Effect of Sowing Date on Yield Formation and Plant Type Structure of Wheat

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193629

Abstract

Abstract:

The effects of sowing date on the yield and yield components of winter wheat,and the response characteristics of growth and development and plant type structure to accumulated temperature were studied in order to clarify the growth characteristics and reasonable plant type structure of wheat adapting to climate change.From autumn 2017 to summer 2019,field trials were conducted in Gaocheng,Hebei Province.Five sowing dates were set,September 25,October 5,October 15,October 25 and November 4.The results showed that the yield of wheat was higher sown from October 5 to 15 than other treatments,and the accumulated temperature before winter was 410-549 ℃.When accumulated temperature before winter was suitable,spike number was high and grain number per spike was moderate.When the accumulated temperature was as high as 733 ℃,the number of invalid tillers was more,the effective tiller rate was lower,and spike number was lower.When the accumulated temperature was insufficient to 279 ℃,the spike number and grain number per spike decreased.Accumulated temperature had a significant effect on growth and development indicators.Under the condition of high and stable yield,the individual index of wheat before winter was put forward:the number of main stem and tillers per plant was 2.3,the number of secondary roots was 2.5,the number of leaves of main stem was 4.1,and the spike differentiation of over winter was single edge stage.The accumulated temperature had an obvious effect on the plant structure of wheat.Delay with sowing date,the flag leaf became longer and wider,the leaf area increased,and the leaf from the top third to the top fifth became narrower and the leaf area decreased.Delay with sowing date,stem diameter of the base increased,the stem length of the top first to top second increased and length of the top third to top fifth decreased,and plant height decreased significantly.According to the equation of yield and accumulated temperature before winter,it was recommended that the suitable sowing time of wheat was October 8 to 14 under high and stable yield conditions,and the accumulated temperature range before winter was 433-541 ℃.Under late sowing conditions,the plant type structure was more reasonable,the growth and development of the plant were moderate before winter,the flag leaf was smaller and its stem length was shorter,and the leaf from the top third to the top fifth from the top was larger and their stem was slightly longer.

Key words: Winter wheat, Sowing date, Yield, Growth and development, Plant type structure

LÜ Lihua, WU Liyong, LI Qian, LIU Chaofang, YAO Yanrong, JIA Xiuling. Effect of Sowing Date on Yield Formation and Plant Type Structure of Wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(S1): 53-62. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193629.

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References 24

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年份 Year	播种日期 (月-日) Sowing date	返青 (月-日) Reviving	起身 (月-日) Erecting	拔节 (月-日) Jointing	开花 (月-日) Anthesis	收获 (月-日) Harvest	生育天数/d Growth period	干热风时间/d Dry hot wind time	冬前≥0 ℃积温/℃ Accumulated temperature of ≥0 ℃ before winter
2017-2018	09-25	03-06	03-21	03-28	04-30	06-02	250	6	731
	10-05	03-06	03-22	03-29	04-30	06-03	241	7	553
	10-15	03-06	03-24	03-31	05-01	06-04	232	9	412
	10-25	03-06	03-26	04-02	05-02	06-04	222	10	283
	11-04	03-06	03-28	04-04	05-05	06-06	214	10	183
2018-2019	09-25	-	-	03-23	05-02	06-02	250	5	735
	10-05	-	-	03-26	05-04	06-03	241	5	545
	10-15	-	-	03-30	05-06	06-05	233	5	408
	10-25	-	-	04-02	05-08	06-06	224	5	275
	11-04	-	-	04-06	05-09	06-07	215	5	161

年份 Year	播种日期 (月-日) Sowing date	返青 (月-日) Reviving	起身 (月-日) Erecting	拔节 (月-日) Jointing	开花 (月-日) Anthesis	收获 (月-日) Harvest	生育天数/d Growth period	干热风时间/d Dry hot wind time	冬前≥0 ℃积温/℃ Accumulated temperature of ≥0 ℃ before winter
2017-2018	09-25	03-06	03-21	03-28	04-30	06-02	250	6	731
	10-05	03-06	03-22	03-29	04-30	06-03	241	7	553
	10-15	03-06	03-24	03-31	05-01	06-04	232	9	412
	10-25	03-06	03-26	04-02	05-02	06-04	222	10	283
	11-04	03-06	03-28	04-04	05-05	06-06	214	10	183
2018-2019	09-25	-	-	03-23	05-02	06-02	250	5	735
	10-05	-	-	03-26	05-04	06-03	241	5	545
	10-15	-	-	03-30	05-06	06-05	233	5	408
	10-25	-	-	04-02	05-08	06-06	224	5	275
	11-04	-	-	04-06	05-09	06-07	215	5	161

年份 Years	播期(月-日) Sowing date	穗数/(穗/m²) Spike number	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒质量/g Thousand grains weight	产量/(kg/hm²) Grain yield
2017-2018	09-25	865.5±19.9c	21.6±1.3b	33.9±1.1bc	7 810.3±199.7b
	10-05	918.8±11.4b	24.3±1.4a	33.6±0.9c	8 356.9±247.6a
	10-15	1 026.0±37.1a	20.3±1.2bc	34.9±0.8b	8 233.1±306.9a
	10-25	914.3±14.0b	18.6±1.6d	35.7±1.2b	7 627.9±282.9b
	11-04	837.0±8.4d	17.9±1.5d	37.6±1.7a	6 842.0±95.4c
2018-2019	09-25	741.7±12.0e	26.1±1.6a	45.9±1.5a	9 721.5±207.2b
	10-05	910.6±21.9a	24.7±1.2b	43.8±1.3b	10 250.0±347.3a
	10-15	882.6±20.8ab	24.1±1.3b	43.1±1.4b	10 490.1±249.8a
	10-25	846.2±12.4c	22.4±1.5bc	39.5±0.8c	8 299.2±130.6c
	11-04	807.6±10.6d	23.4±1.0bc	39.6±1.6c	7 645.3±160.3d

年份 Years	播期(月-日) Sowing date	穗数/(穗/m²) Spike number	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒质量/g Thousand grains weight	产量/(kg/hm²) Grain yield
2017-2018	09-25	865.5±19.9c	21.6±1.3b	33.9±1.1bc	7 810.3±199.7b
	10-05	918.8±11.4b	24.3±1.4a	33.6±0.9c	8 356.9±247.6a
	10-15	1 026.0±37.1a	20.3±1.2bc	34.9±0.8b	8 233.1±306.9a
	10-25	914.3±14.0b	18.6±1.6d	35.7±1.2b	7 627.9±282.9b
	11-04	837.0±8.4d	17.9±1.5d	37.6±1.7a	6 842.0±95.4c
2018-2019	09-25	741.7±12.0e	26.1±1.6a	45.9±1.5a	9 721.5±207.2b
	10-05	910.6±21.9a	24.7±1.2b	43.8±1.3b	10 250.0±347.3a
	10-15	882.6±20.8ab	24.1±1.3b	43.1±1.4b	10 490.1±249.8a
	10-25	846.2±12.4c	22.4±1.5bc	39.5±0.8c	8 299.2±130.6c
	11-04	807.6±10.6d	23.4±1.0bc	39.6±1.6c	7 645.3±160.3d

播期 (月-日) Sowing date	主茎和分蘖数量 /(个/株) Number of main stem and tillers	次生根数量 /(个/株) Number of secondary roots	主茎叶片数 Leaf number of main stem	大蘖 /(个/株) Big tiller	越冬穗分化 Overwintering spikes differentiation	返青穗分化 Reviving spikes differentiation
09-25	5.5±0.3a	6.3±0.0a	6.5±0.0a	1.2±0.1a	3	5
10-05	4.1±0.2b	4.9±0.0b	5.8±0.1b	0.9±0.1b	2	4
10-15	2.3±0.1c	2.5±0.3c	4.1±0.0c	0.0±0.0c	2	3
10-25	1.2±0.2d	0.8±0.5d	2.5±0.2d	0.0±0.0c	1	2
11-04	1.0±0.0de	0.0±0.0e	1.1±0.0e	0.0±0.0c	1	2

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