factor.qRT-PCR results showed that OsDERF1 was expressed in the root,stem,and leaf tissues of rice,but there were tissue expression differences:the relative expression level in the root was significantly higher than that in the leaf and stem.Further analysis of the effects of different treatments on the expression in each tissue revealed that the relative expression level in the root was the highest under PRD-L and A50/N50 coupling treatment.In summary,the relative expression level of the OsDERF1 transcription factor in the root tissue of rice was the highest under PRD and A50/N50 nitrogen form coupling treatment,and the expression level under stress conditions in the root was significantly higher than that in the non-stressed root.Based on this,it is speculated that OsDERF1 may respond to dual signals of water and nitrogen through the root tissue and participate in the molecular regulation mechanism of rice under drought stress.
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To investigate the mechanism of exogenous trehalose in mitigating drought stress in aromatic rice,this study used Daohuaxiang 2 as experimental material and simulated drought stress with 15% polyethylene glycol-6000(PEG-6000).Three trehalose spray treatments were applied at concentrations of 5,10,and 15 mmol/L(T1,T2,T3),with well-watered(CK,sprayed with water)and drought-stressed(D,sprayed with water)conditions as controls.Temporal changes in growth and physiological parameters of seedlings were systematically analyzed and combined with transcriptome sequencing to elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanisms.The results showed that the 5 mmol/L trehalose treatment(T1)exhibited a significant alleviating effect during the late stress stage(12 d),with soluble protein and proline contents in leaves reaching 5.47 and 0.132 mg/g,respectively,significantly higher than those in the D treatment.Under the T1 treatment,the ascorbic acid(AsA)content and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)peaked,with SOD and CAT activities significantly increased by 30.10% and 91.84%,respectively,compared with the D treatment.In contrast,the superoxide anion production rate and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were significantly lower in T1 than in D,with reductions of 55.10% and 14.68%,respectively.A Z-score comprehensive evaluation based on morphological and physiological parameters revealed that the T1 treatment had the highest comprehensive evaluation value of 455.18,which was 184.65% and 44.02% higher than that of D and CK,respectively.Transcriptome analysis indicated that the T1 treatment regulated 1 451 differentially expressed genes,which were significantly enriched in pathways such as photosynthesis-antenna proteins,glutathione metabolism,and MAPK signaling pathways.Key genes including OsFPPS,OsGSTF1,OsTPP1,and OsWRKY69 were upregulated,while negative regulators such as OsPP2C73 were downregulated.In conclusion,exogenous application of 5 mmol/L trehalose effectively alleviated drought stress in Daohuaxiang 2 seedlings by enhancing osmotic adjustment and antioxidant capacity,while coordinately regulating ABA signaling,MAPK signaling pathway,and endogenous trehalose metabolism-related genes.These findings provide a theoretical basis and molecular targets for drought-resistant cultivation of aromatic rice and the development of trehalose-based stress resistance agents.
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To accelerate the genetic improvement of wheat in Guyuan,Ningxia,an F2 mapping population was developed from a cross between the self-bred line 1404-1 and the introduced line Ly-1.Using liquid chip sequencing,we identified major quantitative trait loci(QTLs)governing spike traits in wheat.The results revealed that the genetic map of the wheat F2 population spanned 3 442.215 cM and comprised 4 808 SNP markers.A total of 37 QTLs for plant height,spike length,grain weight per plant,grain number per main spike,100-grain weight,grain perimeter,grain length and grain width were detected on 11 chromosomes.These QTLs explained 7.2% to 15.3% of the phenotypic variation,with seven of them classified as major QTLs.Furthermore,five QTL clusters associated with spike traits were detected on chromosomes 2A,6A,6D,7A and 7B,respectively.Notably,the cluster Ta-multi7B-1 harbored two major QTLs,qPH7B.1 and qSL7B.1,with the favourable allele contributed by the introduced parent Ly-1.Ta-multi7B-1 is a prime target for molecular marker-assisted breeding,introgression of this locus into local superior strains,represents a promising strategy to enhance yield and accelerate the process of molecular breeding for wheat improvement in Guyuan,Ningxia.
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This study aims to generate polyclonal antibodies against GhENODL6,a member of the early nodulin-like (ENODL) family, to elucidate its biological function in cotton defense against V. dahliae and provide a technical tool for subsequent mechanistic analyses.The previously identified GhENODL6 gene was used as the experimental material,encoding a 139-amino-acid protein containing a signal peptide,transmembrane domain,and ENODL functional domain.To enable soluble expression,the transmembrane domain was truncated,and the modified gene was cloned into the pET-30a vector to construct the recombinant plasmid pET-30a-ENODL6Δ.Expression conditions were systematically optimized,and the highest yield of recombinant protein in inclusion bodies was achieved with 0.50 mmol/L IPTG at an initial OD600 of 0.8,followed by induction at 25 ℃ for 5 hours.The target protein was purified via Ni-NTA affinity chromatography under denaturing conditions with urea,yielding a purity exceeding 90%.Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits using the purified protein as antigen,achieving a serum titer of 1∶102 400.Western Blot analysis confirmed that the antibody specifically recognizes GhENODL6 with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 20.47 ku.In summary,this study has established a robust prokaryotic expression and purification system for GhENODL6 and generated a high-affinity polyclonal antibody,providing a valuable tool for investigating its protein interactions,subcellular localization,and potential role in disease resistance signaling pathways.
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To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying core browning regulation in Yali pears at different maturity stages,qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression patterns of seven PbMYB transcription factor genes during storage in Yali pears.The complete coding sequences of PbMYB1-PbMYB7 were cloned and their transcriptional activation activities were evaluated using a yeast one-hybrid system.PbMYBs exhibited distinct temporal and maturity-specific expression profiles.Compared with those at 0 d,in early-harvested pears,PbMYB1,PbMYB4,PbMYB5,PbMYB6 and PbMYB7 were significantly up-regulated in the core at 120 d,reaching peak expression levels.In late-harvested pears,seven genes were upregulated,PbMYB2 and PbMYB3 became the predominant genes at 210 d.Mid-harvested pears showed relatively stable expression of all seven genes.At 240 d,the browning index of mid-harvested pears was the lowest(0.59),significantly lower than that of early- and late-harvested pears,and was closely correlated with the relative expression levels of the seven transcription factor genes.The full-length CDS of PbMYB1-PbMYB7 were successfully cloned,yielding fragments of 2 937,960,5 088,2 052,891,972,and 2 133 bp,respectively,as confirmed by sequencing.Self-activation assays of the seven transcription factors showed that three were successfully evaluated;PbMYB2 and PbMYB6 exhibited self-activation activity,whereas PbMYB5 did not.The self-activation of PbMYB2 and PbMYB6 suggests their potential roles as transcriptional activators,providing critical target genes for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of core browning and developing novel anti-browning germplasm.
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To facilitate germplasm identification and molecular breeding applications in Oriental melon(Cucumis melo ssp.agrestis),this study screened highly polymorphic SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism)loci based on resequencing data from 27 C.melo ssp.agrestis and 5 C.melo ssp.melo core breeding accessions,and developed a set of high-quality KASP(Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR)markers.A total of 60 KASP markers were uniformly designed across 12 chromosomes from 1 195 candidate SNPs.Validation using 32 breeding accessions revealed that 42 markers(70.0%)successfully generated clear and reliable genotyping clusters.Furthermore,28 optimal markers with distinct clustering and high stability were selected.Cluster analysis was highly consistent with traditional morphological classification,validating the population genetic structure of melon breeding materials at the molecular level.Using the optimal marker set,a digital fingerprint database was constructed for the 27 C.melo ssp.agrestis and 5 C.melo ssp.melo breeding accessions,and the fingerprint information of each accession was encoded into a QR code to facilitate rapid identification and management.In conclusion,the developed KASP marker system can efficiently distinguish the 27 C.melo ssp.agrestis core breeding accessions with high specificity and practicality,providing reliable technical support for future germplasm evaluation,variety identification,and marker-assisted breeding in C.melo ssp.agrestis.
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To elucidate the metabolic regulatory mechanisms underlying the heat stress response in watermelon seedlings, this study utilized the heat-sensitive variety D27 and the heat-tolerant variety K53 as experimental materials. By combining metabolomic analysis with physiological measurements of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, we investigated the differential responses of these two watermelon cultivars to heat stress. The results revealed seven common differential metabolites under heat stress, while 26 distinct differential metabolites were identified between the two heat-tolerant cultivars. The alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolic pathways were significantly activated, and the levels of L-aspartate and L-glutamate were markedly upregulated. In terms of carbon metabolism, the heat-tolerant variety K53 exhibited significantly increased contents of soluble sugars, sucrose, fructose, and starch, whereas heat-sensitive variety D27 showed a decrease in starch content. Regarding nitrogen metabolism, heat inhibited nitrate reductase activity; in the heat-sensitive variety D27, significant accumulation of ammonium nitrogen occurred, whereas in the heat-tolerant variety K53, ammonium nitrogen accumulation was reduced through the maintenance of high glutamate synthase activity(GOGAT), and the GS/GOGAT cycle exhibited greater stability. In conclusion, this study reveals that differential regulation of amino acid metabolism and carbon-nitrogen metabolism constitutes key metabolic pathways underlying watermelon heat tolerance, and that the stability of the GS/GOGAT cycle represents an important heat-tolerance mechanism. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the breeding of heat-tolerant watermelon varieties and the enhancement of agricultural productivity.
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It aimed to elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying stamen development in Chinese narcissus.Based on our group's previous transcriptome data from stamens of the Chinese narcissus cultivar Jinzhanyintai from the Narcissus Research Group led by Ma Yanjun,a TGAL11 homologous sequence that is specifically and highly expressed in stamens was identified.This gene was cloned and designated NtTGAL11.Sequence analysis showed that the full-length coding sequence of NtTGAL11 was 1 020 bp,encoding a protein of 339 amino acids with a molecular mass of 38.072 31 ku.NtTGAL11 was a basic,hydrophilic protein predicted to be predominantly composed of αhelices and random coils,and it contained both a bZIP domain and a DOG1 domain.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that NtTGAL11 was most closely related to AtTGA9 and AtTGA10.Subcellular localization assays confirmed that NtTGAL11 was targeted to the nucleus.RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that NtTGAL11 was highly expressed in the stamens of Jinzhanyintai but was expressed at low levels in other floral organs,as well as in the petaloid stamens of the double-flowered cultivar Yulinglong,consistent with the transcriptomic data.Bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)assays further showed that NtTGAL11 physically interacted with the AGAMOUS-class MADS-box protein NtMADS6.Taken together,these findings suggest that NtTGAL11 might promote stamen development by modulating the spatiotemporal expression of AG-like genes,and its expression pattern underscores a key regulatory role in stamen morphogenesis in Chinese narcissus.
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The cannabinoids in hemp have rich pharmacological activities.The olivetol synthase(CsOLS)gene of hemp is a key enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of olivetolic acid(OA),a precursor substance of cannabinoids.To further investigate the expression regulation of the CsOLS gene,the promoter sequence of the CsOLS gene(CsOLSp)was cloned.Its transcriptional initiation site(TSS)and cis-elements were analysed through bioinformatics.The truncated fragments about 500 bp of CsOLSp,namely CsOLSp1,CsOLSp2,and CsOLSp3,were cloned and constructed into yeast one-hybrid bait vectors,followed by transformation into yeast cells and autoactivation assays.A cDNA library constructed from female hemp flowers and leaves was used for yeast one-hybrid screening.Candidate proteins obtained from the screening were subjected to one-to-one interaction validation,domain analysis,and molecular docking analysis.The results showed that the 1 500 bp promoter sequence of CsOLS gene was successfully cloned,which contained multiple hormone-responsive elements,light-responsive elements,and transcription factor binding sites.Autoactivation assays indicated that CsOLSp1 and CsOLSp3 were suitable for subsequent yeast library screening.Through primary and secondary screening,the numbers of proteins interacting with CsOLSp1 and CsOLSp3 were determined to be 5 and 7 respectively.One transcription factor was obtained from each,namely CsAHL14 and CsAHL15.One-to-one interaction assays confirmed that CsAHL14 interacted with CsOLSp1,while CsAHL15 interacted with CsOLSp3.Domain analysis revealed that CsAHL14 belonged to class B of the AHL family,whereas CsAHL15 belonged to class A.Molecular docking analysis further demonstrated that CsAHL14 exhibited strong binding affinity to the TTATTTTTTAT sequence.It was speculated that the transcription factor CsAHL14 might participate in the expression regulation of the CsOLS gene by specifically binding to the TTATTTTTTAT cis-acting element in the CsOLSp promoter,and play an important role in the cannabinoid biosynthesis process of hemp.
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To address the challenge of limited summer maize yield improvement caused by soil salinization and infertility in the coastal low plain of North China,it integrated an Integrated Agronomic Measures(IAM)package(including optimized varieties,moderate densification,controlled-release fertilization,post-flowering topdressing,and delayed harvesting).It further explored the yield-increasing effect of IAM combined with organic manure(IAM+OM)on summer maize in saline-alkaline and infertile farmland.In 2024 and 2025,three treatments were set up in a typical representative area:IAM,IAM+OM,and Farmers' Traditional Practice(FP).The study systematically analyzed the effects of different treatments on soil nutrient and salt migration,maize dry matter accumulation and distribution,and yield components.The results showed that compared with the FP treatment, the IAM+OM treatment significantly increased soil organic matter by 0.20 percentage points.At maturity,the salt content in the 0-40 cm soil layer under IAM+OM was significantly 0.25 percentage points lower than that under FP. At the flowering stage,soil nitrate nitrogen content under IAM and IAM+OM increased by 17.9% and 35.4% respectively compared with FP;the SPAD values of IAM and IAM+OM were significantly 4.9% and 5.5% higher than those of FP.At the flowering and maturity stages,the dry matter weight of IAM increased by 19.9% and 20.6% respectively compared with FP;post-flowering dry matter accumulation under IAM increased by 20.8% compared with FP.On a two-year average,compared with FP,IAM significantly increased the number of harvested ears by 9.7% and 1000-grain weight by 8.3%;IAM increased yield by 11.8%,and IAM+OM increased yield by 18.1%(both reaching significant levels).IAM combined with organic manure(IAM+OM)significantly improves soil physical and chemical properties,enhances nutrient supply,inhibits salt accumulation,and promotes post-flowering dry matter accumulation and yield formation.This technical model provides a feasible approach for improving summer maize productivity in light saline-alkaline and infertile farmland in water-deficient areas of the North China Plain.
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To investigate the dialogue mechanism of continuous cropping concerning agronomic traits,yield and quality characteristics,and rhizosphere nutrient dynamics in peanuts,and to mitigate the constraints imposed by continuous cropping obstacles on the high oleic acid peanut industry.A test field with 4 years of continuous cropping was selected for the experiment,utilizing JNH-12,a high-oleic peanut variety suitable for single-seed sowing.To enhance rhizosphere nutrient availability and improve soil microbial environments,four pre-sowing treatments were applied:600 kg/ha of calcium oxide(CaO),300 kg/ha of bio-bacterial fertilizer(BF),nutrient seed dressing agent(N),and conventional fertilization(CK).This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different nutrient treatments on overcoming continuous cropping obstacles in high oleic acid peanuts.The research findings revealed that the SPAD values of the three nutrient treatments were significantly higher than those of the control group at both the flowering stage and podding stage.This result indicated delayed leaf senescence and enhanced photosynthetic accumulation efficiency.The main stem height treated with CaO increased by 35.6% compared to the control,data point distribution of the CaO-treated clustering Class Ⅲ group and yield component factors is the most concentrated.These outcomes suggested that CaO could effectively alleviate the inhibitory effects of continuous cropping on high oleic acid peanut.Additionally,the application of conditioning agents during the podding period increased the number of active root nodules and the dry weight of root nodules per plant,promoting the absorption of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)from the soil by peanuts.After harvest,the soil treated with N exhibited significantly lower levels of ammonium nitrogen(8.1 mg/kg),available phosphorus(9.6 mg/kg),and available potassium(249.3 mg/kg)compared to the control,with relatively minor effects on product quality.All three nutrient treatments alleviated continuous cropping obstacles,with CaO demonstrating the most pronounced effect.Continuous application of nutrients during peanut cultivation can effectively alleviate such obstacles.In practical agricultural production,planting objectives and requirements should be comprehensively considered,and multi-factor combined measures should be adopted to mitigate continuous cropping obstacles in high oleic acid peanuts.This study provides valuable insights and critical references for the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases associated with continuous cropping peanuts.
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To investigate the effects of ethephon at different concentrations on physiological changes during fruit ripening of pigment pepper,the pigment pepper cultivar Jinjiao 801 was used as the test material.During 2024-2025,six concentrations of ethephon,namely 0(CK),200(T200),400(T400),600(T600),800(T800)and 1 000 mg/L(T1000),were sprayed on fruits before harvest.Seven indicators including dry matter weight,firmness,water content,soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,vitamin C content and fruit color parameters of pigment pepper fruits were measured at five sampling time points after spraying.The results showed that ethephon spraying reduced water content and fruit firmness of pigment pepper fruits,promoted the accumulation of vitamin C,soluble sugar and soluble protein,altered fruit coloration,and accelerated fruit color turning.Across the five sampling time points in 2024-2025,the fruits treated with 600 mg/L ethephon exhibited significantly higher vitamin C,soluble sugar and soluble protein contents than those of the CK,with all three indicators reaching the maximum values at each corresponding sampling time.At 15 days after treatment,the T600 treatment significantly accelerated fruit ripening of pigment pepper,and decreased fruit water content and firmness.Compared with CK,the two-year average reduction rates were 4.88 percentage points and 32.11%,respectively.Meanwhile,T600 treatment increased the contents of vitamin C,soluble sugar and soluble protein,with two-year average increments of 28.27%,31.74% and 72.64% relative to CK.In conclusion,600 mg/L ethephon is the optimal concentration for spraying on pigmented pepper plants.This treatment can significantly regulate fruit ripening and color change,and further improve the fruit quality of pigment pepper.
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To clarify the appropriate nitrogen application rate for the wheat-maize rotation system in the Taihang Mountain piedmont plain,this study conducted a 22-year field experiment with four treatments:no nitrogen application(N0),150 kg/ha for wheat and 75 kg/ha for maize(N1),250 kg/ha for wheat and 150 kg/ha for maize(N2),and 350 kg/ha for wheat and 225 kg/ha for maize(N3).The effects of nitrogen application rates on crop yields,annual energy yield,nitrogen accumulation,and nitrogen recovery efficiency were analyzed.The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased the yields of wheat and maize and the annual energy yield in the wheat-maize rotation system.Compared with the N0 treatment,nitrogen applied treatments increased the annual wheat yield by 2 857.81 to 3 226.11 kg/ha;the average annual maize yield increased by 2 302.37 to 2 611.64 kg/ha.Compared with the N0 treatment,the annual energy yield of the nitrogen application treatments increased by 74.59 to 84.30 GJ/ha on average,with an increase of 56.54% to 64.15%.The annual sustainability index was highest under N2 treatment,increasing by 2.56% and 0.21% compared to N1 and N3 treatments,respectively.However,the yield stability index decreased by 0.14 and 1.77 percentage points,respectively,indicating that the N3 treatment significantly reduced yield stability in the wheat-maize rotation system.Nitrogen application significantly increased the annual average nitrogen accumulation by 128.14% to 165.83% in single-season wheat, by 32.66% to 54.19% in single-season maize, and by 68.10% to 95.78% in the annual rotation.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the nitrogen recovery efficiency decreased significantly.In the wheat season,the N1,N2,and N3 treatments were 64.65%,49.96%,and 32.66%,respectively;in the maize season,they were 73.45%,59.00%,and 36.34%,respectively.Considering the yield,nitrogen use efficiency,and sustainability,it is proposed that the appropriate nitrogen application rates for wheat and maize in the wheat-maize rotation system in the Taihang Mountain piedmont plain are 233.49 to 247.42 kg/ha and 145.35 to 150.89 kg/ha,respectively,with a total annual nitrogen application rate of 378.84 to 398.31 kg/ha.This can achieve a double win of crop yield and economic benefits,and maintain stable annual production capacity.
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To investigate the effects of drip application of water-soluble fertilizers under shallow buried drip irrigation on the growth and yield of winter wheat,field experiments were conducted from 2022 to 2024.The experiments considered two factors:irrigation water volume and fertilization schemes.Irrigation water volume was set at two levels:high and low.The fertilization schemes included traditional base fertilizer+urea as the control F0,50% base fertilizer+water-soluble fertilizer F1,0 base fertilizer+water-soluble fertilizer F2,100% base fertilizer+water-soluble fertilizer F3,and 100% base fertilizer+water-soluble fertilizer+organic fertilizer(50% humic acid+40% fulvic acid)F4,totaling five levels.The results showed:compared to the control treatment,reducing base fertilizer by 50% increased plant height,stem diameter,leaf area index(LAI),SPAD value,and yield by 5.02%,13.81%,12.26%,0.16%,and 8.82%,respectively,while the 0 base fertilizer treatment resulted in reduced wheat yield.Compared to urea application,using water-soluble fertilizers increased wheat plant height,stem diameter,LAI,SPAD value,and yield by 5.48%,18.91%,18.49%,2.65%,and 6.05%,respectively.Adding organic fertilizer to water-soluble fertilizers further increased plant height,stem diameter,LAI,SPAD value,and yield by 2.89%,4.88%,5.69%,3.05%,and 6.74%,respectively.Compared to low irrigation water volume,high irrigation water volume increased wheat stem diameter,LAI,and SPAD value by 5.79%,13.94%,and 8.74%,respectively,and wheat yield by 7.23%.Reducing base fertilizer by 50% resulted in the highest profit for wheat,while maintaining base fertilizer application and replacing urea with water-soluble fertilizers reduced profits due to increased costs.Adding organic fertilizer to water-soluble fertilizers increased wheat profits.In conclusion,the combination of water-soluble fertilizers with shallow buried drip irrigation technology has a positive impact on wheat growth.The fertilization schemes of reducing base fertilizer by 50% and applying water-soluble fertilizers,or replacing urea with water-soluble fertilizers and adding organic fertilizer,provide feasible pathways for high wheat yields.
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This study aimed to clarify the yield components and the characteristics of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)uptake and utilization of wheat at different yield levels in Henan Province.A sampling survey was conducted from 2023 to 2025 in 78 farmer fields across four counties in Anyang City,Henan Province.Based on grain yield,the samples were divided into low-yield,medium-yield,and high-yield groups to compare yield components,N,P and K accumulation and translocation characteristics,as well as their uptake and production efficiencies.The results showed that the grain yields of the high-yield groups were 23.6%-53.5% and 10.6%-24.2% higher than those of the low-yield and medium-yield groups,respectively.The primary reason was that the high-yield group significantly increased biomass compared to the medium-yield and low-yield groups,increased spike numbers and 1000-grain weight compared to the low-yield group,and increased spike numbers compared to the medium-yield group in low-yield year.Compared to the low-yield group,the medium-yield and high-yield groups showed significantly higher N accumulation at anthesis and maturity stages,P accumulation at anthesis,and pre-anthesis N and P translocation in both years,but other characteristics of N and P accumulation and translocation were not significant or were significant in only one year.Compared to the medium-yield group,the high-yield group exhibited a significant increase in biomass by 13.4%-24.4%,while the yield components had no significant difference except the spike numbers significantly increased by 8.6% in 2024-2025.In the higher yield year of 2023-2024,compared to the medium-yield group,the high-yield group showed significant decreases of 106.7%,15.1 percentage points and 11.5% in the post-anthesis P accumulation and contribution rate of post-anthesis P accumulation,and P requirement for producing 100 kg grains,respectively.In the lower yield year of 2024-2025,compared to the medium-yield group,the high-yield group showed significant increases in N accumulation at anthesis,maturity,and post-anthesis,and P accumulation at anthesis and maturity,pre-anthesis N translocation amount,contribution rate of pre-anthesis N translocation amount,as well as pre-anthesis P translocation amount by 39.5%,27.3%,17.0%,37.3%,27.3%,33.4%,3.2 percentage points,36.6%,respectively;phosphorus and potassium uptake efficiencies were significantly improved by 46.3% and 17.1%,respectively.Correlation analysis indicated that wheat yield was significantly positively correlated with spike number,grain number per spike,1000-grain weight,biomass,N accumulation at anthesis and maturity,and pre-anthesis N and P translocation amount in both years.Therefore,higher spike number,1000-grain weight,biomass,N accumulation at anthesis and maturity,and pre-anthesis N and P translocation amount are the key characteristics of high-yield wheat in Henan Province.
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Twenty-six bacterial strains were isolated and screened from the rhizosphere soil of maize in medium-low yield fields in Gaocheng District,Shijiazhuang,Hebei Province.After evaluating their plant-growth-promoting(PGP)traits, Pseudomonas rhodesiae M11,which exhibited the best overall performance,was selected for pot experiments at three cell densities(1.0×105,1.0×107and 1.0×109CFU/mL)to assess its effects on maize growth and on the structure and function of the rhizosphere microbiome in medium and low yield fields.The results showed that compared with CK(sterilized medium),different concentrations of M11 fermentation broth significantly promoted the growth of maize seedlings,and the treatment with 1.0×107CFU/mL had the best effect,and the plant height,aboveground and root biomass of maize were significantly increased.At the same time,this treatment significantly increased the activity of urease and catalase in rhizosphere soil.Metagenomic analysis showed that inoculation with M11 increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Sphingomicrobium,Nocardioides and Lysobacter in soil,and enhanced the topological complexity of soil microbial symbiotic network.Under the condition of poor soil in medium-low yield fields,P.rhodesiae M11 may directly promote the growth of maize by dissolving phosphorus,fixing nitrogen or secreting secondary metabolites such as indole-3-acetic acid and siderophore.It may also increase the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms and the abundance of genes related to growth promotion such as phosphorus solubilization and nitrogen fixation by increasing the activity of growth-promoting enzymes in maize soil and improving the microbial community structure,thereby providing a favorable growth environment for maize,indirectly promoting the growth and development of maize,and providing technical support for the increase of maize yield in medium-low yield soils.
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To clarify the differences in the responses of different quality types of peanut kernel quality to nitrogen application rate,three peanut cultivars were used in this study,including high oil cultivar Yuanza 9102(YZ9102),high protein cultivar Zhuhua 2(ZH2),and conventional cultivar Yuhua 23(YH23).Five nitrogen application rates were established,including 0,75,150,225,and 300 kg/ha.The effects of nitrogen application rate on kernel nutritional quality,functional components,and volatile flavor compounds were investigated.The results showed that nitrogen application rate significantly affected the protein content and protein yield of peanut kernels.For three cultivars,the protein content and protein yield increased first and then tended to be stable with the increase of nitrogen application rate,225 kg/ha nitrogen treatment had the best overall performance.There were significant differences in protein content and protein yield among different varieties,both of which were the highest in ZH2.Nitrogen application rate also significantly affected oil content and oil yield.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,oil content generally decreased,whereas oil yield increased first and then tended to be stable or decreased slightly,150 kg/ha nitrogen treatment was better.There were significant differences in oil content and oil yield among different varieties,both of which were the highest in YZ9102.The proportions of oleic acid and linoleic acid markedly responded to nitrogen application rate.When nitrogen application rate ranged from 0 to 150 kg/ha,the proportions of oleic acid and linoleic acid changed substantially,but tended to be stable with further increase of nitrogen application rate.Sucrose content was mainly affected by variety,YH23 had the highest value,while the effect of nitrogen application rate was not significant.In terms of functional components,resveratrol content decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,whereas resveratrol yield increased first and then decreased.For YZ9102 and ZH2,the optimal nitrogen application rate for resveratrol yield was 150 kg/ha.Among cultivars,ZH2 had the highest resveratrol content and yield.Calycosin content showed clear differences among growth stages and varieties,and increased rapidly at 90 days after flowering.For YH23,calycosin content was the highest under 75 kg/ha nitrogen treatment.A total of 47 volatile flavor compounds were identified by GC-IMS.Compared with the no-nitrogen treatment,esters and some alcohols showed relatively clear responses under 75 kg/ha nitrogen treatment,involving compounds such as ethyl acetate,methyl acetate,ethyl propionate, and 1-pentanol;under 150 kg/ha nitrogen treatment, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and some nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds showed pronounced responses, including 2,3-butanedione, 2,3-pentanedione, acetoxyethanol, tetramethylpyrazine, pyridine, and 2-methylbutanol;under the 225 kg/ha nitrogen treatment,some compounds with high retention times or specific odor characteristics showed distinct responses,including dimethyl disulfide,2-ethylfuran, ethylbenzene, o-xylene,n-butylcyclohexane,ethyl 2,3-dihydrocinnamate,and butyric acid.Comparisons among varieties showed that YZ9102 exhibited prominent responses in aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones related to lipid oxidation;ZH2 showed marked responses in esters,alcohols,and sweet aroma-related ketones;YH23 displayed distinct responses in heterocyclic compounds,sulfur-containing compounds,and compounds associated with specific odors.Overall,the response of peanut kernel quality to nitrogen application rate varies by quality indicator and cultivar,nitrogen application rate of 225 kg/ha is suitable for improving protein quality,whereas 150 kg/ha is more appropriate for regulating oil quality,and the optimization of nitrogen application rate for functional components and flavor quality needs to be combined with cultivar characteristics.
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To investigate the synergistic enhancement mechanism of applying fulvic acid-potassium organic complex on tomato yield,quality,and soil microenvironment under supplemental lighting,two light environments(white light, W;red-blue light, T)and four amendment treatments(no amendment,KB;decomposed corn straw,KF;ordinary fulvic acid, KP;fulvic acid potassium organic complex,KS)were established.The effects of different treatments on soil enzyme activities,physicochemical properties,rhizosphere solution nutrients,root morphology and physiology,photosynthetic characteristics,and fruit yield and quality were systematically studied.The results showed that compared with the W-KB treatment,the T-KS treatment increased soil urease,sucrase,and catalase activities by 45.71%,57.88%,and 17.25%,respectively.The contents of soil organic matter,available zinc and iron increased by 63.61%,53.55% and 46.85% respectively, while the pH value and EC value decreased by 3.62% and 15.65%, respectively. The concentrations of zinc and iron in the rhizosphere solution increased by 75.12% and 88.18% respectively,and the pH of the solution decreased by 4.22%.The root length and root system vitality increased by 27.86% and 85.93% respectively.The net photosynthetic rate and maximum photochemical efficiency increased by 40.94% and 3.40% respectively. Ultimately,T-KS treatment increased the number of fruits per plant,the single fruit weight,and the yield per plant by 25.46%,16.54%,and 45.93% respectively. At the same time,it significantly improved the fruit quality,increasing the contents of soluble solids,vitamin C,lycopene and soluble sugar by 20.61%, 32.27%, 30.75%, and 29.56% respectively. The titratable acid content decreased by 10.93%,while the sugar-acid ratio increased by 45.42%.Correlation and principal component analyses showed that all measured indicators had significant effects on yield and quality.Structural equation modeling revealed that,under red-blue light,the complex exerts synergistic effects through the pathway of “soil enzyme activity-rhizosphere micro-environment-root development-photosynthetic performance-fruit enhancement”.In conclusion,applying the complex under red-blue light improves soil nutrients,promotes root development and photosynthetic performance,and thereby enhances tomato yield and quality.
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To investigate the effects of silicon fertilizer on lodging resistance and grain yield of naked oats,a randomized block design was adopted.Using the lodging-resistant variety Baiyan 2 and the lodging-susceptible variety Zhangyou 9 as materials,a field experiment was conducted in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,from 2024 to 2025.Five silicon fertilizer treatments were applied:0(CK),30(Si30),60(Si60),90(Si90),and 120 kg/ha(Si120).Measurements and analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of different silicon fertilizer treatments on lodging rate,grain yield,stem strength,and stem material composition of naked oats.The results showed that silicon fertilizer had a highly significant effect on the lodging rate of naked oats,compared with CK,the lodging rates of Baiyan 2 and Zhangyou 9 under the Si60 treatment were reduced by an average of 37.53 and 33.20 percentage points.Over the two-year period,the grain yield of Baiyan 2 peaked under the Si90 treatment,showing an average increase of 19.06% compared to CK;the grain yield of Zhangyou 9 peaked under the Si60 treatment,showing an average increase of 28.09% compared to CK.Silicon fertilizer improved the morphology of the second basal internode.Compared with CK,it significantly reduced the second internode length of naked oats by 19.82%;increased the second internode diameter of naked oats by 18.17%;and increased the second internode wall thickness of naked oats by 41.77%.Silicon fertilizer significantly enhanced the mechanical strength of naked oat stems,compared with CK,the stem breaking resistance,stem puncture strength,and stem crushing strength of naked oats increased significantly by 27.78%,24.39%,and 16.33%.Silicon fertilizer exerted a highly significant effect on the cellulose and silicon content in the second basal internode of naked oats.Compared with CK,it increased the cellulose content and silicon content in the second basal internode by 3.63% and 11.32%.The above results indicate that for lodging-resistant naked oat varieties,applying silicon fertilizer at 90 kg/ha ensures the highest grain yield while maintaining lodging resistance,and for lodging-sensitive varieties,applying silicon fertilizer at 60 kg/ha achieves the highest levels of both lodging resistance and grain yield.
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To investigate the effects of nitrogen(N)reduction and the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide(DCD)on mitigating soil acidification in red soil regions of Southern China,a pakchoi pot experiment was conducted with four N management treatments:no fertilizer(NF),conventional fertilizer(CF),reduced N fertilizer(NFR),and conventional fertilizer plus DCD(CF+DCD).Soil physicochemical properties,nitrification potential(NP),and amoA gene abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)and bacteria(AOB)were measured.The results showed that,compared with CF(pH 4.25;NH4+-N 97.6 mg/kg;NO3--N 46.6 mg/kg),NFR and DCD application significantly increased soil pH by 0.21 and 0.42,respectively,increased NH4+-N content by 13.0 and 27.5 mg/kg, and decreased NO3--N content by 22.8 and 44.9 mg/kg. Relative to CF(NP:20.68 mg/(kg·d)), NFR did not significantly alter NP,whereas CF+DCD significantly reduced NP by 20.3 mg/(kg·d).AOA and AOB amoA abundances differed significantly among treatments:compared with CF(AOA:1.33×105copies/g;AOB:34.55×105copies/g), NFR and DCD significantly increased AOA-amoA abundance by 125.56% and 353.08%, and significantly decreased AOB-amoA abundance by 25.64% and 97.83%,respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that AOA-amoA abundance was highly significantly negatively correlated with exchangeable H+and Al3+acidity and with apparent nitrification rate, and significantly positively correlated with soil pH. In contrast,AOB-amoA abundance exhibited highly significant positive correlations with nitrification potential, apparent nitrification rate,and NO3--N content,and a highly significant negative correlation with soil pH.In conclusion,NFR and DCD application alleviated soil acidification by increasing pH and reducing exchangeable acidity.This effect was primarily achieved through suppression of AOB abundance and nitrification activity,thereby reducing the potential environmental risk of nitrate accumulation.DCD exhibited superior performance,highlighting its application value for ameliorating soil acidification.
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Wheat leaf rust is a significant disease affecting wheat production in China.The Hebei wheat cultivar Henong 5290 exhibits good resistance to wheat leaf rust.190 recombinant inbred lines(RILs)derived from a cross between 06Dn23 and Henong 5290 through consecutive selfing were used as experimental materials for mapping leaf rust resistance genes.Seedling-stage resistance identification was first conducted on this RIL population using artificial inoculation.Combined with molecular marker detection and wheat 55K SNP array scanning,linkage analysis was performed to mine seedling-stage leaf rust resistance genes.Subsequently,multi-environment investigations of leaf rust resistance at the adult plant stage were carried out.By integrating field phenotypic data and genotypic data,quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping for leaf rust resistance at both seedling and adult plant stages was completed in this RIL population.The results showed that the known seedling resistance genes Lr1 and Lr13,and one novel gene,temporarily designated LrHN52,were identified in the population.QTL mapping at the adult plant stage revealed four leaf rust resistance QTLs located on wheat chromosomes 1B,5A,and 7D,temporarily named QLr.hbau-1B,QLr.hbau-5A,QLr.hbau-7D.1,and QLr.hbau-7D.2.Among them,QLr.hbau-1B was stably identified across all environments and was close to the previously reported QLr-WorldAdult-1BS.2 locus,suggesting it may be the same QTL.QLr.hbau-5A was stably expressed in all environments and was proposed to be a novel leaf rust resistance QTL.QLr.hbau-7D.1 was detected in only a single environment and may represent a novel locus.Through marker detection and analysis of the physical positions of linked SNP markers,QLr.hbau-7D.2 was confirmed to be the known leaf rust resistance gene Lr34.
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This study aimed to establish a rapid,simple assay suitable for on-site detection of Bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV)in grassroots settings.The BVDV 5'UTR was selected as the target to design RAA(Recombinase-aided amplification)primers,probes,and crRNA.An RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a detection system was built and optimized,and its reaction conditions,sensitivity,specificity,and repeatability were evaluated.Clinical samples(100 feces,30 blood,30 ear tissue samples)were tested using RT-qPCR for comparison.The results showed that primer F3R2 achieved the optimal amplification efficiency for RAA at 43 ℃.Optimal crRNA and Cas12a concentrations in the CRISPR/Cas12a system were 25.0,12.5 nmol/L.Specificity tests showed the method could detect BVDV-1a and BVDV-1b subtypes without cross-reaction with BVDV-2 or other common bovine viral diarrhea pathogens.The detection limit for plasmid standards was 2.1 copies/μL.Intra- and inter-assay CVs were 2.6%-5.8%,2.5%-5.5%,showing good repeatability.Clinical sample testing revealed infection with the BVDV-1b subtype. The concordance rates relative to the RT-qPCR reference method were 96% for fecal samples, 100% for blood samples, and 100% for ear margin tissue samples, indicating good overall consistency. In summary,the RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a method for BVDV detection shows high sensitivity and excellent specificity,offering reliable technical support for rapid on-site diagnosis of BVDV.
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To investigate the expression and distribution patterns of AGBL5 in the testis and epididymis tissues of Bactrian camels,as well as its regulatory role in seasonal reproduction,this study focused on AGBL5,a differentially expressed gene identified through transcriptomic screening,using tissues from the testis and epididymis of Bactrian camels during the breeding season and non-breeding season,using H&E staining,immunofluorescence(IF),Real-time Quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)and Western Blot to examine the expression of the AGBL5 gene in testicular and epididymal tissues at different developmental stages.Sequencing results indicated that the AGBL5 gene was highly expressed at mRNA level in testicular tissue during the non-breeding season.H&E results showed that the lumen of the seminiferous tubules in testicular tissue was larger during the breeding season than during the non-breeding season,with a large number of spermatozoa present.The walls of the epididymal ducts were thicker during the breeding season,whereas the opposite was true during the non-breeding season.Spermatozoa were observed during both the breeding and non-breeding seasons;in epididymal tissue,the thickness of the epididymal duct walls increased during the breeding season,and the surrounding connective tissue appeared loose;during the non-breeding season,the epididymal duct walls were thinner and the connective tissue was denser,whilst a large accumulation of spermatozoa was visible within the lumen of the epididymal tail.qRT-PCR results showed that in testicular tissue,the mRNA expression level of the AGBL5 gene was significantly higher during the non-breeding season than during the breeding season.In epididymal tissue,the mRNA expression levels of the AGBL5 gene in both the head and tail of the epididymis were significantly higher during the non-breeding season than during the breeding season,while the mRNA expression levels in the body of the epididymis were significantly lower during the non-breeding season than during the breeding season.Western Blot results showed that AGBL5 protein expression levels were consistent with the trends observed for mRNA expression.IF results showed that the AGBL5 protein exhibited varying degrees of fluorescent expression signals in testicular interstitial cells,sertoli cells,epididymal epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells.In summary,the results suggest that the differential expression of AGBL5 may be closely related to testicular development and sperm maturation,laying a data foundation for further investigation into the role of AGBL5 in the regulation of seasonal reproduction in male Bactrian camels.
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Bimonthly, Started in 1962
CN 13-1101/S
ISSN 1000-7091
CODEN: HHUOA6
Responsible Institution: Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Sponsored by: the Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Agricultural Association of Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Henan and Inner Mongolia.
Editor-in-chief: Qiang Zhang
Edited and Published by: Editorial Department of Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica
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