Effects of Spring Limited Irrigation on Root Development and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat in the Haihe Plain

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194835

Abstract

Abstract:

Clarifying the effect of spring limited irrigation on the root development and grain yield of winter wheat in Haihe Plain is of great significance to reduce irrigation and improve water use efficiency.This study used Shimai 22 as the test material,irrigation treatments were traditional irrigation twice at jointing and anthesis stage(W2),no irrigation(W0),and single irrigation(W1)with four irrigation-time treatments(3L,4L,5L,and 6L)based on the number of leaves unfolded in spring.The results showed that compared with W2,W0 and W1 yield decreased by 54.6% and 24.4% respectively,the irrigation yield was highest at 4L in W1,and the effect of yield composition reduction was not significant.Limited irrigation reduced the total root weight density and root length density of winter wheat.During the anthesis period, the total root weight density of W1 decreased significantly by 17.2%, while the total root weight density and root length density of W0 decreased significantly by 47.5% and 35.1%, respectively. And under W1 condition, 4L has the highest total root weight density and root length density. The vertical distribution of roots showed that reducing the frequency of irrigation increased the distribution of roots in the soil layer below 40 cm,however,with the postponement of irrigation time,the root distribution of W1 deep soil decreased and root vigor increased.Among them, during the anthesis period, 4L was significantly higher than 6L by 28.8%, 14.2%, and 36.5% in the 120—160 cm, 160—200 cm, and 200—240 cm soil layers, respectively. Correlation and path analysis showed that total root weight density and root length density at joint—anthesis period had a positive effect on yield.The direct contribution of total root length density in 3L and 4L irrigation was the largest.Generally speaking,the root mass of 4L treatment was higher at jointing-anthesis period,the deep root distribution and root activity of 40—240 cm were increased,resulting in higher spike number and kernel number,which was beneficial to alleviate the decrease of winter wheat yield at limited irrigation,it can be used as an effective way of limited irrigation for winter wheat in Haihe Plain.

Key words: Winter wheat, Limited irrigation, Root weight density, Root length density, Root activity

WANG Li, LIU Xuejing, ZHANG Xuecheng, REN Jianhong, WANG Yandong, ZHEN Wenchao. Effects of Spring Limited Irrigation on Root Development and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat in the Haihe Plain[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(4): 119-132. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194835.

/ / Recommend / Download Citations

URL: http://www.hbnxb.net/EN/10.7668/hbnxb.20194835

http://www.hbnxb.net/EN/Y2024/V39/I4/119

Figures/Tables 14

References 29

[1]	Yu L Y, Zhao X N, Gao X D, Siddique K H M. Improving/maintaining water-use efficiency and yield of wheat by deficit irrigation:a global meta-analysis[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2020, 228:105906.doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105906.
[2]	You Y L, Song P, Yang X L, Zheng Y P, Dong L, Chen J. Optimizing irrigation for winter wheat to maximize yield and maintain high-efficient water use in a semi-arid environment[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2022, 273.doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107901.
[3]	赵风华, 朱康莹, 龙步菊, 田振荣, 来剑斌, 孙志刚. 微咸水灌溉对冬小麦叶片抗干热风能力的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2020, 28(10):1609—1617.doi:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.200077.
	Zhao F H, Zhu K Y, Long B J, Tian Z R, Lai J B, Sun Z G. Effect of brackish water irrigation on the resistibility of winter wheat leaf to dry-hot wind[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2020, 28(10):1609—1617.
[4]	邱新强, 张明智, 张玉顺, 王敏, 秦海霞, 路振广. 限额补灌对黄淮平原夏玉米水分利用及产量的影响[J]. 节水灌溉, 2021(6):64—68,73.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-4929.2021.06.011.
	Qiu X Q, Zhang M Z, Zhang Y S, Wang M, Qin H X, Lu Z G. Effects of low quotas irrigation on water use and yield of summer maize in Huanghuai Plain[J]. Water Saving Irrigation, 2021(6):64—68,73.
[5]	孙金阳, 曹彩云, 郑春莲, 李科江, 马俊永, 张俊鹏, 党红凯. 灌水和施硅对冬小麦叶片显微结构、光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2024, 32(5):827—838.doi:10.12357/cjea.20230643.
	Sun J Y, Cao C Y, Zheng C L, Li K J, Ma J Y, Zhang J P, Dang H K. Effects of irrigation and silicon application on leaf microstructure,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2024, 32(5):827—838.
[6]	Bao X Y, Liu X J, Hou X Y, Yin B Z, Duan W W, Wang Y D, Ren J H, Gu L M, Zhen W C. Single irrigation at the four-leaf stage in the spring optimizes winter wheat water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency[J]. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12(1):42—57.doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18446-8.
[7]	滕政凯, 王春艳, 卜明娜, 周苏玫, 胡乃月, 谢松鑫, 贾晓雯, 杨习文, 贺德先. 抗旱小麦品种根系垂直分布和根尖特征分析研究[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2024,44:1—13.
	Teng Z K, Wang C Y, Bu M N, Zhou S M, Hun N Y, Xie S X, Jia X W, Yang X W, He D X. Analytical study on the vertical distribution of root and the characteristics root tips of drought-risistant wheat varieties[J]. Functional Plant Biology, 2024,44:1—13.
[8]	Brunel-saldias N, Ferrio J P, Elazab A, Orellana M, Del Pozo A D. Root architecture and functional traits of spring wheat under contrasting water regimes[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020, 11:581140.doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.581140.
[9]	车京玉, 时家宁, 邵立刚, 王岩, 李长辉, 马勇, 高凤梅, 张起昌, 刘宁涛. 春小麦根系变化与地上部相关关系的研究[J]. 河南科技学院学报(自然科学版), 2008, 36(2):12—14.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-6060-B.2008.02.005.
	Che J Y, Shi J N, Shao L G, Wang Y, Li C H, Ma Y, Gao F M, Zhang Q C, Liu N T. Studies on the correlation between root system and top growth of spring wheat[J]. Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2008, 36(2):12—14.
[10]	薛丽华, 张英华, 段俊杰, 刘娜, 王志敏. 调亏灌溉下冬小麦根系分布与耗水的关系[J]. 麦类作物学报, 30(4):693—697.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2010.04.021.
	Xue L H, Zhang Y H, Duan J J, Liu N, Wang Z M. Relationship between root distribution and water consumption of winter wheat under regulated deficit irrigation[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2010, 30(4):693—697.
[11]	刘洪升, 李凤民. 水分胁迫下春小麦根系吸水功能效率的研究[J]. 西北植物学报, 2003, 23(6):942—948.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2003.06.014.
	Liu H S, Li F M. The study of spring wheat root function efficiency under water stress conditions[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2003, 23(6):942—948.
[12]	Djanaguiraman M, Prasad P V V, Kumari J, Rengel Z. Root length and root lipid composition contribute to drought tolerance of winter and spring wheat[J]. Plant and Soil, 2019, 439(6):57—73.doi:10.1007/s11104-018-3794-3.
[13]	Wasson A P, Richards R A, Chatrath R, Misra S C, Sai Prasad S V, Rebetzke G J, Kirkegaard J A, Christopher J, Watt M. Traits and selection strategies to improve root systems and water uptake in water-limited wheat crops[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2012, 63(9):3485—3498.doi:10.1093/jxb/ers111. pmid: 22553286
[14]	马守臣, 徐炳成, 王和洲, 杨慎骄, 李凤民. 根系冗余对小麦籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2010, 16(3):305—308.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1145.2010.00305.
	Ma S C, Xu B C, Wang H Z, Yang S J, Li F M. Effect of root redundancy on grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2010, 16(3):305—308.
[15]	Wu Y, Wang H Z, Yang X W, Zhao J M, He D X. Soil Water effect on root activity,root weight density,and grain yield in winter wheat[J]. Crop Science, 2017, 57(1):437—443.doi:10.2135/cropsci2015.11.0704.
[16]	孙书娈, 陈秀敏, 乔文臣, 孟祥海, 魏建伟. 冬小麦干旱胁迫下不同土层根量分布与产量的关系[J]. 河北农业科学, 2008, 12(5):6—8.doi:10.16318/j.cnki.hbnykx.2008.05.018.
	Sun S L, Chen X M, Qiao W C, Meng X H, Wei J W. Relationship between root distribution in different soil layer and yield of winter wheat under drought stress[J]. Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences, 2008, 12(5):6—8.
[17]	李鲁华, 李世清, 翟军海, 史俊通. 小麦根系与土壤水分胁迫关系的研究进展[J]. 西北植物学报, 2001, 21(1):1—7.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2001.01.001.
	Li L H, Li S Q, Zhai J H, Shi J T. Review of the relationship between wheat roots and water stress[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2001, 21(1):1—7.
[18]	左文博, 吴静利, 杨奇, 张嘉楠, 刘桂茹. 干旱胁迫对小麦根系活力和可溶性糖含量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2010, 25(6):191—193.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2010.06.037.
	Zuo W B, Wu J L, Yang Q, Zhang J N, Liu G R. Study on the influence of root of different wheat varieties under drought stress[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2010, 25(6):191—193.
[19]	李梦达, 李向东, 牛洪斌, 杨习文, 靳海洋, 贺德先. 小麦品种抗旱性与深根性和深层根系活性的关系[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2017, 37(5):666—672.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2017.05.13.
	Li M D, Li X D, Niu H B, Yang X W, Jin H Y, He D X. Relationship between drought resistance,deep rooting characteristics and vigor of roots within deep-soil-layer of different wheat cultivars[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2017, 37(5):666—672.
[20]	Qayyum A, Al Ayoubi S, Sher A, Bibi Y M, Ahmad S, Shen Z, Jenks M A. Improvement in drought tolerance in bread wheat is related to an improvement in osmolyte production,antioxidant enzyme activities,and gaseous exchange[J]. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2021, 28(9):5238—5249.doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.040. pmid: 34466102
[21]	方燕, 闵东红, 高欣, 王中华, 王军, 刘萍, 刘霞. 不同抗旱性冬小麦根系时空分布与产量的关系[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(8):2922—2934.doi:10.5846/stxb201711132026.
	Fang Y, Min D H, Gao X, Wang Z H, Wang J, Liu P, Liu X. Relationship between spatiotemporal distribution of roots and grain yield of winter wheat varieties with differing drought tolerance[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(8):2922—2934.
[22]	张志勇, 秦步坛, 熊淑萍, 王浩哲, 徐赛俊, 田文仲, 王小纯, 马新明. 小麦开花期灌水对土壤养分及根系分布的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(12):3328—3336.doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202212.018.
	Zhang Z Y, Qin B T, Xiong S P, Wang H Z, Xu S J, Tian W Z, Wang X C, Ma X M. Effects of irrigation at flowering stage on soil nutrient and root distribution in wheat field[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(12):3328—3336.
[23]	Li J P, Wang Y Q, Zhang M, Liu Y, Xu X X, Lin G, Wang Z M, Yang Y M, Zhang Y H. Optimized micro-sprinkling irrigation scheduling improves grain yield by increasing the uptake and utilization of water and nitrogen during grain filling in winter wheat[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2019, 211:59—69.doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2018.09.047.
[24]	Hu Y J, Ma P H, Wu S F, Sun B, Feng H, Pan X L, Zhang B B, Chen G J, Duan C X, Lei Q,H.M. Siddiqued K, Liu B Y. Spatial-temporal distribution of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) roots and water use efficiency under ridge-furrow dual mulching[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2020, 240:106301—106301.doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106301.
[25]	Chen X Y, Zhu Y, Ding Y, Pan R M, Shen W Y, Yu X R, Xiong F. The relationship between characteristics of root morphology and grain filling in wheat under drought stress[J]. PeerJ, 2021, 9:e12015.doi:10.7717/Peerj.12015.
[26]	Li C N, Li L P, Reynolds M P, Wang J Y, Chang X P, Mao X G, Jing R L. Recognizing the hidden half in wheat:root system attributes associated with drought tolerance[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2021, 72(14):5117—5133.doi:10.1093/jxb/erab124.
[27]	阎素红, 杨兆生, 王俊娟, 李铁庄, 王海峰. 不同类型小麦品种根系生长特性研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35(8):906—910.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0578-1752.2002.08.002.
	Yan S H, Yang Z S, Wang J J, Li T Z, Wang H F. Study on characterization of root growth of different types of winter wheat cultivar[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science, 2002, 35(8):906—910.
[28]	王美玲, 蒋文月, 葛雨洋, 朱新开, 李春燕, 朱敏, 郭文善, 丁锦峰. 拔节期不同程度渍水对小麦根系生长和籽粒产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(4): 83—90. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193847.
	Wang M L, Jiang W Y, Ge Y Y, Zhu X K, Li C Y, Zhu M, Guo W S, Ding J F. Effects of different degrees of waterlogging at stem-elongation stage on root growth and grain yield in wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(4): 83—90. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193847
[29]	Eziz A, Yan Z B, Tian D, Han W X, Tang Z Y, Fang J Y. Drought effect on plant biomass allocation:a meta-analysis[J]. Ecology and Evolution, 2017, 7(24):11002—11010.doi:10.1002/ece3.3630.

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗数/(×10⁴/hm²) Spike number	穗粒数 Kenel number	千粒质量/g Thousand grains weight	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield
2020—2021	W2	49.05±0.89a	42.39±2.19a	44.66±1.14a	10 297.71±44.57a
	W1	45.48±2.72a	37.82±1.39ab	41.36±0.95ab	8 226.72±657.17b
	W0	31.26±1.53b	35.50±1.04b	40.07±0.73b	4 029.12±315.77c
2021—2022	W2	66.43±7.14a	32.11±1.74a	47.27±0.68a	11 645.96±597.73a
	W1	66.79±3.62a	31.31±1.41a	44.79±1.11a	8 401.06±650.33b
	W0	49.65±2.71b	24.29±1.08b	40.99±0.40b	4 371.82±59.46c
年份Year		**	**	^*	ns
处理Treatment		**	^*	**	*
年份×处理Year×Treatment		**	ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗数/(×10⁴/hm²) Spike number	穗粒数 Kenel number	千粒质量/g Thousand grains weight	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield
2020—2021	W2	49.05±0.89a	42.39±2.19a	44.66±1.14a	10 297.71±44.57a
	W1	45.48±2.72a	37.82±1.39ab	41.36±0.95ab	8 226.72±657.17b
	W0	31.26±1.53b	35.50±1.04b	40.07±0.73b	4 029.12±315.77c
2021—2022	W2	66.43±7.14a	32.11±1.74a	47.27±0.68a	11 645.96±597.73a
	W1	66.79±3.62a	31.31±1.41a	44.79±1.11a	8 401.06±650.33b
	W0	49.65±2.71b	24.29±1.08b	40.99±0.40b	4 371.82±59.46c
年份Year		**	**	^*	ns
处理Treatment		**	^*	**	*
年份×处理Year×Treatment		**	ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗数/(×10⁴/hm²) Spike number	穗粒数 Kenel number	千粒质量/g Thousand grains weight	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield
2020-2021	3L	47.62±0.81b	35.53±1.03bc	40.19±0.59c	9 283.63±234.65a
	4L	51.90±0.86a	39.38±1.42ab	41.17±0.51c	9 039.32±103.67a
	5L	44.76±0.74b	41.93±0.23a	42.72±0.56b	8 192.76±83.50b
	6L	34.29±1.52c	34.58±1.18c	45.55±0.25a	6 385.18±67.77c
2021-2022	3L	61.43±4.29ab	28.86±1.28ab	43.19±0.75c	9 164.23±70.25b
	4L	75.15±8.57a	31.36±2.79a	44.27±0.88bc	9 456.13±70.67a
	5L	57.65±1.92b	33.72±2.58a	46.91±0.74ab	8 421.09±70.86c
	6L	52.93±1.34b	21.85±0.02b	49.52±0.88a	6 562.78±41.14d
年份Year		**	^*	**	ns
处理Treatment		*	ns	**	**
年份×处理Year×Treatment		^*	ns	**	ns

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗数/(×10⁴/hm²) Spike number	穗粒数 Kenel number	千粒质量/g Thousand grains weight	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield
2020-2021	3L	47.62±0.81b	35.53±1.03bc	40.19±0.59c	9 283.63±234.65a
	4L	51.90±0.86a	39.38±1.42ab	41.17±0.51c	9 039.32±103.67a
	5L	44.76±0.74b	41.93±0.23a	42.72±0.56b	8 192.76±83.50b
	6L	34.29±1.52c	34.58±1.18c	45.55±0.25a	6 385.18±67.77c
2021-2022	3L	61.43±4.29ab	28.86±1.28ab	43.19±0.75c	9 164.23±70.25b
	4L	75.15±8.57a	31.36±2.79a	44.27±0.88bc	9 456.13±70.67a
	5L	57.65±1.92b	33.72±2.58a	46.91±0.74ab	8 421.09±70.86c
	6L	52.93±1.34b	21.85±0.02b	49.52±0.88a	6 562.78±41.14d
年份Year		**	^*	**	ns
处理Treatment		*	ns	**	**
年份×处理Year×Treatment		^*	ns	**	ns

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	总根质量密度/(mg/cm³) Total RMD
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	起身期 Standing	拔节期 Jointing	孕穗期 Booting	开花期 Anthesis	成熟期 Maturity
2020—2021	W2	0.07±0.03a	0.19±0.01b	0.38±0.02ab	0.61±0.02a	0.64±0.03a
	W1	0.08±0.02a	0.33±0.03a	0.40±0.05a	0.49±0.01b	0.44±0.05b
	W0	0.07±0.03a	0.14±0.02b	0.35±0.03b	0.31±0.01c	0.25±0.02c
2021—2022	W2	0.04±0.01a	0.22±0.02a	0.28±0.02a	0.61±0.01a	0.48±0.01a
	W1	0.06±0.01a	0.25±0.04a	0.28±0.03a	0.52±0.04b	0.38±0.01b
	W0	0.06±0.01a	0.21±0.03a	0.24±0.03b	0.33±0.02c	0.31±0.03b
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	总根长密度/(cm/cm³) Total RLD
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	起身期 Standing	拔节期 Jointing	孕穗期 Booting	开花期 Anthesis	成熟期 Maturity
2020—2021	W2	0.76±0.05a	1.36±0.12a	2.45±0.02a	3.20±0.21a	3.42±0.34a
	W1	0.71±0.04a	1.38±0.16a	2.44±0.04a	2.98±0.29a	2.39±0.43ab
	W0	0.68±0.05a	1.14±0.04b	1.92±1.03b	2.34±0.02b	2.28±0.14b
2021—2022	W2	0.54±0.08a	0.84±0.06a	1.42±0.13a	3.10±0.08a	2.54±0.01a
	W1	0.57±0.07a	0.81±0.03a	1.44±0.10a	2.39±0.04b	1.76±0.01b
	W0	0.52±0.07a	0.65±0.01b	1.30±0.09a	1.76±0.12c	1.70±0.03b

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export