Improving Effects of Intercropping and Rotation on Plant Growth, Yield and Quality of Continuous Cropping Peanut

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195031

Abstract

Abstract:

This study explored the effects of intercropping and rotation on the growth,yield and quality of continuous cropping peanut,to provide theoretical basis for achieving high yield in peanut production.From 2022 to 2023,sweet potato-peanut rotation system(PSP)and maize-peanut intercropping and rotation system(PMP)were set up in the experimental farm of Henan University of Science and Technology on the basis of continuous cropping peanut for 2 years and 11 years respectively,with continuous cropping peanut as control(CCP1 and CCP2,respectively).The effects of PSP and PMP on photosynthetic characteristics,root characteristics,dry matter accumulation and distribution and yield of peanut were studied.The results showed that compared with CCP1,the leaf area index(LAI)of rotating peanut in PSP system(SRP)was significantly increased by 35.08%—53.68% and 24.32%—33.52% at pod-setting stage(PSS)and full pod maturity stage(PMS),respectively.The SPAD value at PSS and pod bulking stage(PBS)increased by 11.93%—18.55% and 5.95%—9.63%,respectively.Compared with CCP2,the LAI of rotating peanut in PMP system(MRP)increased by 46.81%—57.96% and 27.00%—61.78% at PSS and PMS,respectively.At PSS and PBS,compared with CCP2,the SPAD value of MRP and intercropping peanut(MIP)increased by 3.32%—3.69%,7.50%—8.64% and 5.47%—18.37%,15.73%—31.11%,respectively.At PSS and PBS,compared with CCP1,the net photosynthetic rate of SRP increased by 23.68%—41.31% and 26.52%—32.55%,and compared with CCP2,MRP increased by 12.77%—17.81% and 16.88%—62.07%,respectively.They both significantly improved the root length and root tip number,and promoted the dry matter accumulation and the distribution to pods during PMS,and the yields increased by 31.42%—47.36% and 54.12%—75.09%,respectively.Compared with CCP2,MIP reduced the LAI,net photosynthetic rate,root length,root tip number,as well as dry matter accumulation and yield of peanut under the influence of maize shading.At the same time,the content of peanut oleic acid and oleic acid-linoleic acid ratio was significantly increased after rotation.Among them,SRP increased by 1.63—1.65 percentage point and 6.59%—10.52%,respectively,compared with CCP1,and MRP increased by 1.95—2.82 percentage point and 9.75%—14.16% compared with CCP2,respectively.In summary,sweet potato-peanut rotation and maize-peanut rotation increased the peanut yield compared with continuous cropping peanut,the reason was that sweet potato-peanut and maize-peanut rotation promoted peanut root growth,delayed the leaf senescence,and increased photosynthetic rate,especially the photosynthetic rate during late growth period,which promoted the dry matter accumulation and distribution to seeds.Besides that,they could improve the quality of peanut to a certain extent.

Key words: Peanut, Continuous cropping, Intercropping, Rotation, Photosynthesis, Plant growth, Yield

DING Di, LIU Han, WANG Jiangtao, ZHU Chenxu, WANG Qi, LIU Juan, JIAO Nianyuan. Improving Effects of Intercropping and Rotation on Plant Growth, Yield and Quality of Continuous Cropping Peanut[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(6): 115-124. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195031.

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References 36

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[1]	李庆凯, 郭峰, 唐朝辉, 刘苹, 宋效宗, 林海涛, 沈玉文, 李林, 万书波. 三种酚酸类物质在花生连作障碍中的生态效应分析[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2019, 41(1):53-63.doi:10.7505/j.issn.1007-9084.2019.01.008.

年份 Year	种植体系 Cropping system	生育时期 Growth period	种植方式 Planting pattern	净光合速率/ (μmol/(m²·s)) Pn	气孔导度/ (mol/(m²·s)) Gs	胞间CO₂浓度/ (μmol/mol) Ci	蒸腾速率/ (mmol/(m²·s)) Tr
2022	PSP	PSS	CCP1	19.78±0.57b	0.62±0.03b	307.24±1.51a	5.89±0.23b
			SRP	27.95±0.49a	0.87±0.03a	304.19±0.61b	6.11±0.17a
		PBS	CCP1	19.17±0.11b	0.43±0.00b	289.44±0.41a	8.87±0.10b
			SRP	25.41±0.13a	0.69±0.00a	287.42±0.12b	9.73±0.04a
	PMP	PSS	CCP2	23.81±0.11b	1.02±0.00a	308.12±0.31a	11.35±0.02a
			MRP	28.05±0.88a	1.17±0.12a	301.31±1.30b	12.23±0.85a
		PBS	CCP2	11.48±0.17b	0.32±0.07a	315.28±6.50a	6.61±0.85a
			MRP	18.61±0.23a	0.32±0.01a	273.29±1.00b	5.26±0.13a
2023	PSP	PSS	CCP1	23.08±0.11b	0.75±0.01b	303.97±0.55a	9.93±0.09b
			SRP	28.54±0.52a	0.84±0.01a	296.42±1.61b	11.43±0.38a
		PBS	CCP1	19.31±0.07b	0.23±0.00b	223.50±1.80a	3.53±0.05b
			SRP	24.43±0.15a	0.26±0.01a	197.01±2.91b	4.05±0.07a
	PMP	PSS	CCP2	26.39±0.04b	0.47±0.01a	262.89±1.19ab	9.57±0.06b
			MRP	29.76±0.72a	0.47±0.01a	242.65±6.30b	9.64±0.13b
			MIP	20.23±0.59c	0.52±0.03a	276.81±13.39a	10.89±0.07a
		PBS	CCP2	20.29±0.03b	0.29±0.00b	244.41±1.58c	4.71±0.05c
			MRP	23.72±0.14a	0.67±0.00a	295.80±0.48a	5.53±0.01a
			MIP	14.73±0.27c	0.26±0.01c	272.36±2.91b	5.32±0.17b

年份 Year	种植体系 Cropping system	生育时期 Growth period	种植方式 Planting pattern	净光合速率/ (μmol/(m²·s)) Pn	气孔导度/ (mol/(m²·s)) Gs	胞间CO₂浓度/ (μmol/mol) Ci	蒸腾速率/ (mmol/(m²·s)) Tr
2022	PSP	PSS	CCP1	19.78±0.57b	0.62±0.03b	307.24±1.51a	5.89±0.23b
			SRP	27.95±0.49a	0.87±0.03a	304.19±0.61b	6.11±0.17a
		PBS	CCP1	19.17±0.11b	0.43±0.00b	289.44±0.41a	8.87±0.10b
			SRP	25.41±0.13a	0.69±0.00a	287.42±0.12b	9.73±0.04a
	PMP	PSS	CCP2	23.81±0.11b	1.02±0.00a	308.12±0.31a	11.35±0.02a
			MRP	28.05±0.88a	1.17±0.12a	301.31±1.30b	12.23±0.85a
		PBS	CCP2	11.48±0.17b	0.32±0.07a	315.28±6.50a	6.61±0.85a
			MRP	18.61±0.23a	0.32±0.01a	273.29±1.00b	5.26±0.13a
2023	PSP	PSS	CCP1	23.08±0.11b	0.75±0.01b	303.97±0.55a	9.93±0.09b
			SRP	28.54±0.52a	0.84±0.01a	296.42±1.61b	11.43±0.38a
		PBS	CCP1	19.31±0.07b	0.23±0.00b	223.50±1.80a	3.53±0.05b
			SRP	24.43±0.15a	0.26±0.01a	197.01±2.91b	4.05±0.07a
	PMP	PSS	CCP2	26.39±0.04b	0.47±0.01a	262.89±1.19ab	9.57±0.06b
			MRP	29.76±0.72a	0.47±0.01a	242.65±6.30b	9.64±0.13b
			MIP	20.23±0.59c	0.52±0.03a	276.81±13.39a	10.89±0.07a
		PBS	CCP2	20.29±0.03b	0.29±0.00b	244.41±1.58c	4.71±0.05c
			MRP	23.72±0.14a	0.67±0.00a	295.80±0.48a	5.53±0.01a
			MIP	14.73±0.27c	0.26±0.01c	272.36±2.91b	5.32±0.17b

种植体系 Cropping system	种植方式 Planting pattern	总根长/cm Total root length	根表面积/cm² Root surface area	根平均直径/mm Root average diameter	根体积/cm³ Root volume	根尖数/个 Root tip number
PSP	CCP1	364.39±3.73b	94.69±4.18b	0.81±0.04b	1.86±0.09b	989.07±42.25b
	SRP	402.51±4.45a	116.18±4.69a	0.93±0.04a	2.71±0.20a	1 374.67±77.91a
PMP	CCP2	471.48±1.51b	114.53±18.63ab	0.68±0.04b	1.85±0.39a	1 426.17±67.09b
	MRP	570.72±15.65a	126.64±2.67a	0.75±0.02a	1.89±0.13a	1 752.97±128.70a
	MIP	401.12±31.84c	95.99±4.91b	0.72±0.02ab	1.73±0.13a	1 090.40±129.38c

种植体系 Cropping system	种植方式 Planting pattern	总根长/cm Total root length	根表面积/cm² Root surface area	根平均直径/mm Root average diameter	根体积/cm³ Root volume	根尖数/个 Root tip number
PSP	CCP1	364.39±3.73b	94.69±4.18b	0.81±0.04b	1.86±0.09b	989.07±42.25b
	SRP	402.51±4.45a	116.18±4.69a	0.93±0.04a	2.71±0.20a	1 374.67±77.91a
PMP	CCP2	471.48±1.51b	114.53±18.63ab	0.68±0.04b	1.85±0.39a	1 426.17±67.09b
	MRP	570.72±15.65a	126.64±2.67a	0.75±0.02a	1.89±0.13a	1 752.97±128.70a
	MIP	401.12±31.84c	95.99±4.91b	0.72±0.02ab	1.73±0.13a	1 090.40±129.38c

年份 Year	种植体系 Cropping system	种植方式 Planting pattern	干物质积累量/(g/株) Dry matter accumulation			干物质分配比例/% Dry matter distribution rate
年份 Year	种植体系 Cropping system	种植方式 Planting pattern	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	荚果 Pod	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	荚果 Pod
2022	PSP	CCP1	19.30±2.11b	16.31±1.21b	24.80±0.48b	31.88±1.75a	27.00±1.10a	41.12±1.68b
		SRP	20.74±2.14a	18.28±0.72a	38.74±0.10a	26.63±2.04b	23.51±0.91b	49.85±1.54a
	PMP	CCP2	15.46±0.17b	7.32±0.58b	18.66±0.87b	37.23±1.34a	17.65±0.82a	45.01±0.84a
		MRP	25.92±2.85a	12.97±1.58a	34.00±2.07a	35.51±2.00a	17.75±0.97a	46.73±2.85a
2023	PSP	CCP1	17.85±0.59b	13.95±1.85b	19.85±0.61b	34.60±1.01a	26.93±2.03a	38.47±1.04a
		SRP	28.68±1.82a	18.71±0.62a	26.20±1.07a	38.95±1.74a	25.42±0.40a	35.64±2.11a
	PMP	CCP2	20.89±0.67b	13.87±0.25a	18.79±0.83b	39.01±0.74a	25.91±0.68b	35.08±0.65b
		MRP	30.23±1.00a	15.04±1.20a	30.63±1.61a	39.85±1.83a	19.80±0.90c	40.35±1.01a
		MIP	16.30±1.23c	11.98±0.37b	14.96±0.87c	37.69±2.63a	27.71±0.62a	34.60±2.03b

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