Effects of Different Straw Zonation on Soil Water and Heat Status and Yield of Winter Wheat in Dryland Areas of Northwest China

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195338

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of different mulching measures on soil moisture and heat status and yield of winter wheat in northwest dry area,winter wheat Kangzhuang 974 was used as test material.From September 2022 to July 2023,three different coverage treatments including wheat straw strip covering three rows(M3),four rows(M4)and five rows(M5)and plastic film covering(PM)treatment were set up in the experimental base of Gansu Agricultural University,The open field(CK)was used as the control.The results showed that:compared with CK,the soil water storage of 0—200 cm during the whole growth period of winter wheat was significantly increased by mulch,the average increase of straw strip mulch was 13.22%,the increase range was M3>M4>M5,and the PM increased by 19.65%.The soil moisture increasing effect of mulch increased gradually with the progress of growth stage,and the maximum increase was 37.53—87.76 mm at maturity stage.It decreased with the deepening of soil layer,and the increase of 0—20 cm was the largest,ranging from 5.10—9.48 mm.Mulching significantly reduced the total water consumption and total water consumption intensity during the whole growth period,and the influence of mulching on water consumption and total water consumption intensity during the later growth period was most obvious.Compared with CK,wheat straw strip mulching significantly reduced the soil temperature of 0—25 cm during the whole growth period by 1.60—2.70 ℃,and M3 treatment had the largest decrease.The maximum decrease occurred at the grouting stage(3.67 ℃),and the maximum decrease between soil layers(3.01 ℃)occurred at 5 cm.Compared with CK,PM significantly increased the soil temperature from 0 to 25 cm during the whole growth period by 1.50 ℃,and the overwintering period and 5 cm had the largest increase,which were 2.20,1.79 ℃,respectively.The temperature of straw mulch increased at 7:00 at wintering stage,jointing stage and ripening stage,and the temperature increased and decreased at other times.PM temperature increased at all time except at 14:00 in grouting stage and ripening stage.Compared with CK, the yield and water use efficiency of M5 and PM were increased by 8.67%, 26.49% and 0.96, 2.94 kg/(ha·mm), panicle number was the most significant factor(CV=17.67%).Yield was significantly positively correlated with spike number(r=0.754^**),WUE(r=0.891^**)and soil temperature(r=0.723^**),and significantly positively correlated with grain number per spike(r=0.522^*).Banded mulching of wheat stalk can achieve both ecological and economic benefits,and M5 is more conducive to the formation of yield.

Key words: Winter wheat, Straw banded mulch, Soil moisture, Soil temperature, Production, Water use efficiency

CLC Number:

S512.1小麦

LI Baozhan, ZHOU Meng, DONG Zhixiang, SHEN Longqiang, MA Peng, CHEN Hui, TUO Mingwen, ZHANG Senyu, CHANG Lei, CHAI Yuwei, HUANG Caixia. Effects of Different Straw Zonation on Soil Water and Heat Status and Yield of Winter Wheat in Dryland Areas of Northwest China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(3): 68-78. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195338.

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Figures/Tables 13

References 43

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土壤剖面特性 Soil profile characteristics	0~5 cm	5~10 cm	10~20 cm	20~40 cm
质地类型Texture type	黏壤土	黏壤土	黏壤土	黏壤土
2.000~0.200 mm颗粒组成/% 2.000—0.200 mm particle composition	0.58	0.63	0.55	0.16
0.200~0.020 mm颗粒组成/% 0.200—0.020 mm particle composition	42.55	44.72	46.70	46.01
0.020~0.002 mm土壤颗粒组成/% 0.020—0.002 mm particle composition	41.61	39.41	37.28	38.70
<0.002 mm土壤颗粒组成/%<0.002 mm particle composition	15.17	15.26	15.50	15.15
有机质含量/(g/kg) Organic matter content	9.50	9.40	8.90	8.60
全氮含量/(g/kg) Total nitrogen content	0.73	0.71	0.72	0.68
速效磷含量/(mg/kg) Available phosphorus content	7.66	7.38	7.53	7.11
速效钾含量/(mg/kg) Available potassium content	125.86	120.38	119.37	117.27

土壤剖面特性 Soil profile characteristics	0~5 cm	5~10 cm	10~20 cm	20~40 cm
质地类型Texture type	黏壤土	黏壤土	黏壤土	黏壤土
2.000~0.200 mm颗粒组成/% 2.000—0.200 mm particle composition	0.58	0.63	0.55	0.16
0.200~0.020 mm颗粒组成/% 0.200—0.020 mm particle composition	42.55	44.72	46.70	46.01
0.020~0.002 mm土壤颗粒组成/% 0.020—0.002 mm particle composition	41.61	39.41	37.28	38.70
<0.002 mm土壤颗粒组成/%<0.002 mm particle composition	15.17	15.26	15.50	15.15
有机质含量/(g/kg) Organic matter content	9.50	9.40	8.90	8.60
全氮含量/(g/kg) Total nitrogen content	0.73	0.71	0.72	0.68
速效磷含量/(mg/kg) Available phosphorus content	7.66	7.38	7.53	7.11
速效钾含量/(mg/kg) Available potassium content	125.86	120.38	119.37	117.27

代号 Code	种植带∶覆盖带 Planting belt∶Mulching belt	覆盖度/% Fraction of coverage	具体措施 Description of treatments
PM	100∶100	100.00	覆膜后穴播,穴距20 cm
M3	35∶50	58.82	种植带35 cm,覆盖带50 cm,各种植带均匀密植条播3行
M4	50∶50	50.00	种植带50 cm,覆盖带50 cm,各种植带均匀密植条播4行
M5	70∶50	41.66	种植带70 cm,覆盖带50 cm,各种植带均匀密植条播5行
CK	100∶0	0.00	均匀条播

代号 Code	种植带∶覆盖带 Planting belt∶Mulching belt	覆盖度/% Fraction of coverage	具体措施 Description of treatments
PM	100∶100	100.00	覆膜后穴播,穴距20 cm
M3	35∶50	58.82	种植带35 cm,覆盖带50 cm,各种植带均匀密植条播3行
M4	50∶50	50.00	种植带50 cm,覆盖带50 cm,各种植带均匀密植条播4行
M5	70∶50	41.66	种植带70 cm,覆盖带50 cm,各种植带均匀密植条播5行
CK	100∶0	0.00	均匀条播

处理 Treatment	籽粒产量/ (kg/hm²) Grain yield	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒质量/g 1000-grain weight	穗数 Spike number	生物产量/ (kg/hm²) Biological yield	收获指数/% Harvest index	WUE/ (kg/(hm²·mm))
CK	1 817.56±14.85 bc	28.11±0.61b	32.31±0.56b	200.17±0.73a	4 970.95±308.40b	36.81±2.03ab	5.04±0.04b
PM	2 299.05±57.50a	35.24±3.50a	26.76±2.24c	258.85±54.09a	7 757.74±1 106.97a	30.62±3.46b	7.98±0.13a
M3	1 675.75±172.98c	26.73±0.45b	36.99±0.75a	171.04±23.86a	4 889.44±504.74b	34.27±0.05ab	5.79±0.83b
M4	1 785.08±7.40bc	27.34±2.33b	34.52±0.73ab	192.55±19.79a	4 519.15±234.44b	39.73±2.22a	5.89±0.17b
M5	1 975.15±66.03b	28.57±0.35b	27.76±0.14c	249.10±10.08a	5 774.98±397.05b	34.37±1.22ab	6.00±0.15b
变异系数/% CV	12.68	11.82	13.79	17.67	23.28	9.61	16.39

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