Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Moisture Dynamic Changes and Maize Yield

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195284

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of different tillage methods on soil moisture dynamics changes and maize yield under the condition of straw return to field in the black soil area along the foothills of Daxing'anling,based on six consecutive years of tillage positioning experiments,this study analyzed the effects of seven types of tillage methods,namely,full-crushing and deep-tillage (SCD),full-crushing and shallow-tillage (SSS),full-crushing and deep-tillage (SCS),full-crushing and re-harrowing (SCR),full-crushing and rotary tillage (STR),full-crushing and no-tillage (NTS),and conventional tillage without returning straw to the field (CK)on soil moisture characteristics,water consumption,water use efficiency,and agronomic traits and yield of maize in the 0—60 cm soil layer at different growth stages of maize in each treatment.The results showed a bimodal pattern of soil quality moisture content in 2022 and 2023.0—10 cm soil layer soil quality moisture content was significantly higher than that of CK,and the NTS treatment had the highest soil quality moisture content in several periods.10—20 cm soil layer soil quality moisture content was lower than that of CK in the SSS and NTS treatments at the jointing stage,and soil quality moisture content was higher than that of CK in the 20—40 cm and 40—60 cm soil layers in 2022 and 2023 for all the treatments.In 2022 and 2023,maize plant height in all treatments except NTS treatment was significantly higher than CK at different growth stages.The SCD treatment was the tallest and the NTS treatment was the shortest at mature stage.Leaf area index (LAI) varied little among treatments at seedling stage of maize,STR treatment had the highest LAI after the jointing stage,and all treatments had significantly higher LAI than NTS treatment at the big trumpet stage.Dry matter accumulation in all treatments except for the SCS,NTS treatment was significantly higher than in CK,and dry matter accumulation was highest in the SCD treatment and lowest in the NTS treatment at mature stage.All tillage treatments increased maize yield and water use efficiency compared with CK,but the SCD treatment was significantly higher than CK.Comprehensive analysis of the indexes showed that the two tillage methods of full-crushing and deep-tillage and full-crushing and shallow-tillage were favorable to improve soil structure,maize yield and water use efficiency in the black soil area along the foothills of Daxing'anling.

Key words: Maize, Farming method, Agronomic trait, Yield, Water use efficiency

BAI Dongxing, CHEN Xuanyi, ZHANG Xiangqian, GE Guolong, WANG Manxiu, ZHANG Dejian, MENG Tiantian, LUO Fang, ZHANG Chuanling. Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Moisture Dynamic Changes and Maize Yield[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(2): 67-80. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195284.

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References 44

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处理 Treatments	操作方法 Operations
秸秆全量粉碎深翻还田(SCD)	收获后玉米秸秆全部粉碎(8~10 cm)全量还田,深翻作业深度30~35 cm,重耙后进行播种
秸秆全量粉碎深松浅翻还田(SSS)	收获后玉米秸秆全部粉碎(8~10 cm) 全量还田,深松深度25~30 cm,浅翻深度15~20 cm,重耙播种
秸秆全量粉碎深松还田(SCS)	收获后玉米秸秆全部粉碎 (8~10 cm) 全量还田,深松25~30 cm,重耙后播种
秸秆全量粉碎重耙还田 (SCR)	收获后玉米秸秆全部粉碎 (8~10 cm) 全量还田,重耙2遍,深度10~15 cm,常规播种
秸秆全量粉碎旋耕还田(STR)	收获后玉米秸秆全部粉碎 (8~10 cm) 全量还田,旋耕2遍,深度10~15 cm,常规播种
秸秆全量粉碎免耕还田(NTS)	玉米收获后秸秆全部粉碎(8~10 cm) 均匀覆盖地表还田,免耕播种
秸秆不还田常规耕作(CK)	玉米收获后秸秆全部移除,浅翻土壤,深度17~22 cm,重耙常规播种

处理 Treatments	操作方法 Operations
秸秆全量粉碎深翻还田(SCD)	收获后玉米秸秆全部粉碎(8~10 cm)全量还田,深翻作业深度30~35 cm,重耙后进行播种
秸秆全量粉碎深松浅翻还田(SSS)	收获后玉米秸秆全部粉碎(8~10 cm) 全量还田,深松深度25~30 cm,浅翻深度15~20 cm,重耙播种
秸秆全量粉碎深松还田(SCS)	收获后玉米秸秆全部粉碎 (8~10 cm) 全量还田,深松25~30 cm,重耙后播种
秸秆全量粉碎重耙还田 (SCR)	收获后玉米秸秆全部粉碎 (8~10 cm) 全量还田,重耙2遍,深度10~15 cm,常规播种
秸秆全量粉碎旋耕还田(STR)	收获后玉米秸秆全部粉碎 (8~10 cm) 全量还田,旋耕2遍,深度10~15 cm,常规播种
秸秆全量粉碎免耕还田(NTS)	玉米收获后秸秆全部粉碎(8~10 cm) 均匀覆盖地表还田,免耕播种
秸秆不还田常规耕作(CK)	玉米收获后秸秆全部移除,浅翻土壤,深度17~22 cm,重耙常规播种

年份 Year	播前—苗期 (PS—V1) Before sowing— Seedling stage	苗期—拔节期 (V1—V6) Seedling stage—Jointing stage	拔节期— 大喇叭口期 (V6—V12) Jointing stage—Big trumpet stage	大喇叭口期— 抽雄期—吐丝期 (V12—VT—R1) Big trumpet stage—Tasseling stage—Silking stage	抽雄期— 吐丝期—灌浆期 (VT—R1—R2) Tasseling stage—Silking stage— Filling stage	灌浆期—成熟期 (R2—R6) Filling stage— Mature stage	总计 Total
2022	74.60	179.10	56.70	27.10	21.60	15.50	374.60
2023	41.20	254.00	143.20	88.10	69.40	10.30	606.20

年份 Year	播前—苗期 (PS—V1) Before sowing— Seedling stage	苗期—拔节期 (V1—V6) Seedling stage—Jointing stage	拔节期— 大喇叭口期 (V6—V12) Jointing stage—Big trumpet stage	大喇叭口期— 抽雄期—吐丝期 (V12—VT—R1) Big trumpet stage—Tasseling stage—Silking stage	抽雄期— 吐丝期—灌浆期 (VT—R1—R2) Tasseling stage—Silking stage— Filling stage	灌浆期—成熟期 (R2—R6) Filling stage— Mature stage	总计 Total
2022	74.60	179.10	56.70	27.10	21.60	15.50	374.60
2023	41.20	254.00	143.20	88.10	69.40	10.30	606.20

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	大喇叭口期 Big trumpet stage	抽雄期—吐丝期 Tasseling stage—Silking stage	灌浆期 Filling stage	成熟期 Mature stage
2022	SCD	1.40±0.01bc	52.29±1.13ab	106.72±2.23a	213.99±1.89a	278.92±11.66a	353.21±6.81a
	SSS	1.42±0.02bc	45.42±4.53b	93.00±3.02c	195.24±8.45b	273.28±16.88a	332.81±6.29b
	SCS	1.54±0.09a	50.61±7.58ab	92.51±5.30c	172.44±4.60c	263.77±3.23a	304.87±6.46c
	SCR	1.50±0.00ab	49.03±0.20ab	92.86±2.23c	167.48±0.98c	262.03±4.38a	301.74±6.34c
	STR	1.34±0.01c	56.32±0.92a	104.72±2.36ab	185.64±5.71b	260.41±7.32a	313.74±5.27c
	NTS	1.13±0.05d	48.11±0.83b	98.57±1.47bc	137.04±6.18d	245.68±8.66a	249.82±4.85e
	CK	1.14±0.07d	46.87±1.10b	84.88±5.29d	168.77±6.20c	256.09±4.38a	281.29±4.31d
2023	SCD	1.45±0.08a	57.60±2.49a	91.56±3.09a	155.38±5.35b	204.87±13.24a	331.24±5.00a
	SSS	1.42±0.01ab	51.13±0.79b	89.04±3.17a	162.04±4.75ab	199.54±3.89a	306.27±6.30a
	SCS	1.37±0.02ab	32.58±1.27c	84.76±2.82ab	131.03±2.13c	200.38±1.67a	240.04±2.80c
	SCR	1.35±0.03b	34.16±1.50c	85.33±1.37ab	169.80±8.25a	181.69±3.99b	287.88±6.44b
	STR	1.41±0.03ab	49.54±0.61b	87.81±4.08ab	132.38±8.84c	177.54±4.64b	274.65±2.54b
	NTS	1.34±0.01b	31.44±1.53c	71.98±2.82c	116.82±5.95d	161.35±4.57c	227.38±1.40d
	CK	1.23±0.03c	32.00±0.56c	77.20±3.17bc	127.89±2.28cd	173.57±6.67bc	249.08±5.56c

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