Effects of Time and Method of Deep Tillage on Yield Formation of Wheat in Dryland Wheat-Maize Multiple Cropping System

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193617

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to screen the proper time and method of deep tillage for achieving high yield of winter wheat in the winter wheat-summer maize(namely,wheat-maize)multiple cropping system in dryland,a field experiment including four treatments,namely deep plowing in summer season(SP),subsoiling in summer season(SS),deep plowing in autumn season(AP)and subsoiling in autumn season(AS),was carried out in the typical dryland wheat-maize production area in Western Henan Province from June 2019 to June 2021.The yield,yield components and spike traits of wheat in the two experimental years,as well as tiller numbers,SPAD and net photosynthetic rate(Pn)in flag leaves,the characteristics of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and transportation in 2020-2021 were investigated.Both the time and method of deep tillage had significant effects on the grain yield,yield components,spike traits,tiller number,flag leaf SPAD and Pn,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and transportation in dryland winter wheat.Compared with SP, the yield, spike number, shoot dry matter accumulation from regreening to maturity, pre-anthesis dry matter translocation, post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, total nitrogen accumulation from anthesis to maturity, pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation, flag leaf SPAD values during mid-late grain filling stage and flag leaf Pn from heading to latter grain filling of winter wheat in AS were significantly increased by 18.38%-19.55%, 16.85%-26.05%, 15.33%-20.28%, 16.47%, 20.43%, 26.11%-33.81%,36.49%,5.24%-9.69%, and 5.55%-23.70%, respectively.AS can increase the tiller numbers,flag leaf SPAD and Pn,and improve the characteristics of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and transportation,thereby ultimately stabilizing the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight when increasing the number of spikes,and significantly increasing the grain yield of winter wheat.It is a suitable tillage pattern for wheat in wheat-maize multiple cropping system in dryland.

Key words: Winter wheat-summer maize multiple cropping system, Dryland, Tillage time, Tillage methods, Yield, Photosynthetic characteristics, Accumulation and transportation

WANG Hongtao, ZHAO Kainan, ZHANG Jun, HUANG Xiuli, ZHAO Wenxin, LI Shujing, HUANG Ming, LI Youjun, WU Jinzhi, JIANG Xiang. Effects of Time and Method of Deep Tillage on Yield Formation of Wheat in Dryland Wheat-Maize Multiple Cropping System[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(2): 139-148. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193617.

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References 38

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土层深度/cm Soil layer	有机质/(g/kg) Organic matter	全氮/(g/kg) Total N	有效磷/(mg/kg) Available P	速效钾/(mg/kg) Available K	pH
0~20	14.69	1.11	9.04	139.60	7.57
20~40	9.99	0.89	2.52	107.35	7.40

土层深度/cm Soil layer	有机质/(g/kg) Organic matter	全氮/(g/kg) Total N	有效磷/(mg/kg) Available P	速效钾/(mg/kg) Available K	pH
0~20	14.69	1.11	9.04	139.60	7.57
20~40	9.99	0.89	2.52	107.35	7.40

代码 Code	处理 Treatment	耕作操作 Tillage practice
SP	夏深翻	夏季玉米播种前深翻作业1遍后旋耕作业1遍,秋季小麦播种前旋耕作业2遍。深翻深度(35±3)cm;旋耕深度(15±3)cm。
SS	夏深松	夏季玉米播种前深松作业1遍后旋耕作业1遍,秋季小麦播种前旋耕作业2遍。深松深度(35±3)cm;旋耕深度(15±3)cm。
AP	秋深翻	夏季玉米播种前旋耕作业2遍,秋季小麦播种前深翻作业1遍后旋耕作业1遍。深翻深度(35±3)cm;旋耕深度(15±3)cm。
AS	秋深松	夏季玉米播种前旋耕作业2遍,秋季小麦播种前深松作业1遍后旋耕作业1遍。深松深度(35±3)cm;旋耕深度(15±3)cm。

代码 Code	处理 Treatment	耕作操作 Tillage practice
SP	夏深翻	夏季玉米播种前深翻作业1遍后旋耕作业1遍,秋季小麦播种前旋耕作业2遍。深翻深度(35±3)cm;旋耕深度(15±3)cm。
SS	夏深松	夏季玉米播种前深松作业1遍后旋耕作业1遍,秋季小麦播种前旋耕作业2遍。深松深度(35±3)cm;旋耕深度(15±3)cm。
AP	秋深翻	夏季玉米播种前旋耕作业2遍,秋季小麦播种前深翻作业1遍后旋耕作业1遍。深翻深度(35±3)cm;旋耕深度(15±3)cm。
AS	秋深松	夏季玉米播种前旋耕作业2遍,秋季小麦播种前深松作业1遍后旋耕作业1遍。深松深度(35±3)cm;旋耕深度(15±3)cm。

年度 Year	处理 Treatment	穗数/ (×10⁴/hm²) Spike number	穗粒数 Grains per spike	千粒质量/g 1000-grain weight	穗长/cm Spike length	小穗数 Spikelet number	不孕小穗数 Sterile spikelet number	产量/ (kg/hm²) Yield
2019-2020	SP	440.7±3.4b	24.8±0.4a	42.1±0.3a	8.1±0.1b	18.3±0.1b	2.5±0.0a	4 923.9±19.2b
	SS	444.9±1.7b	24.5±0.3a	42.5±0.2a	8.1±0.0b	18.4±0.4ab	2.3±0.0a	4 896.3±76.3b
	AP	507.7±2.3a	24.8±0.2a	41.8±0.5a	8.6±0.0a	19.4±0.5ab	2.3±0.1a	5 726.4±66.3a
	AS	514.9±5.7a	25.4±0.0a	42.2±0.2a	8.7±0.2a	19.8±0.5a	2.3±0.1a	5 886.5±77.8a
2020-2021	SP	382.9±3.7c	33.3±0.3a	49.1±0.6a	8.3±0.1a	19.4±0.3b	2.9±0.1a	5 005.9±123.0c
	SS	385.2±3.6c	33.5±0.4a	49.6±0.1a	8.5±0.1a	19.7±0.4b	2.8±0.3a	5 036.7±33.6c
	AP	462.6±1.2b	33.6±0.7a	49.0±0.3a	8.7±0.3a	20.7±0.3ab	2.4±0.2b	5 425.7±16.9b
	AS	482.6±3.7a	34.1±0.6a	49.0±0.0a	8.9±0.1a	21.7±0.6a	2.2±0.1b	5 926.0±34.2a
F值	年度	405.2^**	906.8^**	942.0^**	3.5	22.4^**	4.1	0.0
F value	处理	356.1^**	1.2	1.6	7.7^**	9.5^**	3.1	101.9^**
	年度×处理	6.9^**	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.4	1.7	4.6^*

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