Responses of Diurnal Variation of Surface CO2 and N2O to Continuous Green Manure Incorporation in Tobacco Field

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195489

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the diurnal variation characteristics and influencing factors of surface CO₂ and N₂O emission fluxes in tobacco fields in central Henan under the management mode of continuous green manure incorporation,and to determine the optimal collection time of the two gases,in 2021,based on a long-term experiment in Maozhuang Science and Education Park of Henan Agricultural University,a 24-hour continuous dynamic observation was carried out by static dark box-gas chromatography every 30 days after tobacco seedlings were transplanted.The daily emission fluxes of CO₂ and N₂O in tobacco fields under nitrogen phosphorus potassium treatment(NPK)and NPK+planting and turning over ryegrass treatment(NPKG)were measured.The results showed that the tobacco field soil in central Henan was the source of CO₂ and N₂O emissions,and the emission trend was similar to the trajectory of atmospheric temperature change,which was high in day and low in night,and the average emission flux of day and night reached a significant difference level.The CO₂ emission flux showed an inconspicuous bimodal pattern at 30 and 60 days after transplanting,and a single peak state of high day and low night at 90 days after transplanting.The N₂O flux showed a single peak state of high day and low night.The CO₂ and N₂O emission fluxes of NPKG treatment were significantly higher than those of NPK treatment.The CO₂ emission fluxes of three typical days were 90 d>60 d>30 d,and the N₂O emission fluxes were 60 d>90 d>30 d.During the observation days,water-filled porosity of soil(WFPS) and 10 cm soil temperature jointly affected the emission rates of CO₂ and N₂O,and the 10 cm soil temperature was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the daily emission fluxes of CO₂ and N₂O.The correction coefficients of daily CO₂ and N₂O emission fluxes at 9:00 and 21:00 were the closest to 1,and there was no significant difference compared with the daily average emission flux.There was a significant positive correlation between CO₂ flux and N₂O flux.Within a certain range,the N₂O flux increased linearly with the increase of CO₂ flux.In summary,continuous green manure returning increased the surface CO₂ and N₂O emission flux of tobacco field,and the best collection time of CO₂ and N₂O was around 9:00 and 21:00.During the three sampling days of tobacco growth period,the surface CO₂ emission flux of NPK treatment and NPKG treatment was the highest at 90 days after transplanting,followed by 60 days.The N₂O emission flux was the highest at 60 days after transplanting,followed by 90 days.

Key words: Tobacco field, CO₂, N₂O, Diurnal variation, Green manure returning to the field

CLC Number:

CHEN Yulu, WANG Weining, SUN Feng, WANG Baoxiang, WANG Jian, BI Qingwen, FENG Yuyang, NIE Chenxu, YE Xiefeng. Responses of Diurnal Variation of Surface CO₂ and N₂O to Continuous Green Manure Incorporation in Tobacco Field[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(3): 104-113. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195489.

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References 44

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移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting	指标 Index	取样时刻 Sampling time
移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting	指标 Index	9∶00	12∶00	15∶00	18∶00	21∶00	0∶00	3∶00	6∶00	9∶00
30	CO₂通量	0.014^*	0.007^**	0.010^*	0.002^**	0.016^*	0.005^**	0.013^*	0.023^*	0.017^*
	N₂O通量	0.054	0.003^**	0.020^*	0.011^*	0.052	0.002^**	0.006^**	0.014^*	0.026^*
	WFPS	0.008^**	0.099	0.122	0.003^**	0.863	0.003^**	0.362	0.875	0.002^**
60	CO₂通量	0.006^**	0.007^**	0.027^*	0.002^**	0.010^**	0.017^*	0.008^**	0.005^*	0.004^**
	N₂O通量	0.006^**	0.004^*	0.003^**	0.008^**	0.005^**	0.011^*	0.001^**	0.003^**	0.021^*
	WFPS	0.878	0.045^*	0.564	0.141	0.619	0.685	0.959	0.021^*	<0.001^**
90	CO₂通量	0.005^**	0.001^**	0.003^**	0.008^**	0.006^**	0.005^**	0.017^*	0.002^**	0.006^**
	N₂O通量	0.010^*	0.002^**	0.028^*	0.016^*	0.039^*	0.003^**	0.005^**	0.006^**	0.018^*
	WFPS	0.084	0.367	0.355	0.903	0.334	0.143	0.015^*	0.753	0.626

移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting	指标 Index	取样时刻 Sampling time
移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting	指标 Index	9∶00	12∶00	15∶00	18∶00	21∶00	0∶00	3∶00	6∶00	9∶00
30	CO₂通量	0.014^*	0.007^**	0.010^*	0.002^**	0.016^*	0.005^**	0.013^*	0.023^*	0.017^*
	N₂O通量	0.054	0.003^**	0.020^*	0.011^*	0.052	0.002^**	0.006^**	0.014^*	0.026^*
	WFPS	0.008^**	0.099	0.122	0.003^**	0.863	0.003^**	0.362	0.875	0.002^**
60	CO₂通量	0.006^**	0.007^**	0.027^*	0.002^**	0.010^**	0.017^*	0.008^**	0.005^*	0.004^**
	N₂O通量	0.006^**	0.004^*	0.003^**	0.008^**	0.005^**	0.011^*	0.001^**	0.003^**	0.021^*
	WFPS	0.878	0.045^*	0.564	0.141	0.619	0.685	0.959	0.021^*	<0.001^**
90	CO₂通量	0.005^**	0.001^**	0.003^**	0.008^**	0.006^**	0.005^**	0.017^*	0.002^**	0.006^**
	N₂O通量	0.010^*	0.002^**	0.028^*	0.016^*	0.039^*	0.003^**	0.005^**	0.006^**	0.018^*
	WFPS	0.084	0.367	0.355	0.903	0.334	0.143	0.015^*	0.753	0.626

温室气体 Greenhouse gas	移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting	处理 Treatment	0~10 cm地温 0—10 cm ground temperature		WFPS
温室气体 Greenhouse gas	移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting	处理 Treatment	相关方程 Correlation equation	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	相关方程 Correlation equation	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
CO₂	30	NPK	y=-55.09+3.84x	0.631 0^*	y=96.33-1.08x	0.014 3
		NPKG	y=-115.35+7.22x	0.662 0^**	y=174.63-2.73x	0.095 4
	60	NPK	y=16.21+3.27x	0.758 0^**	y=192.90-1.96x	0.125 6
		NPKG	y=13.88+4.62x	0.789 5^**	y=-151.59+8.32x	0.456 9^*
	90	NPK	y=-133.79+9.73x	0.480 5^*	y=291.53-5.84x	0.212 6
		NPKG	y=-249.53+16.19x	0.796 9^**	y=178.03+0.99x	0.004 1
N₂O	30	NPK	y=-6.62+0.42x	0.930 4^**	y=10.04-0.12x	0.022 4
		NPKG	y=-5.91+0.48x	0.807 3^**	y=10.72-0.09x	0.027 0
	60	NPK	y=-1.71+0.33x	0.863 3^**	y=17.61-0.24x	0.205 7
		NPKG	y=-2.57+0.44x	0.891 7^**	y=-4.90+0.43x	0.151 1
	90	NPK	y=-5.64+0.47x	0.618 0^*	y=13.38-0.22x	0.171 3
		NPKG	y=-4.01+0.52x	0.928 7^**	y=10.45+0.01x	0.000 1

温室气体 Greenhouse gas	移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting	处理 Treatment	0~10 cm地温 0—10 cm ground temperature		WFPS
温室气体 Greenhouse gas	移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting	处理 Treatment	相关方程 Correlation equation	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	相关方程 Correlation equation	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
CO₂	30	NPK	y=-55.09+3.84x	0.631 0^*	y=96.33-1.08x	0.014 3
		NPKG	y=-115.35+7.22x	0.662 0^**	y=174.63-2.73x	0.095 4
	60	NPK	y=16.21+3.27x	0.758 0^**	y=192.90-1.96x	0.125 6
		NPKG	y=13.88+4.62x	0.789 5^**	y=-151.59+8.32x	0.456 9^*
	90	NPK	y=-133.79+9.73x	0.480 5^*	y=291.53-5.84x	0.212 6
		NPKG	y=-249.53+16.19x	0.796 9^**	y=178.03+0.99x	0.004 1
N₂O	30	NPK	y=-6.62+0.42x	0.930 4^**	y=10.04-0.12x	0.022 4
		NPKG	y=-5.91+0.48x	0.807 3^**	y=10.72-0.09x	0.027 0
	60	NPK	y=-1.71+0.33x	0.863 3^**	y=17.61-0.24x	0.205 7
		NPKG	y=-2.57+0.44x	0.891 7^**	y=-4.90+0.43x	0.151 1
	90	NPK	y=-5.64+0.47x	0.618 0^*	y=13.38-0.22x	0.171 3
		NPKG	y=-4.01+0.52x	0.928 7^**	y=10.45+0.01x	0.000 1

温室气体 Greenhouse gas	移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting	处理 Treatment	线性模型(Rs=a+bT+cW) Linear model (Rs=a+bT+cW)	决定系数(R²) Coefficient of determination ( R²)
CO₂	30	NPK	Rs=-100.707+4.062T+1.308W	0.650 0^*
		NPKG	Rs=-86.836+6.997T-0.810W	0.670 0^*
	60	NPK	Rs=27.263+3.211T-0.243W	0.760 0^*
		NPKG	Rs=-165.903+3.906T+5.454W	0.967 0^**
	90	NPK	Rs=-59.849+8.692T-1.833W	0.496 0
		NPKG	Rs=-299.109+16.353T+1.985W	0.813 0^**
N₂O	30	NPK	Rs=-11.474+0.443T+0.139W	0.957 0^**
		NPKG	Rs=-7.583+0.490T+0.047W	0.815 0^**
	60	NPK	Rs=1.473+0.313T-0.070W	0.897 0^**
		NPKG	Rs=-6.460+0.427T+0.118W	0.902 0^**
	90	NPK	Rs=-5.408+0.467T-0.006W	0.629 0^*
		NPKG	Rs=-4.947+0.528T+0.038W	0.935 0^**

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Responses of Diurnal Variation of Surface CO₂ and N₂O to Continuous Green Manure Incorporation in Tobacco Field

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温室气体 Greenhouse gas	移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting	处理 Treatment	取样时刻 Sampling time
温室气体 Greenhouse gas	移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting	处理 Treatment	9:00	12:00	15:00	18:00	21:00	0:00	3:00	6:00	9:00
CO₂	30	NPK	1.05^*	0.71	0.92^*	0.78	1.01^*	1.24	1.31	1.49	0.97^*
		NPKG	1.06^*	0.72	0.87	0.79	0.94^*	1.24	1.33	1.51	1.03^*
	60	NPK	0.99^*	0.80	0.91^*	0.88	0.99^*	1.04^*	1.22	1.30	1.04^*
		NPKG	0.92^*	0.81	0.93^*	0.86	1.02^*	1.14	1.17	1.28	1.05^*
	90	NPK	0.93^*	0.73	0.83	0.88	0.99^*	1.20	1.33	1.37	1.09^*
		NPKG	0.92^*	0.73	0.78	0.96^*	1.05^*	1.22	1.32	1.31	1.06^*
N₂O	30	NPK	1.04^*	0.82	0.74	0.86	0.96^*	1.25	1.29	1.39	1.04^*
		NPKG	1.07^*	0.86	0.76	0.91^*	0.98^*	1.15	1.18	1.32	1.03^*
	60	NPK	1.01^*	0.84	0.75	0.89^*	1.02^*	1.07^*	1.29	1.37	1.07^*
		NPKG	0.99^*	0.84	0.76	0.88	0.96^*	1.15	1.30	1.35	1.08^*
	90	NPK	1.00^*	0.89^*	0.77	0.86	1.03^*	1.10^*	1.26	1.29	1.03^*
		NPKG	1.01^*	0.88	0.82	0.94^*	1.05^*	1.07^*	1.16	1.19	1.00^*

温室气体 Greenhouse gas	移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting	处理 Treatment	取样时刻 Sampling time
温室气体 Greenhouse gas	移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting	处理 Treatment	9:00	12:00	15:00	18:00	21:00	0:00	3:00	6:00	9:00
CO₂	30	NPK	1.05^*	0.71	0.92^*	0.78	1.01^*	1.24	1.31	1.49	0.97^*
		NPKG	1.06^*	0.72	0.87	0.79	0.94^*	1.24	1.33	1.51	1.03^*
	60	NPK	0.99^*	0.80	0.91^*	0.88	0.99^*	1.04^*	1.22	1.30	1.04^*
		NPKG	0.92^*	0.81	0.93^*	0.86	1.02^*	1.14	1.17	1.28	1.05^*
	90	NPK	0.93^*	0.73	0.83	0.88	0.99^*	1.20	1.33	1.37	1.09^*
		NPKG	0.92^*	0.73	0.78	0.96^*	1.05^*	1.22	1.32	1.31	1.06^*
N₂O	30	NPK	1.04^*	0.82	0.74	0.86	0.96^*	1.25	1.29	1.39	1.04^*
		NPKG	1.07^*	0.86	0.76	0.91^*	0.98^*	1.15	1.18	1.32	1.03^*
	60	NPK	1.01^*	0.84	0.75	0.89^*	1.02^*	1.07^*	1.29	1.37	1.07^*
		NPKG	0.99^*	0.84	0.76	0.88	0.96^*	1.15	1.30	1.35	1.08^*
	90	NPK	1.00^*	0.89^*	0.77	0.86	1.03^*	1.10^*	1.26	1.29	1.03^*
		NPKG	1.01^*	0.88	0.82	0.94^*	1.05^*	1.07^*	1.16	1.19	1.00^*

温室气体 Greenhouse gas	移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting	处理 Treatment	排放通量平均值/(mg/(m²·h)) Average emission flux			占日排放量百分比/% Percentage of daily emissions
温室气体 Greenhouse gas	移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting	处理 Treatment	日 Daily	昼 Day	夜 Night	昼 Day	夜 Night
CO₂	30	NPK	64.22±2.14a	68.95±3.74a	54.76±2.77b	56	44
		NPKG	101.37±3.96a	107.73±3.43a	88.65±5.49b	55	45
	60	NPK	118.69±5.24ab	122.91±4.62a	110.25±6.54b	53	47
		NPKG	155.95±2.92b	163.54±2.07a	140.77±4.98c	54	46
	90	NPK	153.55±5.42a	164.03±5.85a	132.59±4.54b	55	45
		NPKG	200.45±4.63b	216.39±8.37a	168.57±3.64c	56	44
N₂O	30	NPK	6.42±0.16b	6.83±0.19a	5.61±0.11c	55	45
		NPKG	8.39±0.09b	8.76±0.15a	7.67±0.09c	53	47
	60	NPK	8.63±0.10b	9.07±0.07a	7.74±0.33c	54	46
		NPKG	11.03±0.22b	11.62±0.31a	9.84±0.08c	54	46
	90	NPK	8.14±0.22a	8.59±0.12a	7.25±0.54b	54	46
		NPKG	10.58±0.32a	11.02±0.48a	9.69±0.36b	53	47

温室气体 Greenhouse gas	移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting	处理 Treatment	排放通量平均值/(mg/(m²·h)) Average emission flux			占日排放量百分比/% Percentage of daily emissions
温室气体 Greenhouse gas	移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting	处理 Treatment	日 Daily	昼 Day	夜 Night	昼 Day	夜 Night
CO₂	30	NPK	64.22±2.14a	68.95±3.74a	54.76±2.77b	56	44
		NPKG	101.37±3.96a	107.73±3.43a	88.65±5.49b	55	45
	60	NPK	118.69±5.24ab	122.91±4.62a	110.25±6.54b	53	47
		NPKG	155.95±2.92b	163.54±2.07a	140.77±4.98c	54	46
	90	NPK	153.55±5.42a	164.03±5.85a	132.59±4.54b	55	45
		NPKG	200.45±4.63b	216.39±8.37a	168.57±3.64c	56	44
N₂O	30	NPK	6.42±0.16b	6.83±0.19a	5.61±0.11c	55	45
		NPKG	8.39±0.09b	8.76±0.15a	7.67±0.09c	53	47
	60	NPK	8.63±0.10b	9.07±0.07a	7.74±0.33c	54	46
		NPKG	11.03±0.22b	11.62±0.31a	9.84±0.08c	54	46
	90	NPK	8.14±0.22a	8.59±0.12a	7.25±0.54b	54	46
		NPKG	10.58±0.32a	11.02±0.48a	9.69±0.36b	53	47

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