Effect of Ear Size on the Crushing Rate of Mechanical Corn Harvest

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194634

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to determine the effect of different size ear grain characteristics on the mechanical grain crushing rate of corn,Xianyu 1171 and Zhenghong 505 were used as experimental materials to divide the ear into large ear,middle ear and small ear,and determine the agronomic traits,mechanical strength,grain water content and grain crushing rate of corn ear at different harvest periods.The variation of grain water content and mechanical strength of corn with different size ears was studied,and the effect of ear size on the crushing rate of corn with mechanical grain harvesting was analyzed.The results showed that the grain breakage rate of Xianyu 1171 decreased first and then increased slightly,and the grain breakage rate of Zhenghong 505 decreased,and the difference of grain breakage rate between varieties gradually narrowed.The grain breakage rate of spicles was significantly lower than that of middle ear and big ear, and the grain breakage rate of Zhenghong 505 decreased by 16.98 and 20.96 percentage point compared with that of middle ear and big ear,respectively.The grain breakage rate of Xianyu 1171 decreased by 18.63 and 22.43 percentage point compared with that of middle ear and big ear.The grain water content of Zhenghong 505 was significantly higher than that of Xianyu 1711.The grain water content of Xianyu 1171 was mostly mostly significantly higher than that of middle ear and big ear,while that of Zhenghong 505 was lower than that of middle ear and big ear.The endosperm puncture strength of spicule Xianyu 1171 was mostly significantly lower than that of middle panicle and big panicle,but there was no significant difference in crushing strength.There was no significant difference in grain mechanical strength among panicle sizes of Zhenghong 505.Correlation analysis showed that grain breakage rate was significantly of extremely significantly positively correlated with water content,ear length,ear diameter and ear volume,but extremely significantly negatively correlated with grain mechanical strength.Moderate reduction of ear length,ear diameter and ear volume of corn can significantly reduce the crushing rate of corn grain in mechanical grain harvesting.Therefore,it is an effective measure to reduce grain crushing rate by selecting small ear corn varieties or reducing ear size by increasing density and other cultivation measures.

Key words: Corn, Crushing rate, Mechanical grain yield, Moisture content, Mechanical strength

WANG Han, LIU Ju, CHU Wencong, LI Xiaolong, GUO Zongxiang, LAN Tianqiong, FENG Dongju, YUAN Jichao, KONG Fanlei. Effect of Ear Size on the Crushing Rate of Mechanical Corn Harvest[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(S1): 72-80. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194634.

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References 46

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品种指标 Variety index	先玉1171 XY1171		正红505 ZH505
品种指标 Variety index	穗长/mm Ear length	穗体积/cm³ Panicle volume	穗长/mm Ear length	穗体积/cm³ Panicle volume
大穗Big spike	20.13~19.31	452.34~359.35	20.01~18.23	491.14~382.43
中穗Middle ear	19.81~17.52	353.74~321.85	18.51~16.06	409.31~339.49
小穗Spikelet	18.11~15.36	328.96~261.96	16.63~14.69	356.48~280.05

品种指标 Variety index	先玉1171 XY1171		正红505 ZH505
品种指标 Variety index	穗长/mm Ear length	穗体积/cm³ Panicle volume	穗长/mm Ear length	穗体积/cm³ Panicle volume
大穗Big spike	20.13~19.31	452.34~359.35	20.01~18.23	491.14~382.43
中穗Middle ear	19.81~17.52	353.74~321.85	18.51~16.06	409.31~339.49
小穗Spikelet	18.11~15.36	328.96~261.96	16.63~14.69	356.48~280.05

品种 Variety	处理 Treatments	穗长/cm Ear length	穗粗/mm Ear diameter	果穗体积/mm³ Ear volume	籽粒厚度/mm Grain thickness	穗轴直径/mm Diameter of ear shaft	籽粒容重/(g/L) Grain bulk density	百粒干质量/g 100-grain dry weight
先玉1171	大	20.52±0.59a	48.75±1.90b	384.28±41.97b	4.18±0.12b	28.04±0.31d	681.35±2.04ab	26.35±1.73ab
XY1171	中	18.71±0.87ab	47.99±0.91b	335.82±13.48c	4.24±0.08b	26.28±0.33e	683.79±1.97ab	24.29±0.88b
	小	17.04±0.80bc	47.08±1.75b	290.80±26.55d	4.57±0.24a	25.00±0.68f	684.73±1.88ab	28.48±1.19a
正红505	大	19.05±0.53ab	53.10±1.56a	422.69±38.70a	4.07±0.05b	33.56±0.74a	685.59±1.87a	25.97±0.50ab
ZH505	中	17.60±0.57bc	52.59±0.73a	382.89±32.89b	4.10±0.18b	32.10±0.55b	686.12±1.78a	26.11±1.02ab
	小	15.75±0.73c	52.05±1.50a	336.88±51.09c	4.21±0.20b	30.78±0.73c	687.11±1.71a	26.36±1.72ab

品种 Variety	处理 Treatments	穗长/cm Ear length	穗粗/mm Ear diameter	果穗体积/mm³ Ear volume	籽粒厚度/mm Grain thickness	穗轴直径/mm Diameter of ear shaft	籽粒容重/(g/L) Grain bulk density	百粒干质量/g 100-grain dry weight
先玉1171	大	20.52±0.59a	48.75±1.90b	384.28±41.97b	4.18±0.12b	28.04±0.31d	681.35±2.04ab	26.35±1.73ab
XY1171	中	18.71±0.87ab	47.99±0.91b	335.82±13.48c	4.24±0.08b	26.28±0.33e	683.79±1.97ab	24.29±0.88b
	小	17.04±0.80bc	47.08±1.75b	290.80±26.55d	4.57±0.24a	25.00±0.68f	684.73±1.88ab	28.48±1.19a
正红505	大	19.05±0.53ab	53.10±1.56a	422.69±38.70a	4.07±0.05b	33.56±0.74a	685.59±1.87a	25.97±0.50ab
ZH505	中	17.60±0.57bc	52.59±0.73a	382.89±32.89b	4.10±0.18b	32.10±0.55b	686.12±1.78a	26.11±1.02ab
	小	15.75±0.73c	52.05±1.50a	336.88±51.09c	4.21±0.20b	30.78±0.73c	687.11±1.71a	26.36±1.72ab

指标 Index	破碎率 Breakage rate	含水率 Water content	胚面穿刺强度 Embryo surface puncture strength	顶面压碎强度 Top crushing strength	穗长 Ear length	穗粗 Ear diameter	穗体积 Panicle volume
破碎率Breakage rate	1.000
含水率Water content	0.695^**	1.000
胚面穿刺强度Embryo surface puncture strength	-0.542^**	-0.877^**	1.000
顶面压碎强度Top crushing strength	-0.637^**	-0.818^**	0.849^**	1.000
穗长Ear length	0.438^*	0.086	-0.073	-0.091	1.000
穗粗Ear diameter	0.420^*	0.632^**	-0.484^**	-0.443^*	-0.029	1.000
穗体积Panicle volume	0.626^**	0.471^**	-0.330	-0.322	0.656^**	0.657^**	1.000

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