Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Method on Soil Phosphorus Availability and Yield of Summer Maize in Huang-Huai Area

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194022

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the suitable phosphate fertilizer application methods in the Huang-Huai area,this research conducted field experiments to investigate the dry matter accumulation,root morphological indexes,available phosphorus content and phosphatase activity in different soil layers,maize yield and its component factors of four phosphate fertilizer application methods(conventional broadcast (P1),layered application (P2),strip application (P3) and hole application (P4)).The results showed that the ear length and kernel row number of P2 and P4 were significantly increased by 22.57%,16.81% and 15.19%,7.60% compared with P1.The grain number per spike of P2,P3 and P4 were significantly increased by 25.26%,13.86% and 17.00% compared with P1,respectively.Additionally,a decrease of spikes per area was found in P2 (15.30%) compared with P1.The yields of P2 and P4 were significantly increased by 15.20% and 10.79% compared with P1.Among root traits,the root length,root surface area,root volume and root tip number were significantly affected by the phosphorus application method.The root length under P2 and P4 treatments was significantly increased by 30.41% and 33.75% compared with P1.The root surface area of P2 treatment was significantly increased by 23.77% compared with P1.The root surface area of P4 treatment was significantly increased by 29.60% and 21.70% compared with P1 and P3 treatments,respectively.The root volume and root tip number of P2 and P4 treatments were significantly higher than those of P1 and P3.The analysis of soil available phosphorus content showed that the available phosphorus contents of P2 and P4 were significantly higher than that of P1 in the soil layer of 10—20 cm at three-leaf stage of maize.The available phosphorus contents of P2,P3 and P4 in the 0—20 cm soil layer were lower than that of P1,and the available phosphorus content of P4 in the soil layer of 20—30 cm was significantly lower than that of P1 at maturity stage.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between acid phosphatase activity and soil available phosphorus content in the 10—20 cm soil layer at three-leaf stage of maize.The acid phosphatase activity and soil available phosphorus content in P2 and P4 treatments were higher in this soil layer,which was conducive to the conversion of soil phosphorus into maize absorbable state.In conclusion,compared with the traditional application method,layered phosphorus application and cave phosphorus application can improve the soil phosphorus availability in the early stage of maize,promote the growth and development of roots,and then increase the summer maize yield,so they are more suitable application method for corn phosphorus fertilizer in Huang-Huai area.

Key words: Corn, Phosphorus fertilizer, Application method, Yield, Available phosphorus, Root system, Phosphatase

DOU Hangyu, RUAN Yihao, ZHANG Yinglei, SONG Miaomiao, ZHANG Yihan, YANG Liuyang, YANG Qinghua, WANG Hao. Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Method on Soil Phosphorus Availability and Yield of Summer Maize in Huang-Huai Area[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(1): 127-134. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194022.

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处理 Treatment	穗长/cm Spike length	穗粗/mm Spike width	穗行数 Rows per spike	行粒数 Kernels per row	穗粒数 Grains per spike	百粒质量/g 100 grains weight	单位面积穗数/ (穗/hm²) Spikes per area	产量/ (kg/hm²) Yield
P1	12.67±2.31b	44.25±1.42a	15.33±1.15a	26.33±1.15b	403.64±46.19b	23.10±0.66a	70 366.38±893.34a	6 561.02±529.25b
P2	15.53±1.23a	46.63±2.65a	16.67±1.15a	30.33±3.06a	505.60±19.73a	25.09±1.54a	59 580.84±233.21b	7 558.13±828.37a
P3	13.40±1.58b	45.51±1.93a	15.67±1.15a	29.33±1.73a	459.60±31.18a	23.62±1.33a	64 327.37±324.34a	6 983.22±935.54ab
P4	14.80±1.20a	45.61±1.56a	16.67±1.15a	28.33±0.58a	472.26±51.16a	23.81±1.58a	64 648.61±452.34a	7 269.42±193.56a
与产量相关系数	0.537^*	0.356	0.045	0.584^*	0.417^*	0.213	0.322
Coefficient of
correlation with yield

处理 Treatment	穗长/cm Spike length	穗粗/mm Spike width	穗行数 Rows per spike	行粒数 Kernels per row	穗粒数 Grains per spike	百粒质量/g 100 grains weight	单位面积穗数/ (穗/hm²) Spikes per area	产量/ (kg/hm²) Yield
P1	12.67±2.31b	44.25±1.42a	15.33±1.15a	26.33±1.15b	403.64±46.19b	23.10±0.66a	70 366.38±893.34a	6 561.02±529.25b
P2	15.53±1.23a	46.63±2.65a	16.67±1.15a	30.33±3.06a	505.60±19.73a	25.09±1.54a	59 580.84±233.21b	7 558.13±828.37a
P3	13.40±1.58b	45.51±1.93a	15.67±1.15a	29.33±1.73a	459.60±31.18a	23.62±1.33a	64 327.37±324.34a	6 983.22±935.54ab
P4	14.80±1.20a	45.61±1.56a	16.67±1.15a	28.33±0.58a	472.26±51.16a	23.81±1.58a	64 648.61±452.34a	7 269.42±193.56a
与产量相关系数	0.537^*	0.356	0.045	0.584^*	0.417^*	0.213	0.322
Coefficient of
correlation with yield

处理 Treatment	根长/cm Root length	根表面积/cm² Root surface area	根体积/cm³ Root volume	根尖数/个 Root tip number
P1	47.85±7.46b	19.86±20.70c	0.42±0.02b	303.00±96.44b
P2	62.40±6.54a	24.58±1.89ab	0.56±0.06a	524.00±58.28a
P3	59.38±3.12ab	21.14±2.23bc	0.45±0.02b	247.00±36.72b
P4	64.00±9.74a	25.73±1.57a	0.81±0.09a	622.00±66.03a

处理 Treatment	根长/cm Root length	根表面积/cm² Root surface area	根体积/cm³ Root volume	根尖数/个 Root tip number
P1	47.85±7.46b	19.86±20.70c	0.42±0.02b	303.00±96.44b
P2	62.40±6.54a	24.58±1.89ab	0.56±0.06a	524.00±58.28a
P3	59.38±3.12ab	21.14±2.23bc	0.45±0.02b	247.00±36.72b
P4	64.00±9.74a	25.73±1.57a	0.81±0.09a	622.00±66.03a

土层深度/cm Soil depth	三叶期 Three-leaf stage		成熟期 Maturity stage
土层深度/cm Soil depth	ACP	ALP	ACP	ALP
0~10	0.530	-0.169	-0.018	-0.030
10~20	0.676^*	0.294	0.166	-0.322
20~30	0.563	0.173	0.056	-0.125

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