Effects of Long-term Application of Fertilizers on Rhizosphere Soil Nitrogen Cycling Enzyme Activity and Yield in Double Cropping Rice Field

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195028

Abstract

Abstract:

Soil nitrogen(N)cycling enzyme activity serves as a crucial indicator for characterizing soil fertility and N transformation.To investigate the effects of long-term application of fertilizers on the soil enzyme activities correlated with N cycling in rhizosphere soil of double-cropping rice fields in southern China,our project was based on a continue 37-year fertilization localization field experiment,including four fertilization treatments:without fertilizer as a control(CK),single fertilizer(MF),rice straw residue and mineral fertilizer(RF),and 30% organic manure and 70% mineral fertilizer(OM).The activities of N cycling enzymes in the rhizosphere soil were measured,and their correlation with soil chemical properties was analyzed.The results were as follows:compared to MF and CK treatments,OM and RF treatments significantly increased the contents of total N(TN),organic carbon(SOC),ammonium N($\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}-\mathrm{N}$),nitrate N($\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}-\mathrm{N}$)and microbial biomass N(SMBN)in rhizosphere soil,and also increased rice yield.The urease(Ure)and nitrite reductase(NiR)activities of rhizosphere soil in OM and RF treatments were significantly higher than those in MF and CK treatments.The RF treatment significantly increased rhizosphere soil hydroxylamine reductase(HyR)activities compared to the other three treatments,by 21.7%,13.0%,and 8.7%,respectively.This finding shown that OM treatment significantly increased protease(Pro),nitrogenase(Nit),nitrate reductase(NR)and nitrous oxide reductase(Nos)in rhizosphere soil compared to RF,MF and CK treatments.In comparison to MF treatment,OM treatments increased Pro,Nit,NR and Nos activities in rhizosphere soil by 20.0%,26.1%,426.1% and 26.7%,respectively.Nonetheless,the activity of nitric oxide reductase(Nor)on rhizosphere soil was considerably higher in the CK treatment than in MF,RF and OM treatments.Pearson correlation analysis revealed a substantial positive correlation between soil NR,NiR,Nit,Nos,Ure,Pro and soil TN,SOC,$\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}-\mathrm{N}$,$\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}-\mathrm{N}$,SMBN as well as rice yield.Soil Nor activity was observed to have a significantly negative connection with soil TN,SOC,$\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}-\mathrm{N}$,$\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}-\mathrm{N}$,SMBN and rice yield.The findings presented above showed that soil chemical properties and yield were substantially related to rhizosphere soil N cycling enzyme activities.Redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that the first order axis could explain 93.34% of the enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil and soil $\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}-\mathrm{N}$,TN and SOC contents were the key factors affecting the pattern of rhizosphere soil enzyme activities.Therefore,the long-term application of organic materials such as organic manure and rice straw can enhance soil chemical and biological characteristics,stimulate soil N cycling enzyme activities,and effectively fertilize paddy soils by partially replacing chemical fertilizers.

Key words: Double-cropping rice, Enzyme activity, Nitrogen cycling, Yield, Long-term fertilization, Rhizosphere soil

GUO Yong, WEN Li, SHI Lihong, LI Chao, CHENG Kaikai, LUO Hanfang, LI Hairong, ZHOU Guodong, TANG Haiming. Effects of Long-term Application of Fertilizers on Rhizosphere Soil Nitrogen Cycling Enzyme Activity and Yield in Double Cropping Rice Field[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(1): 113-121. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195028.

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Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1 Chemical characteristics of rhizosphere soil under long-term fertilization treatment Different lowercase letters above the bars represent significant difference among treatments at 0.05 level.The same as Fig.2.

Tab.1 Rhizosphere soil microbial biomass nitrogen content and late rice yield under long-term fertilization treatment

处理 Treatments	土壤微生物量氮含量/ (mg/kg) SMBN	晚稻产量/(kg/hm²) Late rice yield
MF	37.64±1.86c	5 301.23±164.70b
RF	41.50±1.86b	5 676.93±117.36a
OM	45.26±2.27a	5 849.97±89.08a
CK	34.63±1.74c	3 065.63±85.94c

Fig.2 Nitrogen cycling enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil under long-term fertilization treatment

Tab.2 Pearson correlation results of rhizosphere soil enzyme activity with soil chemical properties and rice yield under different long-term fertilizer treatments

指标 Indexes	硝酸还原酶 NR	亚硝酸还原酶 NiR	羟基还原酶 HyR	固氮酶 Nit	一氧化氮还原酶 Nor	氧化亚氮还原酶 Nos	脲酶 Ure	蛋白酶 Pro
pH	0.636^*	0.868^**	0.588^*	0.527	-0.386	0.604^*	0.750^**	0.776^**
全氮 TN	0.809^**	0.615^*	0.476	0.869^**	-0.748^**	0.840^**	0.769^**	0.913^**
有机碳 SOC	0.855^**	0.697^*	0.568	0.857^**	-0.701^*	0.866^**	0.835^**	0.932^**
铵态氮 $NH 4 +$ -N	0.913^**	0.747^**	0.629^*	0.907^**	-0.722^**	0.930^**	0.882^**	0.960^**
硝态氮 $NO 3 -$ -N	0.899^**	0.691^*	0.594^*	0.912^**	-0.750^**	0.929^**	0.861^**	0.955^**
微生物量氮 SMBN	0.870^**	0.812^**	0.659^*	0.833^**	-0.660^*	0.878^**	0.885^**	0.954^**
产量 Yield	0.894^**	0.808^**	0.761^**	0.866^**	-0.668^*	0.957^**	0.876^**	0.911^**

Tab.2 Pearson correlation results of rhizosphere soil enzyme activity with soil chemical properties and rice yield under different long-term fertilizer treatments

指标 Indexes	硝酸还原酶 NR	亚硝酸还原酶 NiR	羟基还原酶 HyR	固氮酶 Nit	一氧化氮还原酶 Nor	氧化亚氮还原酶 Nos	脲酶 Ure	蛋白酶 Pro
pH	0.636^*	0.868^**	0.588^*	0.527	-0.386	0.604^*	0.750^**	0.776^**
全氮 TN	0.809^**	0.615^*	0.476	0.869^**	-0.748^**	0.840^**	0.769^**	0.913^**
有机碳 SOC	0.855^**	0.697^*	0.568	0.857^**	-0.701^*	0.866^**	0.835^**	0.932^**
铵态氮 $NH 4 +$ -N	0.913^**	0.747^**	0.629^*	0.907^**	-0.722^**	0.930^**	0.882^**	0.960^**
硝态氮 $NO 3 -$ -N	0.899^**	0.691^*	0.594^*	0.912^**	-0.750^**	0.929^**	0.861^**	0.955^**
微生物量氮 SMBN	0.870^**	0.812^**	0.659^*	0.833^**	-0.660^*	0.878^**	0.885^**	0.954^**
产量 Yield	0.894^**	0.808^**	0.761^**	0.866^**	-0.668^*	0.957^**	0.876^**	0.911^**

Fig.3 Redundancy analysis of rhizosphere soil enzyme activities constrained by changes in soil chemical characteristics and microbial biomass nitrogen

Tab.3 The conditional effects of forward selection through redundancy analysis

因素 Factors	条件效应 Conditional effect
因素 Factors	解释度/% Explained	F	P
硝态氮 $NO 3 -$ -N	82.4	46.8	0.002
全氮 TN	7.6	6.8	0.008
有机碳 SOC	3.1	3.6	0.042
铵态氮 $NH 4 +$ -N	2.3	3.6	0.068
微生物量氮 SMBN	1.4	2.7	0.090
pH	1.4	3.9	0.060

Tab.3 The conditional effects of forward selection through redundancy analysis

因素 Factors	条件效应 Conditional effect
因素 Factors	解释度/% Explained	F	P
硝态氮 $NO 3 -$ -N	82.4	46.8	0.002
全氮 TN	7.6	6.8	0.008
有机碳 SOC	3.1	3.6	0.042
铵态氮 $NH 4 +$ -N	2.3	3.6	0.068
微生物量氮 SMBN	1.4	2.7	0.090
pH	1.4	3.9	0.060

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