Effect of Reducing Nitrogen and Increasing Density in the Main Season on Yield Formation Characteristics of Ratooning Rice

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194822

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effect of reducing nitrogen and increasing density on the yield formation characteristics of ratooning rice,hybrid rice variety Chuangliangyou 669 was used as the material to conduct two years of field experiments under conditions of three nitrogen application rates(N1:180 kg/ha;N2:153 kg/ha;N3:126 kg/ha)and two plant row spacing(M1:20.0 cm×16.7 cm;M2:16.7 cm×16.7 cm).The results showed that:reducing nitrogen reduced the leaf area index(LAI)of ratooning rice,but increasing density within a reasonable range of nitrogen reduction could increase the LAI of the main and ratooning seasons.The LAI of N1M2 and N2M2 was higher in the interaction treatments.Reducing nitrogen and increasing density both reduced the SPAD value of ratooning rice leaves,but the effect of density was not significant.Reducing nitrogen led to a decrease in dry matter weight,while increasing density could significantly increase dry matter weight.The interaction treatment of N1M2 and N2M2 had a higher dry matter weight.Reducing nitrogen reduced the yield of ratooning rice,but increasing density within a reasonable range of nitrogen reduction could increase yield.The interaction treatment of N1M2 and N2M2 had a higher yield.Reducing nitrogen significantly reduced the number of effective panicles in the main season,the total number of grains per panicle,and the regeneration rate and number of effective panicles in the ratooning season.However,increasing density had a compensatory effect on the number of panicles.Reasonable nitrogen reduction and density increase(N2M2)could coordinate the relationship among yield components and achieve higher yields.The correlation analysis showed that reasonable nitrogen reduction and density increase increased the effective number of panicles and total grains per panicle in the main season,as well as the effective number of panicles in ratooning season mainly by increasing LAI and dry matter weight of the main and ratooning season,and thereby improving the yield of ratooning rice.Overall,the nitrogen reduction and density increase treatment N2M2(nitrogen rate of 153 kg/ha,plant row spacing of 16.7 cm×16.7 cm)can save 15% nitrogen and achieve a higher yield.

Key words: Ratooning rice, Nitrogen, Density, Yield

ZHENG Dechao, TIAN Qinqin, WANG Han, CHEN Qiuhong, HUANG Xinjie, YI Zhenxie. Effect of Reducing Nitrogen and Increasing Density in the Main Season on Yield Formation Characteristics of Ratooning Rice[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(4): 170-178. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194822.

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Figures/Tables 8

References 21

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	主季Main season					再生季Ratooning season
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	分蘖盛期 Peak tillering	孕穗期 Booting	齐穗期 Full heading	灌浆中期 Mid-filling	成熟期 Maturity	齐穗期 Full heading	灌浆中期 Mid-filling	成熟期 Maturity
2022	N1	2.87±0.13a	7.19±0.36a	6.19±0.27a	5.53±0.08a	3.43±0.16a	3.51±0.13a	4.02±0.38a	1.66±0.20a
	N2	2.50±0.06b	6.83±0.11b	5.99±0.34b	5.33±0.14a	3.25±0.12a	3.21±0.12ab	3.90±0.10a	1.65±0.04a
	N3	2.45±0.10b	6.64±0.10c	5.71±0.13c	4.93±0.29b	2.96±0.22b	2.93±0.27b	3.20±0.19b	1.32±0.16b
	M1	2.39±0.09b	6.63±0.17b	5.59±0.06b	4.97±0.17b	2.96±0.14b	2.74±0.19b	3.25±0.11b	1.36±0.10b
	M2	2.82±0.06a	7.14±0.18a	6.33±0.10a	5.55±0.15a	3.46±0.21a	3.69±0.27a	4.17±0.30a	1.72±0.15a
	N1M1	2.48±0.04b	6.86±0.47b	5.83±0.31b	5.11±0.21b	3.11±0.11b	2.94±0.25b	3.64±0.52a	1.48±0.17b
	N1M2	3.25±0.22a	7.52±0.24a	6.54±0.30a	5.95±0.09a	3.75±0.23a	4.08±0.35a	4.41±0.50a	1.84±0.24a
	N2M1	2.33±0.18b	6.56±0.28c	5.67±0.49b	5.03±0.37b	3.03±0.21b	2.80±0.15b	3.42±0.26b	1.46±0.12b
	N2M2	2.67±0.15b	7.09±0.17b	6.30±0.18a	5.62±0.09a	3.46±0.28a	3.62±0.14a	4.38±0.36a	1.83±0.14a
	N3M1	2.36±0.11b	6.47±0.33c	5.27±0.11c	4.78±0.26c	2.74±0.38c	2.48±0.59c	2.71±0.08c	1.14±0.18c
	N3M2	2.53±0.10b	6.80±0.47b	6.14±0.84a	5.07±0.38b	3.17±0.17b	3.38±0.15b	3.70±0.36b	1.50±0.14b
2023	N1	2.90±0.13a	7.97±0.29a	7.21±0.21a	6.41±0.26a	3.70±0.20a	3.51±0.15a	4.11±0.16a	1.87±0.15a
	N2	2.73±0.15b	7.42±0.19b	6.51±0.14b	5.91±0.22b	3.32±0.15b	3.32±0.24ab	3.78±0.22b	1.54±0.14b
	N3	2.58±0.22c	7.02±0.18c	6.13±0.48c	5.43±0.20c	3.02±0.10c	3.00±0.14b	3.43±0.23c	1.41±0.26b
	M1	2.44±0.02b	7.02±0.22b	6.19±0.16b	5.60±0.25b	2.93±0.15b	3.08±0.13b	3.47±0.04b	1.43±0.08b
	M2	3.03±0.17a	7.91±0.25a	7.04±0.10a	6.23±0.21a	3.76±0.19a	3.47±0.22a	4.07±0.21a	1.78±0.07a
	N1M1	2.69±0.23b	7.67±0.22b	6.79±0.32b	6.09±0.34b	3.23±0.25c	3.32±0.18b	3.68±0.10c	1.72±0.13ab
	N1M2	3.11±0.07a	8.26±0.44a	7.63±0.20a	6.73±0.18a	4.16±0.22a	3.70±0.15a	4.54±0.31a	2.01±0.24a
	N2M1	2.42±0.13b	6.83±0.29c	6.07±0.23c	5.59±0.23c	2.87±0.23d	3.11±0.28bc	3.53±0.33c	1.35±0.10c
	N2M2	3.03±0.42a	8.00±0.24a	6.95±0.29b	6.22±0.33b	3.77±0.17ab	3.53±0.23a	4.02±0.27b	1.73±0.21ab
	N3M1	2.20±0.29c	6.55±0.27c	5.70±0.22c	5.13±0.57d	2.69±0.28d	2.82±0.06c	3.21±0.19d	1.21±0.18c
	N3M2	2.96±0.17a	7.48±0.16b	6.55±0.67b	5.73±0.25c	3.35±0.33bc	3.17±0.35b	3.65±0.28c	1.61±0.27b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	主季Main season					再生季Ratooning season
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	分蘖盛期 Peak tillering	孕穗期 Booting	齐穗期 Full heading	灌浆中期 Mid-filling	成熟期 Maturity	齐穗期 Full heading	灌浆中期 Mid-filling	成熟期 Maturity
2022	N1	2.87±0.13a	7.19±0.36a	6.19±0.27a	5.53±0.08a	3.43±0.16a	3.51±0.13a	4.02±0.38a	1.66±0.20a
	N2	2.50±0.06b	6.83±0.11b	5.99±0.34b	5.33±0.14a	3.25±0.12a	3.21±0.12ab	3.90±0.10a	1.65±0.04a
	N3	2.45±0.10b	6.64±0.10c	5.71±0.13c	4.93±0.29b	2.96±0.22b	2.93±0.27b	3.20±0.19b	1.32±0.16b
	M1	2.39±0.09b	6.63±0.17b	5.59±0.06b	4.97±0.17b	2.96±0.14b	2.74±0.19b	3.25±0.11b	1.36±0.10b
	M2	2.82±0.06a	7.14±0.18a	6.33±0.10a	5.55±0.15a	3.46±0.21a	3.69±0.27a	4.17±0.30a	1.72±0.15a
	N1M1	2.48±0.04b	6.86±0.47b	5.83±0.31b	5.11±0.21b	3.11±0.11b	2.94±0.25b	3.64±0.52a	1.48±0.17b
	N1M2	3.25±0.22a	7.52±0.24a	6.54±0.30a	5.95±0.09a	3.75±0.23a	4.08±0.35a	4.41±0.50a	1.84±0.24a
	N2M1	2.33±0.18b	6.56±0.28c	5.67±0.49b	5.03±0.37b	3.03±0.21b	2.80±0.15b	3.42±0.26b	1.46±0.12b
	N2M2	2.67±0.15b	7.09±0.17b	6.30±0.18a	5.62±0.09a	3.46±0.28a	3.62±0.14a	4.38±0.36a	1.83±0.14a
	N3M1	2.36±0.11b	6.47±0.33c	5.27±0.11c	4.78±0.26c	2.74±0.38c	2.48±0.59c	2.71±0.08c	1.14±0.18c
	N3M2	2.53±0.10b	6.80±0.47b	6.14±0.84a	5.07±0.38b	3.17±0.17b	3.38±0.15b	3.70±0.36b	1.50±0.14b
2023	N1	2.90±0.13a	7.97±0.29a	7.21±0.21a	6.41±0.26a	3.70±0.20a	3.51±0.15a	4.11±0.16a	1.87±0.15a
	N2	2.73±0.15b	7.42±0.19b	6.51±0.14b	5.91±0.22b	3.32±0.15b	3.32±0.24ab	3.78±0.22b	1.54±0.14b
	N3	2.58±0.22c	7.02±0.18c	6.13±0.48c	5.43±0.20c	3.02±0.10c	3.00±0.14b	3.43±0.23c	1.41±0.26b
	M1	2.44±0.02b	7.02±0.22b	6.19±0.16b	5.60±0.25b	2.93±0.15b	3.08±0.13b	3.47±0.04b	1.43±0.08b
	M2	3.03±0.17a	7.91±0.25a	7.04±0.10a	6.23±0.21a	3.76±0.19a	3.47±0.22a	4.07±0.21a	1.78±0.07a
	N1M1	2.69±0.23b	7.67±0.22b	6.79±0.32b	6.09±0.34b	3.23±0.25c	3.32±0.18b	3.68±0.10c	1.72±0.13ab
	N1M2	3.11±0.07a	8.26±0.44a	7.63±0.20a	6.73±0.18a	4.16±0.22a	3.70±0.15a	4.54±0.31a	2.01±0.24a
	N2M1	2.42±0.13b	6.83±0.29c	6.07±0.23c	5.59±0.23c	2.87±0.23d	3.11±0.28bc	3.53±0.33c	1.35±0.10c
	N2M2	3.03±0.42a	8.00±0.24a	6.95±0.29b	6.22±0.33b	3.77±0.17ab	3.53±0.23a	4.02±0.27b	1.73±0.21ab
	N3M1	2.20±0.29c	6.55±0.27c	5.70±0.22c	5.13±0.57d	2.69±0.28d	2.82±0.06c	3.21±0.19d	1.21±0.18c
	N3M2	2.96±0.17a	7.48±0.16b	6.55±0.67b	5.73±0.25c	3.35±0.33bc	3.17±0.35b	3.65±0.28c	1.61±0.27b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	主季Main season					再生季Ratooning season
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	分蘖盛期 Peak tillering	孕穗期 Booting	齐穗期 Full heading	灌浆中期 Mid-filling	成熟期 Maturity	齐穗期 Full heading	灌浆中期 Mid-filling	成熟期 Maturity
2022	N1	37.47±0.10a	39.55±0.25a	43.35±0.61a	40.68±0.19a	28.12±0.45a	39.45±0.41a	39.05±0.37a	21.71±0.24a
	N2	36.52±0.25b	38.73±0.63b	41.40±0.28b	39.77±0.30b	27.08±0.34b	38.45±0.83b	37.52±0.60b	19.26±0.31b
	N3	35.80±0.43b	38.30±0.55b	40.75±0.35b	38.99±0.34c	26.57±0.42b	37.87±0.26b	36.50±1.31b	18.50±0.58b
	M1	36.78±0.22a	38.98±0.29a	42.07±0.15a	39.94±0.23a	27.37±0.37a	38.99±0.86a	37.91±0.30a	20.01±0.25a
	M2	36.41±0.12a	38.74±0.51a	41.60±0.40a	39.69±0.33a	27.14±0.41a	38.19±0.13b	37.47±1.15a	19.63±0.33a
	N1M1	37.63±0.50a	39.43±0.84a	44.07±1.07a	40.73±0.49a	28.30±0.23a	39.70±1.11a	39.07±0.40a	22.13±0.44a
	N1M2	37.30±0.65a	39.67±0.93a	42.63±0.21b	40.63±0.11a	27.94±0.14a	39.20±0.71a	39.03±1.01a	21.28±0.36a
	N2M1	36.80±0.53ab	38.83±0.70ab	41.33±0.55c	40.01±0.50ab	27.13±0.42ab	38.86±1.06ab	37.73±0.31ab	19.33±0.12b
	N2M2	36.24±0.06ab	38.63±0.71ab	41.47±0.65b	39.53±0.47bc	27.02±0.11ab	38.03±0.61b	37.30±0.90ab	19.18±1.01b
	N3M1	35.91±0.70b	38.67±1.04ab	40.80±0.10c	39.07±0.71bc	26.67±0.49b	38.41±1.55b	36.92±0.87ab	18.57±0.67c
	N3M2	35.68±0.62b	37.92±0.36b	40.70±0.61c	38.90±0.66c	26.46±0.56b	37.33±1.04c	36.07±2.17b	18.43±0.59c
2023	N1	40.82±0.53a	39.44±0.73a	42.98±0.33a	40.88±0.15a	30.39±0.56a	43.84±0.89a	42.59±0.88a	23.46±0.35a
	N2	38.66±0.50b	37.02±0.37b	41.62±0.35b	39.48±0.37b	29.44±0.32b	41.94±1.24b	39.26±0.45b	20.76±0.21b
	N3	38.30±0.36b	36.47±0.55b	40.23±0.24c	38.94±0.35c	28.40±0.28c	39.77±0.78c	36.74±0.56c	19.95±0.23c
	M1	39.32±0.51a	37.77±0.55a	41.88±0.35a	39.88±0.13a	29.81±0.34a	41.92±0.79a	40.14±0.82a	21.76±0.23a
	M2	39.20±0.67a	37.52±0.19a	41.34±0.43a	39.62±0.42a	29.00±0.49a	41.77±1.11a	38.91±0.64a	21.01±0.41a
	N1M1	41.01±0.43a	39.63±1.89a	43.33±1.05a	41.20±0.44a	30.63±0.23a	44.03±1.21a	43.04±0.54a	23.97±0.13a
	N1M2	40.63±0.64a	39.25±0.75a	42.62±0.40ab	40.56±0.71ab	30.14±0.25a	43.64±1.32a	42.13±0.43a	22.94±0.12a
	N2M1	38.56±0.65b	37.17±0.31b	41.90±0.56b	39.41±0.50b	30.06±0.32a	42.59±0.78b	40.28±0.24b	21.18±0.34b
	N2M2	38.76±0.42b	36.87±0.55b	41.33±0.15b	39.47±0.69b	28.82±0.19b	41.28±1.33b	38.23±0.37bc	20.33±0.31b
	N3M1	38.40±0.20b	36.50±0.53b	40.40±0.36c	39.03±0.21b	28.74±0.33b	39.14±0.56c	37.09±0.39c	20.14±0.33b
	N3M2	38.20±0.61b	36.43±0.61b	40.06±0.25c	38.84±0.66b	28.05±0.17b	40.39±0.46bc	36.38±0.42c	19.75±0.19b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	主季Main season					再生季Ratooning season
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	分蘖盛期 Peak tillering	孕穗期 Booting	齐穗期 Full heading	灌浆中期 Mid-filling	成熟期 Maturity	齐穗期 Full heading	灌浆中期 Mid-filling	成熟期 Maturity
2022	N1	37.47±0.10a	39.55±0.25a	43.35±0.61a	40.68±0.19a	28.12±0.45a	39.45±0.41a	39.05±0.37a	21.71±0.24a
	N2	36.52±0.25b	38.73±0.63b	41.40±0.28b	39.77±0.30b	27.08±0.34b	38.45±0.83b	37.52±0.60b	19.26±0.31b
	N3	35.80±0.43b	38.30±0.55b	40.75±0.35b	38.99±0.34c	26.57±0.42b	37.87±0.26b	36.50±1.31b	18.50±0.58b
	M1	36.78±0.22a	38.98±0.29a	42.07±0.15a	39.94±0.23a	27.37±0.37a	38.99±0.86a	37.91±0.30a	20.01±0.25a
	M2	36.41±0.12a	38.74±0.51a	41.60±0.40a	39.69±0.33a	27.14±0.41a	38.19±0.13b	37.47±1.15a	19.63±0.33a
	N1M1	37.63±0.50a	39.43±0.84a	44.07±1.07a	40.73±0.49a	28.30±0.23a	39.70±1.11a	39.07±0.40a	22.13±0.44a
	N1M2	37.30±0.65a	39.67±0.93a	42.63±0.21b	40.63±0.11a	27.94±0.14a	39.20±0.71a	39.03±1.01a	21.28±0.36a
	N2M1	36.80±0.53ab	38.83±0.70ab	41.33±0.55c	40.01±0.50ab	27.13±0.42ab	38.86±1.06ab	37.73±0.31ab	19.33±0.12b
	N2M2	36.24±0.06ab	38.63±0.71ab	41.47±0.65b	39.53±0.47bc	27.02±0.11ab	38.03±0.61b	37.30±0.90ab	19.18±1.01b
	N3M1	35.91±0.70b	38.67±1.04ab	40.80±0.10c	39.07±0.71bc	26.67±0.49b	38.41±1.55b	36.92±0.87ab	18.57±0.67c
	N3M2	35.68±0.62b	37.92±0.36b	40.70±0.61c	38.90±0.66c	26.46±0.56b	37.33±1.04c	36.07±2.17b	18.43±0.59c
2023	N1	40.82±0.53a	39.44±0.73a	42.98±0.33a	40.88±0.15a	30.39±0.56a	43.84±0.89a	42.59±0.88a	23.46±0.35a
	N2	38.66±0.50b	37.02±0.37b	41.62±0.35b	39.48±0.37b	29.44±0.32b	41.94±1.24b	39.26±0.45b	20.76±0.21b
	N3	38.30±0.36b	36.47±0.55b	40.23±0.24c	38.94±0.35c	28.40±0.28c	39.77±0.78c	36.74±0.56c	19.95±0.23c
	M1	39.32±0.51a	37.77±0.55a	41.88±0.35a	39.88±0.13a	29.81±0.34a	41.92±0.79a	40.14±0.82a	21.76±0.23a
	M2	39.20±0.67a	37.52±0.19a	41.34±0.43a	39.62±0.42a	29.00±0.49a	41.77±1.11a	38.91±0.64a	21.01±0.41a
	N1M1	41.01±0.43a	39.63±1.89a	43.33±1.05a	41.20±0.44a	30.63±0.23a	44.03±1.21a	43.04±0.54a	23.97±0.13a
	N1M2	40.63±0.64a	39.25±0.75a	42.62±0.40ab	40.56±0.71ab	30.14±0.25a	43.64±1.32a	42.13±0.43a	22.94±0.12a
	N2M1	38.56±0.65b	37.17±0.31b	41.90±0.56b	39.41±0.50b	30.06±0.32a	42.59±0.78b	40.28±0.24b	21.18±0.34b
	N2M2	38.76±0.42b	36.87±0.55b	41.33±0.15b	39.47±0.69b	28.82±0.19b	41.28±1.33b	38.23±0.37bc	20.33±0.31b
	N3M1	38.40±0.20b	36.50±0.53b	40.40±0.36c	39.03±0.21b	28.74±0.33b	39.14±0.56c	37.09±0.39c	20.14±0.33b
	N3M2	38.20±0.61b	36.43±0.61b	40.06±0.25c	38.84±0.66b	28.05±0.17b	40.39±0.46bc	36.38±0.42c	19.75±0.19b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	主季Main season					再生季Ratooning season
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	分蘖盛期 Peak tillering	孕穗期 Booting	齐穗期 Full heading	灌浆中期 Mid-filling	成熟期 Maturity	齐穗期 Full heading	灌浆中期 Mid-filling	成熟期 Maturity
2022	N1	1.64±0.02a	10.54±0.47a	11.60±0.13a	12.90±0.13a	16.00±0.35a	5.43±0.05a	7.86±0.19a	8.72±0.11a
	N2	1.54±0.03b	9.31±0.24b	11.10±0.68a	12.15±0.18b	15.40±0.11a	5.07±0.06b	7.42±0.39b	8.37±0.57b
	N3	1.47±0.07c	8.98±0.26b	10.42±0.47b	11.80±0.17c	14.65±0.24b	4.82±0.08b	6.95±0.12c	8.10±0.24c
	M1	1.45±0.02b	9.02±0.15b	10.25±0.58b	11.50±1.17b	14.47±0.36b	4.77±0.09b	6.96±0.14b	8.09±0.15b
	M2	1.65±0.03a	10.19±0.17a	11.83±0.88a	13.07±0.89a	16.23±0.66a	5.44±0.06a	7.85±0.53a	8.70±0.34a
	N1M1	1.54±0.02b	9.97±0.09b	11.01±0.04b	12.21±0.23c	15.19±0.11c	5.10±0.09b	7.47±0.24b	8.46±0.17b
	N1M2	1.73±0.03a	11.12±0.01a	12.21±0.25a	13.64±0.10a	16.98±0.37a	5.76±0.05a	8.24±0.15a	8.97±0.20a
	N2M1	1.44±0.04c	8.73±0.29c	10.26±1.05c	11.41±0.17d	14.63±0.79cd	4.72±0.12c	6.93±0.19c	8.05±0.32c
	N2M2	1.64±0.02a	9.88±0.20b	12.06±0.28a	12.92±0.76b	16.29±0.26ab	5.41±0.08b	7.90±0.16a	8.69±0.22ab
	N3M1	1.36±0.30c	8.35±0.12c	9.54±0.25d	10.90±0.13e	13.78±0.24d	4.49±0.21c	6.49±0.17d	7.75±0.37c
	N3M2	1.58±0.05b	9.60±0.36b	11.32±0.98b	12.78±0.22b	15.66±0.28bc	5.14±0.06b	7.41±0.65b	8.44±0.47b
2023	N1	1.32±0.01a	10.00±0.31a	11.60±0.07a	14.45±0.24a	16.35±0.18a	6.34±0.08a	8.75±0.26a	9.02±0.35a
	N2	1.25±0.02b	9.15±0.30b	11.30±0.25a	13.50±0.33b	15.50±0.35b	5.78±0.35b	8.09±0.14b	8.63±0.25b
	N3	1.18±0.03c	8.80±0.28b	10.35±0.24b	12.40±0.09c	14.25±0.37c	5.27±0.26c	7.29±0.31c	8.18±0.19c
	M1	1.15±0.01b	8.95±0.10b	10.23±0.15b	12.67±0.04b	14.50±0.29b	5.45±0.09b	7.65±0.40b	8.11±0.20b
	M2	1.34±0.02a	9.68±0.22a	11.93±0.39a	14.25±0.10a	16.14±0.42a	6.14±0.25a	8.44±0.31a	9.12±0.24a
	N1M1	1.20±0.06b	9.70±0.62b	10.66±0.49b	13.59±0.34b	15.73±0.43b	6.06±0.08b	8.52±0.22ab	8.64±0.24b
	N1M2	1.43±0.04a	10.38±0.35a	12.61±0.42a	15.42±0.16a	17.03±0.14a	6.62±0.16a	8.98±0.63a	9.40±0.49a
	N2M1	1.15±0.05c	8.66±0.26c	10.48±0.15b	12.85±0.27c	14.30±0.31c	5.35±0.18c	7.66±0.41c	8.18±0.16c
	N2M2	1.34±0.04a	9.63±0.36b	12.27±0.34a	14.20±0.45b	16.70±0.30a	6.20±0.53b	8.52±0.27ab	9.08±0.38ab
	N3M1	1.09±0.03c	8.49±0.40c	9.70±0.43c	11.71±0.09c	13.50±0.81d	4.95±0.16d	6.77±0.21d	7.52±0.53d
	N3M2	1.26±0.06b	9.11±0.97b	11.09±0.24b	13.12±0.27b	15.09±0.17bc	5.59±0.40c	7.81±0.45c	8.84±0.31b

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