The Impacts of Si-modified Biochar on Soil Chemical Properties, Carbon-silicon Fractions and Tomato Growth in Acidic Soil

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195002

Abstract

Abstract:

This study systematically investigates the effects of silicon-modified biochar (MSC) on the chemical properties of acidic soil,organic carbon and silicon fractions,and the growth of tomato plants.Silicon-modified biochar was prepared,with a focus on investigating its impacts on carbon and silicon chemical fractions,and the availability in acidic soils;tomato growth and soil microbial activity were also evaluated.The results showed that silicon-modified biochar significantly increased soil pH,cation exchange capacity,electrical conductivity,available phosphorus and potassium.MSC also raised the levels of water-soluble sodium and iron in the soil and enhanced the activities of hydrogen peroxidase and sucrase enzymes,thereby improving soil quality.Both biochar modification and unmodified biochar significantly increased the content of different carbon fractions in the soil.Compared with unmodified biochar,silicon-modified biochar significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon(21.9%) and water-soluble organic carbon (898.3%).Furthermore,silicon-modified biochar significantly increased the contents of soil available silicon,water-soluble silicon,free silicon,active silicon,iron-manganese-bound silicon and amorphous silicon by 362.6%,158.9%,18.1%,34.9%,193.8%,and 74.1%,respectively.Meanwhile,the application of biochar promoted the growth of tomato plants and the absorption of silicon nutrients,with modified biochar showing more pronounced effects.The accumulation of plant dry matter,silicon content,and absorption rate increased by 82.0%,98.9%,and 261.5%,respectively.In summary,silicon-modified biochar significantly affected the carbon and silicon chemical forms and transformation in the soil,increased soil effectiveness and enzyme activity,thereby promoting nutrient absorption and growth of crops,demonstrating its good potential application in agricultural production.

Key words: Tomato, Silicon, Modified biochar, Acid soil, Soil physicochemical trait

WANG Sheng, LUO Meng, ZHANG Tiantian, LI Sicong, CAI Kunzheng. The Impacts of Si-modified Biochar on Soil Chemical Properties, Carbon-silicon Fractions and Tomato Growth in Acidic Soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(6): 145-153. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195002.

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Figures/Tables 10

Tab.1 Basic properties of biochar and Si-modified biochar

类型 Types	产率/% Yield	pH	C/%	H/%	O/%	N/%	S/%	Si/%
SC	35.0	10.89	73.48	3.33	14.25	0.51	0.22	3.48
MSC	36.4	12.12	42.94	3.36	25.65	0.06	0.06	27.31

Tab.2 Effects of Si-modified biochar on soil chemical characteristics

处理 Treatment	pH	电导率/(mS/cm) EC	阳离子交换量/ (cmol⁺/kg) CEC	碱解氮含量/ (mg/kg) ASN content	速效钾含量/ (mg/kg) AK content	有效磷含量/ (mg/kg) OP content
CK	4.7±0.0d	0.16±0.01bc	4.3±0.2b	56.3±6.5a	73.0±0.0c	26.9±0.0b
SN	5.4±0.1b	0.18±0.00b	5.7±1.0ab	51.3±5.7a	73.0±1.0c	27.0±0.4b
SC	5.2±0.0c	0.14±0.02c	5.8±0.3ab	49.0±7.0a	136.0±8.2a	28.3±1.0a
MSC	6.8±0.2a	0.54±0.02a	8.3±1.5a	45.7±6.4a	103.7±1.5b	29.3±0.5a

Fig.1 Effects of Si-modified biochar on soil water-soluble element content Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments(P<0.05).The same as Fig.2—4,7—8.

Fig.2 Effect of Si-modified biochar on soil enzyme activity

Fig.3 Effects of Si-modified biochar on soil organic carbon morphology

Fig.4 Effect of Si-modified biochar on soil silicon morphology

Fig.5 Correlation between soil organic carbon,effective silicon and its components under Si-modified biochar treatment ASN. Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen; AK. Available potassium; OP. Organo phosphorus; ASi.Available silicon; CSi. Water soluble silicon; ACSi. Dissociative silicon; HSi. Activate silicon, NSi. Iron-manganess bound silicon, NaSi. Amorphous silicon; SOC. Organic carbon; MBC. Microbial biomass carbon; SWOC. Water-soluble organic carbon;POC.Particulate organic carbon;ROC:Easy oxidation organic carbon;ROC. Easy oxidation organic carbon;MOC. Mineral combined state organic carbon.^*,^**.Pearson effect silicon coefficients reaching significant and extremely significant at 0.05,0.01 levels,respectively.

Fig.6 Effect of Si-modified biochar on carbon-silicon morphological conversion A. The relationship between soil silica forms and soil available silica, with model fit indices: CFI=0.963, χ²=6.806,df=3,P=0.078; B.The relationship between soil carbon forms and soil organic carbon, with model fit indices: CFI=0.945,χ²=8.520,df=4,P=0.074.^*,^{* *}and^*** represent Pearson effect silicon coefficients reaching significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 levels, respectively.

Fig.7 Effect of Si-modified biochar on tomato growth

Fig.8 Effect of Si-modified biochar on the silicon content and absorption amount of tomato plants

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