Rice

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Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci for Pathogenic Strain Pi-1 of Resistance to Rice False Smut in Rice

LI Yu-sheng, YANG Juan, HUANG Sheng-dong, WANG Cai-lin

2014, 29(5): 1-4. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2014.05.001

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In order to identify the resistant gene of rice false smut in rice,a recombinant inbred line(RILs)population with 157 lines derived from an inter-subspecies cross of Daguandao/IR28 by the single seed descent method was used to detect quantitative trait loci(QTLs)conferring resistance to strain Pi-1 of rice false smut(caused by Ustilaginoidea virens(Cooke)Takahashi)in 2012 and 2013.The disease rate index of the two parents and 157 RILs caused by the strain Pi-1 of rice false smut were scored and the QTLs for rice false smut resistance were detected accordingly by QTL Cartographer software.Seven QTLs controlling false smut resistance were detected on chromosomes 2,7,8,11 and 12,respectively,with the phenotypic variance of 8.5%-17.2%.There were four QTLs detected in 2012 and 2013,respectively,and only one QTL was found in both two years,the phenotypic variation explained by this individual QTL was 13.5% and 17.2%,and the additive effects of this QTL contributed to the 9.9% and 14.3% decrease of disease index and therefore the disease resistance increased.The direction of the additive effects at five loci qFsr2a,qFsr8a,qFsr8b,qFsr11 and qFsr12 coincided with that predicted by phenotypes of the parents,and the IR28 alleles at these loci had positive effect against rice false smut while the negative effects were found in Daguandao alleles at qFsr2b and qFsr7. The qFsr11 should be useful in rice breeding for resistance to rice false smut in marker-assisted selection(MAS)program.

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Improvement of Rice Blast Resistance by Pyramiding the R Gene Pigm and the Non-R Gene bsr-d1

WANG Ya, WANG Yuetao, SHEN Guanwang, WANG Fuhua, WANG Shengxuan, BAI Tao, YIN Haiqing

2022, 37(5): 157-165. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.20193133

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In order to improve the blast resistance of Shuijing 3,an excellent food-flavor rice variety,CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology combined with gene chip technology were used to pyramid the R gene Pigm and the non-R gene bsr-d1 into Shuijing 3.Firstly,Bsr-d1 was selected as the target gene to construct a recombinant expression vector using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system,and transformed into the excellent food-flavor rice Shuijing 3 by Agrobacterium-mediated method.The homozygous bsr-d1 mutant lines without T-DNA elements,including five mutation types as T insertion,G insertion,GA deletion,CGCA deletion and CGCAGA deletion,were screened out.The japonica line Jinyu 1 containing a broad-spectrum blast resistance gene Pigm was used as the gene donor parent to cross with the homozygous bsr-d1 mutant lines without transgenic components.The Pigm gene was introduced into bsr-d1 mutant lines by cross,backcross and self-cross combing molecular breeding chip to simultaneously perform Pigm gene and background-assisted selection.The improved lines SJ3-G1,SJ3-G2,SJ3-G3,SJ3-G4,SJ3-G5,which were homozygous for the disease resistance genes(carrying both bsr-d1 and Pigm genes)and whose background recovery rates were all above 96%,were finally obtained.The improved strains of Shuijing 3 displayed enhanced leaf blast resistance compared with the wild type in inoculated identification test using Magnaporthe grisea strain GUY11.After inoculation with M.oryzae,the POD activities in the improved strains of Shuijing 3 were significantly lower than that of the wild-type control,while the H₂O₂ contents were significantly higher than that of the wild-type control.The improved Shuijing 3 lines with blast resistance carrying both bsr-d1 and Pigm genes are obtained by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology combined with gene chip technology.

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Preliminary Analysis on Sequence and Function of Rice Gene Encoding SAND-domain Protein

CHEN Zhixiong, DAI Shuangfeng, XIA Changxuan, XIE Haimei, LI Yajuan

2016, 31(2): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2016.02.001

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To study the sequence and function of rice SAND domain protein, the gene encoding SAND was identified by Blast against the rice genome, and then over-expression vector was constructed to study its gene function by genetic transformation.The results found that the rice genome contains a gene LOC_Os01g57240 (named as OsULT1), which encoded amino acid sequence containing SAND domain and ULT B-box consensus sequence.The amino acid sequence similarity between OsULT1 and ULTs of other plants varied from 49.3% to 92.3%, they were highly conservative. The 35S::OsULT1 transgenic lines generated some mutant spikilets, which included under-developed or degenerated paleas, over-developed locidules, the increased number of locidules, the variant number of stamen, two pistils, or extra floret.The results indicates OsULT1 should play important roles in regulation of floral meristem identity in rice.

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QTL Mapping for Seedling Traits Related to Low Nitrogen Tolerance in Rice

ZHAO Chun-fang, ZHAO Ling, ZHANG Ya-dong, CHEN Tao, ZHAO Qing-yong, ZHU Zhen, ZHOU Li-hui, YAO Shu, WANG Cai-lin

2015, 30(6): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.06.001

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Genetic analysis of low nitrogen related traits has important significance for the study of nitrogen uptake and use efficiency and the breeding of novel varieties with low nitrogen tolerance in rice.In this study,a set of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) developed from two sequenced rice cultivars:the indica cultivar 9311 as recipient and the japonica cultivar Nipponbare as donor were used to detect for QTLs of rice seedling traits under low nitrogen stress.44 QTLs including 28 QTLs under two N levels and 16 QTLs of their relative traits were mapped.Two QTL hotspots gathered with multiple QTLs under different N levels and the relative traits were found.By searching the predicted genes,the two regions were found to contain several N metabolism genes.Therefore,genes related to N absorption and utilization probably control the expression of these QTLs.This result will be useful in breeding rice varieties with low N tolerance by molecular assisted marker.

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Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of a Narrow and Rolled Mutant nrl_(t) in Rice

CHEN Tao, LIU Yan-qing, ZHANG Ya-dong, ZHU Zhen, ZHAO Qing-yong, ZHOU Li-hui, YAO Shu, YU Xin, ZHAO Ling, WANG Cai-lin

2014, 29(4): 37-43. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2014.04.007

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Leaf morphology is one of key components for rice plant architecture,so excavation,mapping and cloning related mutant genes are very important for revealing mechanism of leaf development and breeding new rice varieties with ideotype and super-high yield.In this study,the narrow and rolled mutant ntl_(t) was found from the improved line of rice stripe disease for Wuyunjing No.7 and the mutant phenotype genetic analysis and gene mapping was researched.Compared with wild type,the mutant showed multipe abnormal phenotypes,such as shorter leaf length and width,rolled leaf,dwarfism,more tillers,reduced panicle length,branch number,filled grain number per spike,spikelets per spike,seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight.Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene.Using 500 recessive mutant individuals in the F₂ population derived from the cross between Fuhui 838 and nrl_(t),the gene NRL _(t) was located to a confined region of 160 kb flanked by two microsatellite markers RM11-01 and RM11-11 on the short arm of chromosome 11.Based on the annotation result of rice genome,26 open reading frames(ORFs)were predicted in this region.Sequencing analysis showed that the homeobox3A gene reported might be the potential candidate gene.These results are very valuable for further study on this gene.

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Effect of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Soil Conditioners on Yields and Cd Contents of Rice

XIE Yunhe, JI Xionghui, TIAN Faxiang, WU Jiamei, GUAN Di, WEI Wei

2016, 31(S1): 415-420. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2016.S1.070

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In order to research the influences of nitrogen reduction combined with soil conditioners on the growth and Cd uptake of rice to provide a scientific basis for Cd pollution paddy field used safely and fertilization reasonably.A field experiment was conducted to investigate the influences of nitrogen reduction combined with the alkaline slow-release fertilize,organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer on the rice yields and Cd contents in the Cd contaminated paddy soil.The results showed that the rice yields increased by 7.42%(P<0.05), 8.59%(P<0.05) and 4.59% than the contrast with the application of alkaline slow-release fertilize, organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer respectively. And the rice yields increased by 5.55% and 7.61%(P<0.05),respectively,of the nitrogen reduction 20% combined with alkaline slow-release fertilizer and organic fertilizer,but the nitrogen reduction 20% with microbial fertilizer decreased the production by 2.48%.So the results suggested that it was feasible to reduce the N fertilizer under this experiment condition.Both the alkaline slow-release fertilizer applied alone or combined with nitrogen reduction 20% could increase the soil pH effectively and decrease the soil available Cd content,and reduced the Cd contents of rice stem and grain efficiently with 31.29% (P<0.05) and 26.58% (P<0.05) than the contrast.Applying of organic fertilizer also increased the soil pH value and reduced the soil available Cd content effectively,and reduced the Cd contents of stem and rice obviously,but there was no evident effect of decreasing of Cd contents in stem and rice when organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen reduction 20%,the Cd content of rice lowered by 31.27%(P<0.05) and 11.96% compared to the contrast when applied organic fertilizer alone and with nitrogen reduction 20%.And the Cd contents of stem and rice had no significant differences compared to the contrast both applied microbial fertilizer alone and with nitrogen reduction 20%.The effect on decreasing Cd content of stem and rice weakened when nitrogen reduction 20% combined with alkaline slow-release fertilizer and organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer.Overall consideration of the rice yields and the Cd reduction effects of rice and stem,nitrogen reduction 20% combined with alkaline slow-release fertilizer could enhance rice yield as well as reduce Cd content in rice stem and rice,which was applicable for rice production in Cd contaminated paddy soil.

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QTL Mapping of Chalkiness Using Chromosome Single Segment Substituted Lines in Rice

TAO Ya-jun, XU Meng-bin, WANG Fei, CHEN Da, ZHOU Yong, LIANG Guo-hua

2015, 30(1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.01.001

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In order to evaluate and mapping QTL associated with Chalkiness and then analysis their genetic effects, 84 chromosome single segment substitution lines (CSSSLs) were derived from the cross of Guangluai 4 as recipient line and Nipponbare as donor line.One-way ANOVA and Dunnett's test were employed to detect 36 QTLs (P≤0.001) associated with chalkiness, in which 19 were degree of endosperm chalkiness (DEC) related QTLs.The additive effects ranged from-6.44 to 12.86, and the additive effect contributions were-34.04%-68.02%.The other 17 QTLs were associated with percentage of grain with chalkiness (PGWC).The additive effects of them were-7.32-3.63 and the additive effect contribution were-8.07%-4.00%.These results provided useful information for fine mapping and cloning related QTLs, and will facilitate the improvement of rice appearance quality.

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QTL Analysis on Stomatal Trait of Leaf in Rice

GUO Zhi-fu, LI Xiao-lin, ZHAO Ming-hui, MA Dian-rong, MA Hui, XU Hai, XU Zheng-jin

2014, 29(3): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2014.03.001

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Using backcross recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between a tropical japonica, Sasanishiki and an indica variety, Habataki, quantitative trait loci(QTLs) controlling the stoma related traits of flag leaf by 236 RFLP molecular markers from genetic linkage map in rice were analyzed.A total of four QTLs for stoma related traits were identified.Three putative QTLs (qSD2, qSD4 and qSD12) for stomatal density were mapped on chromosome 2, 4 and 12 with the contribution of each QTL was 13.11%, 11.76% and 22.70%, respectively.On chromosome 3 of rice, one QTL(qSW3)for stomatal width was detected, with the explained variance of 10.04%.The alleles for stomatal density and stomatal width were contributed by Sasanishiki and Habataki, respectively.Significant negative differences were found between stomatal density and stomatal length(r=-0.509A), while significant positive correlations were observed between stomatal length and stomatal width(r=0.302A).All the three QTLs controlling stomatal density were not previously reported, but qSW3 controlling stomatal width was overlapped with qTLN-3a controlling total nitrogen content from other study.It reflected the genetic complexity of stomatal traits.These results will help to reveal the genetic mechanism of stomatal trait in rice and provide vital reference for the molecular mechanism of difference of stomatal traits between indica and japonica rice.

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Cloning,Expression and Promoter Analysis of Polypeptide Release Factor OseRF1-3 Gene from Rice

TANG Yuehui, BAO Xinxin, LIU Kun, ZHANG Huicong, WANG Shuang, ZHAO Junwei, LOU Huimin, WANG Qing, LIANG Jing, QIAO Rong, LI Chengwei

2018, 33(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2018.01.001

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To reveal the function of rice polypeptide release factor eRF1 in protein synthesis,the full length cDNA and promoter (2 120 bp) of rice eRF1 gene,named OseRF1-3,was isolated by PCR.Sequence analysis indicated that the OseRF1-3 contained a 1 308 bp CDS sequence that encoded 436 amino acids with three conserved N,M and C domains.qRT-PCR results indicated that the transcript of OseRF1-3 was detected in all of the tissues examined,but the highest level of expression was detected in spikes.The genome DNA from leaves of rice was used as the template, the 2 120 bp promoter sequence of the initiation codon upstream of OseRF1-3 gene were cloned using the PCR method. The promoter of OseRF1-3 gene was fused with GUS reporter gene and transferred into Oryza sativa L.callus by Agrobacterium-mediated method.Histochemical staining of different organs of the transgenic plants showed that histochemical GUS expression could be found in all of the tissues examined,and a low GUS reporter gene expression in root and higher expression in flowers and rice husk.The results would provide the basis for the understanding of the OseRF1-3 gene function.The results of GUS gene expression driven by the promoter of OseRF1-3 gene were in good agreement with the results from qRT-PCR analysis. So the results will provide the basis for the further explore of the OseRF1-3 gene function.

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Analysis on Obtaintion of Transgenic Maize Plants Transferred with OsSIK1 Gene and Their Drought Resistance

HAO Yaoshan, ZHANG Huanhuan, DU Jianzhong, WANG Yixue, SUN Yi

2016, 31(5): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2016.05.001

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A Receptor-like kinase(RLK)gene, OsSIK1,plays important roles in drought stress-tolerance in rice,through the activation of the antioxidative system.To make maize plants have much more drought resistance genes and further to obtain drought tolerance maize germplasm.In this study, OsSIK1 gene of rice was transformated into maize inbred Zheng 58 plants by pollen-mediated method.First,transgenic plants in T₁,T₂ and T₃ were detected by Kanamycin resistance screening,PCR and Southern Blotting,transgenic plants were obtained from T₁ and pure transgenic lines was obtained from T₃.Next,drought resistance analysis to transgenic maize plants and non-transformation control plants were conducted under the condition of 16.1% PEG drought stress.The results showed that compared with non-transgenic plants,the seedling leaf relative water content,chlorophyll content and SOD activity of transgenic plants were increased by 7.4%-19.8%,11.3%-106.9% and 45.8%-93.4%,respectively;furthermore,the relative conductivity and MDA content were decreased by 35.4%-58.1%,and 25.7%-50.4%,respectively.All the physiological indexes under the drought stress proved that transgenic OsSIK1 gene improved the drought resistance of transgenic maize plants,further analysis found that there were significant differences on drought tolerance between 5 transformed lines and their control groups,and their performance of field were superior to that of non-transgenic maize seedlings.At last,5 transgenic maize inbred lines were obtained,which suggested that genetically modified maize has improved the drought resistance by introducing foreign OsSIK1 gene of rice.

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Identification of an Erect Panicle Mutant ep7 in Rice and Analysis of the Candidate Gene

ZHU Hai-tao, KE Shan-wen, FENG Xiao-long, ZOU Long-hai, ZENG Xiu-yu, ZHANG Xiang-qian

2014, 29(4): 44-48. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2014.04.008

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A rice mutant erect panicle 7(ep7),obtained from tissue culture of a japonica variety Zhonghua 11,showed a dense and erect panicle and significantly reduced plant height,effective panicle number per plant,grain length and 1000-grain weight.The genetic analysis of a F₂ segregation population derived from the cross between ep7 and an indica variety Huajingxian 74 demonstrated that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene on the long arm of chromosome 7,termed EP7,between two InDel markers ID5198-2 and ID4309-1 with 0.7 cM and 0.5 cM genetic distance,respectively.Morever,bioinformatic analysis and sequence polymorphorism revealed that the mutant phenotype might be caused by a large DNA fragment insertion in EP7 gene.

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Identification and Application of One New Rice Blast Broad-spectrum Resistance Allele pi21t

ZHU Jin-yan, WANG Jun, FAN Fang-jun, LI Wen-qi, WANG Fang-quan, ZHONG Wei-gong, YANG Jie

2014, 29(6): 11-15. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2014.06.003

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In order to discover,identify and apply the new broad-spectrum resistant genes,this research had identified one new rice blast broad-spectrum resistant allele.In this study,according to the sequence of rice blast broad-spectrum resistance recessive allele pi21,molecular marker Pi21-1 was designed and amplified using wide compatibility rice variety 02428.Sequencing analysis showed new mutation type,and rice blast vaccination identification resulted in immunity.Thus,a new rice blast broad-spectrum resistance allele pi21t had been identified.These results provided new resistant resources for rice blast broad-spectrum resistant breeding.Meanwhile,genotype of target variety could be determined rapidly using newly designed marker.All these accelerate the process of rice blast broad-spectrum resistant breeding.

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Characterization and Gene Mapping of Stage Thermo-sensitive Green-revertible Albino Mutant stgra254 in Rice

ZOU Jincai, ZHANG Weilin, XIA Minghui, QIU Yangsong, WANG Changchun, YANG Ling, ZHANG Xiaoming

2017, 32(3): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2017.03.001

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In order to explore and identify more albino mutants for studying gene functions,a stage thermos-sensitive green-revertible albino mutant in rice,designated as stgra254,was isolated by treating the seeds of japonica variety Xiushui 09 using EMS.The phenotype of gra254 is thermos-sensitive.Under a constant temperature of 28℃,the white spots appeared on the fully expanded sixth leaves,and gradually enlarged and merged into one at maximum tillering stage.Then the leaves withered to death.The sixth leaf blades showed milder expression of the mutant phenotype under 32℃ condition than that under 28℃ condition,and gradually turned green from the third day onward.Under 24℃ condition,however,the gra254 plants produced normal green leaves.Histochemical staining analysis indicated that the albino trait of stgra254 was caused by the programmed cell death,which probably caused by oxidative burst accompanying by the accumulation of H₂O₂.Analysis by fluorescence analyzer presented that the maximal photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ decreased significantly.Genetic analysis indicated that the thermos-sensitive green-revertible albino trait was controlled by a single recessive nucleic gene.Based on the F₂ population derived from a cross between stgra254 and Zhenshan 97,the stgra254 was located between the SSR markers of RM17206 and RM17277 on chromosome 4 by bulked segregant analysis and linkage analysis.The genetic distance was 0.48,5.22 cM, respectively.

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Molecular Characterization of a Novel Mycovirus UvBV7 in Ustilaginoidea virens

ZENG Rui, HE Zhenrui, HUANG Xiaotong, FAN Yu, YANG Mei, ZHOU Erxun

2023, 38(6): 168-174. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.20194409

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In order to excavate the mycovirus resources in Ustilaginoidea virens and deeply analyze the relationship between the genome organization and function of a novel mycovirus,it took a U.virens strain Uv321 with abnormal phenotype,isolated from Hainan Province,as the research object,and identified the species of the novel mycovirus in the strain Uv321 on the basis of the previous meta-transcriptome data,a series of studies have been carried out around the novel mycovirus.The results showed that a novel mycovirus was identified in strain Uv321,named Ustilaginoidea viruses botourmiavirus 7 (UvBV7).The genome of UvBV7 is positive single-stranded RNA(+ssRNA),with a total length of 2 406 nt and a GC-content of 53.78%,containing an open reading frame(ORF)encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRP),which encodes 643 amino acids with a molecular weight of about 72.727 ku.The prediction of the protein secondary structure of the viral terminal showed that the 5' and 3' terminal bases of UvBV7 were complementary and paired,forming a hairpin structure.The BlastP alignment showed that UvBV7 had the highest similarity with the virus Erysiphe necator associated ourmia-like virus 72,which belonged to the genus Botoulivirus in the family Botourmiaviridae,but only 44.52%.The multiple alignment results based on the RdRP sequences of UvBV7 and other similar viruses showed that there were 8 conserved domains in the RdRP amino acid sequences of UvBV7 and the members of the family Botourmiaviridae.The GDD motif was found in the Ⅵ conserved domain,which is the typical highly conserved core motif of viral RdRP proteins.The phylogenetic tree constructed based on the amino acid sequence of the viral RdRP also indicated that UvBV7 clustered with the members belonging to the genus Botoulivirus.Therefore,UvBV7 is a novel mycovirus belonging to the genus Botoulivirus in the family Botourmiaviridae.The results of dual cultures of different strains of U.virens showed that UvBV7 could be transmitted horizontally between vegetative compatibility strains,but the mycelial tip-ribavirin,heat-ribavirin and protoplast regeneration-ribavirin treatments were unable to eliminate the mycovirus UvBV7 in strain Uv321.In conclusion,this study not only enriched the diversity of mycoviruses in U.virens,but also provided potential biocontrol agents with hypovirulence for the biocontrol of rice false smut.

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Marker-assisted Selection and Application of Blast Resistant Gene Pigm(t) in Rice

WANG Fei, WANG Liguang, PAN Meiyao, NIU Zhongyi, ZHOU Yong, LIANG Guohua

2016, 31(1): 51-56. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2016.01.009

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This study was aimed to improve the resistance of Wuyunjing 29196.Blast resistant gene Pigm(t) showed a broad spectrum of strong resistance.Wuyunjing 29196 is an excellent conventional Japonica rice,which has good yielding but sensitive to rice blast.This study was aimed to improve the resistance of Wuyunjing 29196 to blast by MAS and anther culture.GM4,a variety carrying a resistant gene Pigm(t),was used as the donor parent.Two closely linked InDel markers,S95477 and S29742,were employed to select the Pigm(t) gene in each generation.Finally,185 DH (Double haploid) lines were developed from the anthers of BC₂F₁ plants.Among them,82 improved lines with homozygous Pigm(t) were selected.Multiple agronomic traits including grain yield and resistance to rice blast and the rice quality were characterized.Two fine lines,DH036 and DH158 screened out,finally which had increased resistance level and enhanced yield production.More importantly,they had similar plant architecture and other traits.Simultaneously had high resistance to rice blast and quality.The combination of anther culture and marker-assisted selection successfully improved the resistance to rice blast,in a short breeding period.The improved Wuyunjing 29196 with high blast resistance level provided important genetic resources in breeding.

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Effect of Drought Stress on Physiology and Corresponding Gene Expression in the Germination Seeds of Different Rice Germplasm

BAI Xiaorong, MIN Weifang, SHI Yafei, SHE Yangmengfei, TIAN Haotian, LUO Chengke

2023, 38(4): 101-111. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.20193896

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To reveal the mechanism of drought resistance of different resistant rice during germination period,Rice drought-sensitive materials(Calrose,Jingning 10,Shanxing 86)and drought resistance materials(Farry,Songjing 3,Ningjing 36)were studied on the effects of simulated drought stress(15% PEG-6000)on the growth index,physiological indexes and corresponding gene expression of different rice seeds.The results showed that under normal conditions,there were no significant differences in the expression levels of growth indicators and stress-related genes between drought-sensitive and drought-resistant cultivars.However,changes in physiological indicators were shown that there were no significant differences in the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD),the contents of soluble sugar(SS) and hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂) among different genotypes.The contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and superoxide anion($\mathrm{O}_{2}^{\bar{.}}$) in the drought-sensitive cultivar Shanxing 86 were significantly higher than those in other materials,and the contents of catalase(CAT),proline(Pro) and soluble protein(SP) of drought resistant Ningjing 36 were significantly higher than those of other materials as well.Under drought stress,the relative germination potential(RGP),relative bud length(RSL),germination drought resistance index(GDRI)and vitality index(VI)of germinating seeds increased by 0.03—0.07 percentage,0.32—0.39 percentage,0.12—0.18 percentage and 92.41%—108.39%,respectively;MDA and reactive oxygen species($\mathrm{O}_{2}^{\bar{.}}$,H₂O₂) contents in germinating seeds of drought-resistant cultivars decreased by 2.54%—61.64%,19.60%—46.30% and 35.61%—62.02% respectively compared with drought-sensitive cultivars.The contents of osmotic regulating substances(Pro,SS,SP) increased by 5.93%—18.29%,1.08%—7.97% and 3.47%—6.03% respectively.The activities of antioxidant enzymes(SOD,POD, CAT) were increased by 17.29%—33.12%,15.24%—76.06% and 14.68%—18.61% respectively.The relative expression levels of OsP5CS,antioxidant enzyme synthesis genes (OsALM1, OsPOX1, OsCATC) were up-regulated by 2.66%—182.31% and 57.14%—513.27%,0.38%—109.06% and 63.39%—184.25% respectively.Comprehensive analysis showed that drought stress inhibited the germination of rice seeds and affected the physiological characteristics of seeds and the expression of corresponding genes during germination.Under drought stress,vigor index(VI),peroxidase(POD)and peroxidase synthesis gene(OsPOX1)are the key indicators affecting rice seed germination,whether it is drought-resistant or drought-sensitive materials.In addition to the above indicators,soluble protein(SP),proline synthesis gene(OsP5CS)and catalase gene(OsCATC)are other key indicators affecting drought-resistant materials.Relative shoot length(RSL),hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂)and superoxide dismutase gene(OsALM1)are other key indicators affecting drought-sensitive materials.

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The Effect of the Years of Continuous and Multiple Cropping of Flue-cured Tobacco-Rice on Soil Ca, Mg and S Content

ZHU Ying-hua, TU Nai-mei, XIAO Han-qian, ZHANG Guo

2012, 27(1): 218-222. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2012.01.041

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Field sampling experiment was carried out to analyze and estimate exchange magnesium, exchange calcium, total sulfur and available sulfur content of Leiyang, Liuyang and Ningyuan in Hunan province. The result showed that the exchange calcium contents of planting-tobacco soil were higher than the control from 1 to 5 years but they tended to decline after 5 years of continuous and multiple cropping of flue-cured tobacco-rice in Leiyang. The exchange calcium contents of 1 year of planting-tobacco soil in Liuyang and Ningyuan were lower than the control but they were various degrees higher than the control from 5 to 20 years. The exchange magnesium contents of 1 year of planting flue-cured tobacco soil were higher than the control. They were various degrees lower than the control along with the years of continuous and multiple cropping of flue-cured tobacco-rice. The available sulfur and total sulfur contents were remarkable increased from 1 to 15 years and were steady after 15 years in continuous tobacco planting soil.

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The Relation Between the Characters of Vascular Bundle and Panicle in the Filial Generation from Indica and Japonica Rice

CHEN Shu-qiang, XU Zheng-jin, CHEN Wen-fu, XU Hai, LIU Hong-guang, ZHU Chun-jie, WANG Yun, WANG Jia-yu

2007, 22(5): 8-14. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2007.05.002

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In order to reveal the relations between the characters of vascular bundle and panicle in rice, An F6 population from a cross between a japonica variety Zhongyouzao 8 and an indica variety Fengjin was used as materials. There was a significantly positive correlations between the number of the large and small vascular bundle of the neck-panicle, the number of the large and small vascular bundle of the second internode, the efficiency of large vascular bundles and primary rachis branches and the number of the first and second branches and their grains and filled grains, the length of the first and second branches, secondary rachis branches grains rate, panicle neck width, the length and weight of panicle, grains density, the number of grains and filled grains per panicle, and the yield of per panicle, respectively. But the number of panicle was opposite. The relations between the characters of vascular bundle and secondary rachis branches was closer than primary rachis branches. The relation between the ratio of large vascular bundles to small vascular bundles of the second internode, the ratio of large vascular bundles between the second top stem and neck-panicle, that of the small one and panicle traits is negative. There was not correlation between the characters of vascular bundle and seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, panicle type index, the first node length of panicle. Regression and path analysis for the characters of vascular bundle and panicle showed the efficiency of primary rachis branches had a greatly direct effect on the grains per panicle, the number of the first and second branches and their grains, and yield per panicle. The effect of primary rachis branches efficiency for yield per panicle was the most. The efficiency of large vascular bundles had a greatly indirect effect on those characters. The efficiency of large vascular bundles exceeded 0.5 in japonica and pre-japonica rice, but the rice of indica and pre-indica was opposite. The efficiency of primary rachis branches was nearly 1.0 in indica and pre-indica rice, but the rice of japonica and pre-japonica was about 0.5. There was a close correlation between the efficiency of large vascular bundles and primary rachis branches and the panicle characters, and yield per panicle. The vary degree of the efficiency of large vascular bundles and primary rachis branches was notably different in parents and its hybrid descendants. Because it reflected the good configuration and function of panicle characters, it could be thought of a reference standard as the choice of good panicle characters.

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Physiological Races of Rice Blast in Heilongjiang Province and Species Identification of Resistance to Resource

XIN Wei, WANG Jingguo, SUN Jian, LIU Hualong, GUO Liying, JIANG Sida, XU Tianyu, ZHAO Hongwei, ZOU Detang

2016, 31(4): 130-137. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2016.04.022

Abstract (610) PDF (243) RichHTML

Blast resistance of rice varieties in Heilongjiang Province in order to clear resource,mining germplasm resources,timely understanding of groups of physiological variation of Heilongjiang Province.Useing the Chinese name of physiological races method,by spraying bacteria identification at the seedling stage.The races of rice blast in Heilongjiang Province from 2013 to 2014 can be divided into 7 groups of 42 physiological races,in which the dominant races were ZD₅ and ZD₇,and frequency of occurrence was 19.77% and 12.21%,respectively.The total frequency was 31.98%.The result of resistance test in seedling showed that 14 accessions had broad resistance spectrum,these accessions with 2-7 rice blast resistance genes has been identified,The 29 combinations,such as suijing 12 and Hejiang 23 (Pi9,Pi20,Pi33,Pi54,Pik),Mudanjiang 26 and Longjing 31 (Pi9,Pi20,Pi33,Pi54,Pita,Pik) and Mudanjiang 26 and Hejiang 23 (Pi9,Pi20,Pi33,Pi54,Pik) and so on had better effect of blast resistance on breeding production.These comparisons have the quality of,enhancing the level of resistance and broadening the spectrum of resistance.The combinations interfered with Longjing 31 and other 9 materials had better resistance to rice blast.14 accessions were base materials for multiple resistance genes aggregated in breeding.There may be other unknown genes or new genes in some of the broad spectrum resistant materials,such as Kendao 15,Longjing 23 and Mudanjiang 25 which are containing 2 genes identified in this study,can be used as the test materials in further identification and finding resistance genes.

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Study on the Physiology of Transgenic Rice Seedlings with Gene of Betaine Aldehyde DehydrogeNa⁺se Gene under Salt Stress

SUN Yao-zhong, DONG Fang-yang, CHEN Shou-yi, YANG Xiao-ling, LIU Yong-jun, GUO Xue-min

2004, 19(3): 38-42. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2004.03.010

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Salt stress experiments of rice seedlings of two lines with a gene encoding for BADH,51一22，52 一7 and the recipient Zhonghua No. 8，were conducted under the Na⁺CI concentration of 0，3. 0，5. 0，7. 0 g/L. The results showed that the rice cultivars with a gene encoding for BADH demonstrated higher salt tolerance than its recipient;The gene encoding for BADH could reduce the salt injury by increasing CAT activity,root ac-tivity,chlorophyll content and cell membrane osmosis,and by decreasing the Na⁺十concentration in the seedlings under high Na⁺CI stress (Na⁺CI concentration:5.0, 7. 0 g/L) ; The CAT activity, SN。十/K* and chlorophyll content are the main physiological indexes affecting the seedling growth.

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Effect of Cadmium on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Amylolytic Activity of Rice

HE Jun-yu, REN Yan-fang

2008, 23(S1): 131-134. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2008.S1.033

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Baidu(45)

The effects of different cadmium concentrations on seed germination, seedling growth and amylolytic activity of rice cultivar Xiushui 11 (Oryza sativa L. cv. Xiushui 11) were studied. The results showed that cadmium had litt le effect on germination rate except seeds were treated under high concentration of cadmium. However, germinat ion index, vigour index, root length and amylolytic activity were signif icantly reduced with the increase of cadmium. The inh-ibit ion of cadmium on root growth was more obviously than that on plumula, and the inhibition on the activity of anylase was more seriously than that on anylase.

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Identification and Expressions Analysis of Rice miRNA Related to Salt and Drought Stresses

PENG Ting, WEN Huili, ZHAO Yafan, WANG Bobo, JIN Yuman, SUN Hongzheng, ZHAO Quanzhi

2018, 33(2): 20-27. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2018.02.004

Abstract (586) PDF (144) RichHTML

To identify the miRNAs and their response regular patterns to salt stress and drought stress,rice seedlings at three leaves stage were used to quantify the expression of miRNAs and their targets when treated with salt and drought stresses at 0,3,6,12,24,48 h by qRT-PCR. The results demonstrated that expression patterns of miRNAs were affected by space-time and tissues under salt and drought treatments. Further analysis indicated that the expressions of miR156,miR164,miR167,miR169, and miR171 upregulated in roots with time and expressions of miR159,miR160,miR319,miR398, and miR1848 downregulated at 3 h and then upregulated when treated with salt(NaCl). And the 10 miRNAs were performed their lowest expressions in shoots at 3 or 6 h under NaCl treatment. On the other hand,the expressions of the most of the 10 miRNAs downregulated in roots generally and expressions of miR156,miR159 and miR160 downregulated in shoots and the expression patterns of miR167,miR169,miR319,miR398, and miR1848 down regulated first and then upregulated when treated with drought(PEG). Furthermore,expression patterns of targets were also affected by space-time and tissues. And only few expression patterns of the 10 miRNAs negatively correlated with its target,which implied the complexity of the regulation network of miRNA and its target in response to stresses.

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Mutanted OsCOL9 Based on CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Rice

LIU Wei, LIU Hao, DONG Shuangyu, GU Fengwei, CHEN Zhiqiang, WANG Jiafeng, WANG Hui

2017, 32(4): 42-48. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2017.04.007

Abstract (583) PDF (135) RichHTML

The CRISPR/Cas9 system can directly to edit endogenous genomic loci in plant,provide a new opportunities for crop breeding.To explore the editing efficiency of the system on rice endogenous gene and obtain meaningful mutants,using the susceptible rice variety Lijiang and the disease resistance gene OsCOL9 as the target gene.The full-length CDS of OsCOL9 was 1 266 bp long and encoding a 422 aa protein with a molecular weight of about 45.6 kDa,and the N-terminus contained the B-box domain,and the C-terminus contains the CCT (CONSTANS,CONSTANS-Like,TOC1) domain.In this study,four 20 nt guide RNAs (gRNAs) which were targeted to the initiation region CDS and terminal exon of OsCOL9 were designed and transcribed from the U3,U6a,U6b and U6c promoters,respectively. The sequences near the editing site were analyzed by extracting genomic DNA from T1 transgenic plants.The number of target base deletions was 59 bp and the number of mutations was up to 11 times.In this study,we get better gene editing results.However,there have been more serious off-target effects in this experiment.Therefore,we focus on off-target effects in the discussion section of this paper. Owing largely to its flexibility,efficiency and no insertion of exogenous gene,it has important practical significance to combine biotechn ology and traditional breeding.

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QTL Analysis of Root Number and Root Length in Rice Seedling Stage under Salt and Alkali Stress

SUO Yining, ZHANG Chunke, YU Qiaoqiao, ZHANG Enyuan, XIE Dongwei, LENG Yue, WANG Liang, SUN Jian

2018, 33(5): 9-15. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2018.05.002

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The number and the length of roots as well as its QTL would provide theoretical basis for genetic mechanisms and molecular marker assisted breeding of salt and alkaline tolerance. Recombinant inbred lines(RIL)of sensitive varieties Dongnong 425 tolerant varieties Changbai 10 cross were treated with 140 mmol/L NaCl and 0.15% Na₂CO₃ as salt and alkali stress,and normal condition as control. The number and the length of roots during seedling stage were measured,and using complete interval mapping(ICIM)of QTL IciMapping v3.3 software to analysis the QTL under salt,alkali and normal conditions. We detected eighteen additive QTL located on 1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9 and 10 chromosomes with LOD 2.01-3.35,and the contribution rate to phenotypic variation was 6.02%-20.06%.Under natural conditions,four QTL related to the root number were detected,among which,12.46% was the largest contribution rate of qNRN7-2,while no QTL were detected related to the root length. Under salt stress,five QTL were detected related to the number and length of roots,among which,20.06% was the largest contribution rate of qSRN3. Under alkali stress,three QTL related to the root number and root length were detected. The contribution rate of qARN2 was 12.99%,and the contributions of qARL3 and qARL5 were 7.04% and 8.88% respectively. We found four different number and length related QTL between normal and salt condition. Among them,the contribution rates of qN-SRN8-2 and qN-SRL1 were relatively large,14.01% and 14.12%,respectively.In normal and alkali conditions,two number and length related QTL were detected on 3 and 10 chromosomes. One QTL associated with root number, qN-ARN3,located on chromosome 3,with contribution rate 6.02%.One QTL were detected related to the number and length of roots,among which,7.45% was the largest contribution rate of qN-ARL10 on chromosome 10. Under alkali and salt stress conditions,the number and length of rice seedling roots were significantly affected,and compared with salt stress,rice was more sensitive to alkali stress.

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Effect of Salt Stress on Starch Formation and Yield of Japonica Rice in Cold-region

HU Bowen, GU Jiaojiao, JIA Yan, SHA Hanjing, ZHANG Junyan, HUANG Shuqin, ZHAO Hongwei

2019, 34(1): 115-123. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.201751052

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In order to investigate the effect of salt stress on starch synthesis and accumulation of Japonica rice in cold-region and enrich the physiological basis of salt tolerance research.The paper used pot experiment to study the influence of different concentrations of salt stress on the key enzymes activities related to starch of Japonica rice in cold-region and the relationships between the changes rule in key enzymes activities and starch content, revealed the response mechanism of Japonica rice in cold-region kernel starch anabolism under salt stress,studied the effect of yield and yield components of Japonica rice in cold-region under salt stress, as well as the effect of yield formation mechanism of Japonica rice in cold-region under salt stress. The results showed that compared with the control, the activities of soluble starch synthase (SSS),ADPG pyrophosphorylase and starch branching enzyme(Q enzyme) in grain of Japonica rice in cold-region decreased under salt stress, and the contents of total starch and amylopectin in grain decreased, while the amylose content in grain increased. Meanwhile,with the increased of salt concentration, the indicators of yield components gradually declined, salt stress mainly affected the grain number per panicle and seed setting rate of MDJ30 and thus affected the yield, while LD5 was the effective panicle number and seed setting rate. When soil salt content was more than 0.075%, the theoretical yield was greatly affected. In terms of variety, compared with MDJ30, the salt-tolerance variety LD5 had relatively high starch synthase activity, which results in a higher content of starch and its components.This was beneficial to grain dry matter accumulation and ensure that its yield could still be maintained at relatively high levels under salt stress. Thus, the key enzyme activite of starch synthesis in kernel is different product of different salt-tolerant varieties responding to salt stress, the change rule and the level of its activity can be used as an indicator for salt tolerance identification.

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Correlation Analyses of Amylose Contents and Srarch RVA Profiles of New Rice Varieties( Lines) Carrying Wx-mq Gene

YU Xin, ZHANG Ya-dong, ZHU Zhen, ZHAO Ling, CHEN Tao, ZHAO Qing-yong, ZHOU Li-hui, YAO Shu, ZHAO Chun-fang, WANG Cai-lin

2013, 28(5): 53-58. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2013.05.010

Abstract (575) PDF (185) RichHTML

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57 new rice varieties(lines)carrying Wx-mq gene were used as experimental materials. Marker-assis-ted selection,chemical extraction,as well as statistical methods were used to detect Wx-mq gene,to determine rice RVA profile characteristics and amylose content of all varieties ( lines),to study the relationship among RVA profile characteristics between RVA profile characteristics and amylose contents ( AC ). To study the differences of RVA profile characteristics of rice varieties with different AC,we divided these varieties into three groups,including low AC,moderate AC and high AC. The results showed as follows:It was shown that Wx-mq gene were detected in 57 new rice varieties ( lines ). The tight relationship among RVA profiles was found. There were very significant (P<0.01) positive correlations among PKV,HPV,CPV,PeT and CSV,very significant positive correlations be-tween BDV and PKV,among PeT,SBV and CSV,respectively,significant(P<0.05)positive correlations between PaT and HPV,PaT and PeT,respectively,and very significant negative correlation between SBV and PKV,SBV and BDV. Determination of amylose content indicated that the amylose content of 57 materials were mainly distributed between 8%-11%.Varieties with different AC had different RVA profile characteristics,when AC was higher,PKV,HPV, CPV,CSV,PeT and PaT were higher,and the trend of BDV and SBV were not obvious. AC was very significant posi-tively correlated to HPV,CPV,CSV and PeT,and significant positively correlated to PKV. The results of this study can be further expanded the theoretical basis of using RVA profile value to evaluate rice cooking and eating qualities.

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Cloning and Expression of LRR-RLK Gene LP7 in Rice

LIN Faming, LI Shen, WANG Ke, GAO Junfeng, LI Guanghao, WANG Daichang, DU Changqing, ZHAO Quanzhi

2019, 34(2): 19-24. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.201751355

Abstract (565) PDF (170) RichHTML

LRR-RLK (Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase) is the largest subfamily of the receptor-like protein kinase RLK family and plays an important role in regulating the plant abiotic stress. To understand the role of rice LRR-RLK member LP7 (LOC_Os05g24010) in resistance to low phosphorus stress, the full-length sequence of LP7 was cloned from rice variety Nipponbare, and its deduced amino acid sequence was analyzed to study the tissue expression pattern, subcellular localization and expression change under low phosphorus stress. The results showed that the LP7 gene was 2 832 bp in length and encoded 943 amino acids. The LP7 protein had the typical characteristics of LRR-RLK membership. The LP7 protein had high homology with the homologous protein NP_001131018 of maize, reaching to 77%. Expression patterns showed that LP7 could express in roots, stems, leaves and other tissues, but the highest in leaves. Subcellular localization result indicated that the LP7 protein was localized on the cell membrane. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the LP7 gene was induced by low-phosphorus stress, and its expression level increased by 15 times, compared to normal culture condition. The results indicated that LP7 might have important functions in response to low phosphorus stress in rice.

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Genetic Analysis and Gene Fine Mapping of a Midrib-deficient Mutant dl-6 in Rice

WANG Jun, WANG Jing, YANG Jie, ZHAO Xiang-qiang, ZHU Jin-yan, FAN Fang-jun, LI Wen-qi, WANG Fang-quan, ZHONG Wei-gong

2014, 29(6): 6-10. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2014.06.002

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To clone the DL-6 locus,positive and negative cross combinations were developed between dl-6 and 9311,and genetic analysis found that drooping leaf was controlled by one recessive nuclear gene DL-6. DL-6 was primarily mapped on the short arm of chromosome 3 with SSR markers.With newly developed markers DL-6 was finally fine mapped in 85 kb region between markers I3-5 and I3-8.Open reading frame (ORF) analysis revealed that ORF9 might be a drooping leaf related gene.ORF9 both in mutant dl-6 and in wild type were sequenced and 1 bp mutation was found in first exon in dl-6 when blasted with Nipponbare.Cysteine mutated into arginine in dl-6.Meanwhile,8 bp deletion was also found at 3' end of YABBY.These two mutations which one is the functional mutation of DL-6 is still uncertain and need deeply research.

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Evaluation of Resistance to Rice Panicle Blast with Resistant Genes Pi-b, Pi-ta, Pikm and Pi54

FAN Fang-jun, WANG Fang-quan, LIU Yong-feng, WANG Jun, ZHU Jin-yan, LI Wen-qi, ZHONG Wei-gong, YANG Jie

2014, 29(3): 221-226. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2014.03.040

Abstract (563) PDF (259) RichHTML

In this study, 64 late maturity japonica test lines of Jiangsu Province were detected with the functional markers of rice blast resistance genes Pi-b, Pi-ta, Pikm and Pi54 in rice.Combined with the identification of rice panicle blast resistance, the role of blast resistance genes Pi-b, Pi-ta, Pikm and Pi54 for Japonica rice breeding with blast resistance in Jangsu Province has been analysized.There were 49 lines containing rice blast resistance gene Pi-b, 26 lines containing Pi-ta, 19 lines containing Pikm, 25 lines containing Pi54 in 64 lines.Through artificial or disease nursery identification, the resistance performance into 2 levels(Moderate resistance) of disease resistance were 10 lines, 3 levels(Susceptible) were 43 lines, 4 levels(High susceptible) were 11 lines.If new lines contain blast resistance genes Pi-ta(26 new lines), or combined with Pi-b, Pikm and Pi54 (4 new lines), the levels of panicle blast resistance showed 2 levels(Moderate resistance) or 3 levels(Susceptible) and never 4 levels(High susceptible), while lines with other resistance gene combinations generally exhibited 4 grade levels of panicle blast resistance(High susceptible).A correlation showed that only the rice blast resistance gene Pi-ta has certain correlation with Panicle Blast Resistance(r=0.344, P<0.01).

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Molecular Improvement Based on the Strategy of ‘Multiple Genes Pyramiding-early-generation Hybridized Combination’ in Rice

CHEN Likai, GUO Tao, LIU Yongzhu, WANG Hui, CHEN Zhiqiang

2017, 32(3): 77-84. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2017.03.012

Abstract (563) PDF (162) RichHTML

Low selection-efficient and long cycle are the main bottle necks of conventional breeding technique.In order to make improvement of the efficiency of variety breeding and hybridized-combination,we innovated the molecular breeding strategy in rice.Then we carried out molecular improvement of restorer line and evaluation of new hybrid combination by multiple genes pyramiding and early-generation hybridized combination.The donor parent H318 was hybridized with restorer parent Huazhan,and we constructed the multiple genes pyramiding technology by selection and design molecular markers,and performed pyramiding-improvement application with 6 functional genes for grain quality,fragrance,and disease resistance,including Wx^b,fgr,Xa23,Pi2,Pi46,and Pita.As the result,we achieved a series of 14 stable rice lines with genetic background of restorer line Huazhan,homozygous target-genes,and high grain-quality,double-resistant,and fragrance.In accordance with stable-inheritance properties,ideas of early-generation hybridized combination was raised.Test cross of improved lines with CMS lines in production practice of NingA and C815S were carried out,and performance of new hybrid combination was evaluated,therefore,potential superior hybrid rice was screened and achieved.In this study,breeding programs adopted the strategy of multiple genes pyramiding-early-generation hybridized combination,this method could realize the quick pyramiding of multiple favorable genes,targeted improvement of key traits of grain quality and disease-resistant,promotion of high-efficiency breeding of hybrid rice.

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The Divergent Role of Sex Determination Gene TASSELSEED2 in Rice

GUO Yingying, HOU Zhipeng, ZHONG Ming, CHEN Lijing, MA Hui, ZHANG Li, XU Zhengjin, LI Haoge

2017, 32(3): 7-12. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2017.03.002

Abstract (559) PDF (123) RichHTML

The development of floral organs is crucial for the production of crops,in which the formation of unisexual flowers by sex-determination is one of the important theoretic issues.The TASSELSEED2 gene is a JA-synthesis gene which regulates the formation of staminate flower in maize.Previous studies showed that TS2 genes of grasses might adopt new or divergent functions during evolution.In order to get insights into the divergent role of TS2,we compared the protein structure of rice TS2 with maize TS2 by bioinformatic tools.The results showed that OsTS2 encodes a typical SDR protein which contains a conserved GASGIG motif and YTASK motif.The substrate catalyzed by OsTS2 protein was also predicted to be similar with that by maize TS2 protein.We Further examined the expression pattens of OsTS2 and maize TS2 in different tissues.RNA-seq data showed that OsTS2 mainly expressed in the inflorescence of rice.In accord with JA and other hormone regulatory elements found in the promoter of OsTS2,the increased expression of OsTS2 was obviously observed by qPCR in MeJA-treated rice.Whereas,the expression of maize TS2 was mainly detected in 8-leaf stage of maize rather than in inflorescence,and its expression was not affected by exogenous methyl jasmonate.Taken together,these results provide a clue that OsTS2 might recruit a divergent role during evolution.

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Molecular Improvement of Rice Blast Resistance in a Rice Maintainer Line Ruanhua B Based on MAS

ZHAO Zhe, WANG Yujiang, LIANG Jiecai, LIU Yongzhu, ZHOU Jiyong, CHEN Xionghui, LIANG Keqin, XIAO Wuming

2023, 38(1): 144-153. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.20193407

Abstract (559) PDF (71) RichHTML (8)

In order to improve blast resistance of the maintainer line Ruanhua B,to carry rice blast resistance genes Pi46 and Pi2 high-quality Indica H281 as the donor parent,Ruanhua B as recurrent parent,using marker-assisted selection(MAS)technology combined with pedigree breeding method,polymerization of two foreign genes with improved maintenance line Ruanhua B resistance,Ruanhua B was carried out on the characteristics of stable strain identification of resistance to rice blast,rice quality analysis,etc.Two BC₁F₆ populations,two BC₂F₅ populations and two BC₃F₄ populations with two homozygous target genes were obtained by backcrossing,multi-generation self-crossing and molecular marker detection.Field naturally induced identification showed that the improved lines of different backcrossing generations were resistant to rice blast.The sterility of backcross generation to sterile lines ranged from 52.7% to 100.0%.Agronomic traits and rice quality analysis showed that the improved lines basically conserved the main agronomic characters and rice quality characteristics of Ruanhua B.The results of SNP gene chip analysis showed that the background response rate of BC₁F₆was 74.42%—77.77%,that of BC₂F₅ was 86.42%—87.75%,and that of BC₃F₄ was 92.27%—92.59%.Multiple resistance genes can be effectively polymerized by continuous backcross,self-cross and marker-assisted selection techniques to obtain a new maintainer line resistant to rice blast,and achieve rapid molecular improvement of maintainer line Ruanhua B.

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Effects of Sowing Date on Aroma Formation, Quality and Yield of Early Season Aromatic Rice

YANG Xiao-juan, TANG Xiang-ru, WEN Xiang-cheng, LI Yan-hong, ZHOU Xin-jian

2014, 29(3): 128-135. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2014.03.024

Abstract (558) PDF (168) RichHTML

In order to investigate the effects of sowing dates on 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline content and quality and yield, to confirm the appropriate sowing date of early season aromatic rice in South China double-cropping region, a field experiment was carried out using Guixiangzhan and Nongxiang 18 cultivars to determine an appropriate sowing date for early season aromatic rice to study the effects of different sowing dates on aroma (2-AP), quality and yield.The results showed:Aromatic rice sown on 10 March achieved the highest 2-AP content.The 2-AP content of Guixiangzhan and Nongxiang 18 were up to 24.35, 11.67 ng/g respecticely.There was a significant negative correlation between 2-AP content and sunshine hours.Treatments having higher 2-AP content also had a higher free proline content, higher proline dehydrogenase activities in grain.Delay sowing properly increased the milled rice rate, while it reduced the cooking and eating quality.Guixiangzhan and Nongxiang 18 sown on 5 March achieved the highest grain yield, the yield of Guixiangzhan and Nongxiang 18 were up to 6.57, 6.77 t/ha respecticely.Delay sowing reduced yield of aromatic rice in different degrees.The yield of Guixinagzhan decreased 7.87%-18.27%, while the yield of Nongxiang 18 decreased 3.45%-24.14%.In this field condition, aromatic rice sown on 5 March achieved the highest yield, sown on 10 March achieved the highest 2-AP content.Hence, the appropriateearly season sowing date for aromatic rice was between 5 March and 10 March.

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MAS Breeding of Hanghui 1173,a Blast-resistant Rice Restoring Line of Hybrid Rice

SUN Da-yuan, ZHOU Dan-hua, XIAO Wu-ming, YANG Qi-yun, WANG Hui, ZHANG Jian-guo, CHEN Zhi-qiang

2014, 29(6): 121-125. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2014.06.021

Abstract (543) PDF (440) RichHTML

Baidu(4)

Cultivar Hanghui 173 is the restorer line,a parent for a number of hybrids in our research group.However,cultivar Hanghui 173 is highly susceptible to rice blast.In this study,a rice blast resistance gene Pi46 was introgressed to improve the blast resistance and amylose content of Hanghui 173 and its derived hybrids,by marker-assisted selection (MAS).Our results showed that,the improved Hanghui 1173 conferred a broad spectrum resistance and showed stable panicle blast resistance for five at natural blast nursery.The result of examining agronomic traits showed that the improved Hanghui 1173 and its hybrids were similar to controls.

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Observation on Particular Embryo Sac of Rice Using Confocal Microscopy

DAI Xi-mei, HUANG Qun-ce, QIN Guang-yong, LI Guo-ping

2006, 21(6): 26-29. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2006.06.007

Abstract (539) PDF (911) RichHTML

Baidu(9)

The formation and development of embryo sac in the diploid and its autotetraploid of rice cultivar IR36 was examined using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy.Some particular types of embryo sacs,such as those with three-nucleare,six-nucleare and nine-nucleare,and degenerated ones,were found in diploid rice.These types of embryo sacs were not reported before.The mechanism for the formation of these specific embryo sacs is not clear and needs to be studied further.Our results provide some scientific references for better understanding the development of rice embryo sac.

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Transgenic Rice with High Expression of C₄-PEPC Genes Induced Higher Carbon and Nitrogen Key Enzyme to Maintain Photosynthesis under Low Nitrogen Conditions

TANG Yu-ting, LI Xia, LU Wei, WEI Xiao-dong

2015, 30(4): 95-100. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.04.017

Abstract (539) PDF (383) RichHTML

The objective of this study was to reveal transgenic rice with high expression of maize C₄-PEPC photosynthetic performance under low nitrogen conditions,two rice genotypes including C₄-PEPC transgenic rice (PC)and untransgenic Kitaake rice(WT) in the pot experiments were chosen to measure their photosynthesis characteristics,SPAD values,PEPC,Rubisco,NR and GS activities of flag leaves at different flowering stage under different nitrogen applications(normal nitrogen 300 kg/ha,low nitrogen 65 kg/ha) and their yield component were investigated after harvest.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of PC compared with WT were increased by 13.10% (P <0.05) and 29.29% (P <0.05),respectively in the 14,28 d after flowering under low nitrogen treatment.At the same time,under low concentrations of nitrogen,relative to untransformed wild type rice,activity of Rubisco carboxylase of PC were increased by 67.86% and 52.63% (P <0.05) in the 14,28 d after flowering respectively,while activity of nitrate reductase of PC were increased 79.49% (P <0.05) and 17.96%.Meanwhile,activity of glutamine synthetase of PC was increased 28.48% (P <0.05) only in the 28 days after flowering comparing with WT.But we did not find significant differences in the yield of PC and WT under low nitrogen conditions.Therefore,PC maintain high net photosynthetic rate by inducing the activity of carbon and nitrogen key enzyme improvement under low nitrogen conditions.

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Characterization of the Promoter of a Rice rTGA4 Like Transcription Factor

LIAN Zi-yi, YANG Yu-wen, CHEN Tian-zi, ZHANG Bao-long, LIU Ai-min

2013, 28(4): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2013.04.001

Abstract (526) PDF (213) RichHTML

The family of TGA transcription factors cooperates with NPR1 to play a very important role in dis- ease defence． A 1 995 bp sequence of the 5'UTR of a new TGA transcription factor rTGA4 was isolated from rice mutant HX- 3 genomic DNA and named pTGA， which shows 94% similarity to the genomic sequence of nipponbare． Sequence analysis of the promoter by PLACE and Plant CARE showed that the cloned fragment contained such some basic transcription element TATA and CAAT- Box， and some putative cis- elements， such as abscisic acid respon- seive， ethylene responsive， MeJA responsive， gibberellin- responsive and pathogen responsive elements． Then an ex- pression vector was constructed by connecting the pTGA with pCXGUS- T /A and it was transformed to Arabidopsis thaliana by Agrobacterium- mediated method． The transgenic plants were analyzed by PCR amplification and GUS staining． We found that GUS gene was mainly expressed in shoot tip of seedling and did not detect GUS activity in other parts， but the specific expression was lost during mature period． So we consider that the pTGA is a tissue spe- cific promoter which is regulated by growth stage． Characterization of the promoter of the rTGA4 lays a foundation for cloning the resistant gene in HX- 3 and its further application．

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Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits Affecting Yield Level in Alpine-cold Ecological Regions of Japonica Rice in Yunnan Province

YANG Shu-ming, ZHANG Su-hua, DU Juan, YANG Tao, PU Xiao-ying, YANG Xiao-meng, ZENG Ya-wen

2015, 30(S1): 120-128. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.S1.022

Abstract (525) PDF (203) RichHTML

In order to explicit objective breeding traits in various alpine-cold ecological regions of japonica rice in Yunnan Province.A set of 105 near-isogenic lines,BC₄F₈ was developed by backcrossing between Lijiangxintuanheigu(the stongly cold-tolerant japonica landrace,grant No.2)as a donor parent and Towada(cold-sensitive japonica cultivar)as a recurrent parent,and was used as materials,and were grown in Baiyi(alpine-cold Japonica rice region,AJRR),Xundian(cool-warm Japonica rice region,CWJRR)and Yuxi(Indica and Japonica rice interlace region,IJRIR)in Yunnan,respectively.The regulation pattern for 22 growth and grain yield-related traits in three locations was discussed by two-way ANOVA,principle component analysis,stepwise regression analysis and path analysis.The results indicated that No.of panicles per plant(NPP),peduncle length(PDL),node length under spike(NLUS),panicle length(PL),No.of primary rachis branches(NPRB),number of secondary rachis branches(NSRB)and number of spikelets per panicle(NSPP)were mainly attributed by genotypes.The difference of environmental conditions was the main factor affecting plant height(PH),length of flag leaf(LFL),blighted grains per panicle(BGPP),dry straw weight per plant(DSWP)and biomass yield per plant(BYP).Width of flag leaf(WFF),width of the 2nd leaf from the top(WWLF),filled grains per panicle(FGPP),seed setting rate(SSR),thousand-grain weight(TGW)and grains yield per plant(GPP)were mainly influenced by genotypes×environments interaction.The results of principle components analysis showed that the main factors influencing GPP were NPP,NSPP,TGW,SSR,LFL,WFF,anther development,panicle exsertion and dry matter accumulation.The conclusions according to multiple stepwise regression analysis and path analysis were consistent,which showed that there were different dominant factors in various locations.The comprehensive effects of 3 main agronomic traits on GPP ranked as follows:TGW > SSR > NPRB,determination coefficient of three factors was 0.831,and the direct effects of all traits was positive in AJRR.The coefficient of determination reached 0.872,and the magnitude of each factor affecting GPP was SSR,Length between first to second node,LFL,PDL,whereas the biggest direct positive effects on grain weight per plant was SSR and LFL in CWJRR.The coefficient of determination reached 0.855,and the magnitude of each factor affecting GPP was NSPP,TGW,DSWP,WFF,NPP and anther volume,which direct effects of grain weight per plant was positive in IJRIR.The high yield structure was obtained according to multiple statistics in three regions,respectively.The coordinating relationship between grain weight and grain number per panicle should regard as an important criteria in AJRR and CWJRR.Moreover,grain number per panicle,massive-spike and panicle number per plant were selected in IJRIR.

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Transcriptional Analysis of Rice Root under Nitrogen Deficiency

SHAO Caihong, LI Yao, QIAN Yinfei, CHEN Jin, CHEN Xianmao, GUAN Xianjiao, LIU Guangrong, PENG Chunrui, QIU Caifei

2018, 33(1): 168-175. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2018.01.025

Abstract (525) PDF (151) RichHTML

Rice development should be effected by nutrient deficiency,and the root was respondent to environmental stress earlier than shoot.To reveal the mechanism of nitrogen stress on rice root,the transcriptome of rice root was analyzed under nitrogen stress.The Illumina Hiseq2000 high-throughput sequencing technology was used to get the comprehensive transcriptome from rice root in response to nitrogen stress,and a total of 2 270 differentially expressed Unigenes were generated including 1 176 up-regulated Unigenes and 1 094 down-regulated Unigenes.With GO functional classifications and Pathways,all differentially expression Unigenes were grouped into 48 categories and 118 metabolisms,respectively,in which many functional metabolisms,such as glycolysis,fatty acid metabolism,oxidative phosphorylation,amino acid metabolism,starch and sucrose metabolism,and so on,were included.The function of some differentially expression Unigenes in root were analyzed,and the results indicated that a lot of new proteins were induced for enzyme by nitrogen stress,which involved in the new RNA and protein synthesis.The Unigenes associated with polar auxin transport to root,plant cell growth and enzymic synthesis of lignin precursors were up-regulated greatly,which resulted in longer root.

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Expression Characteristics of Rice OsGRAS39 Gene and Creation of Its Mutants Based on CRISPR/Cas9 Technique

ZOU Jie

2020, 35(6): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.20191602

Abstract (523) PDF (316) RichHTML

In order to investigate the function of OsGRAS39 (LOC_Os10g22430.1) in rice, the expression patterns of OsGRAS39 in different tissues and under diverse abiotic stresses as well as phytohormone ABA and GA₃ treatments were analyzed by qRT-PCR; and the OsGRAS39 gene knockout mutants were constructed based on CRISPR/Cas9 system. The results of qRT-PCR analysis showed that OsGRAS39 was expressed in all tissues tested. The mRNA abundance of OsGRAS39 was highest in rice seedlings, followed by young roots and leaves, while lesser in leaf sheaths, panicles, roots and stems at the heading stage. The expression of OsGRAS39 was inhibited by high temperature, while induced by low temperature, NaCl and ABA. Under the treatment of 10% PEG6000, there was no significant difference in the expression level of OsGRAS39 at all treatment time points. Under the treatment of 20 μmol/L GA₃, the expression level of OsGRAS39 was down-regulated at 2-8 h and up-regulated at 24 h. In addition, the OsGRAS39 gene knockout vector pP1C.3-OsGRAS39-gRNA was successfully constructed by seamless cloning. Thirty transgenic rice lines were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. The sequencing results of target site showed that 8 out of 30 transgenic rice seedlings were found to have different mutation types, including 1 homozygous mutant, 5 biallelic mutants and 2 heterozygous mutants. In conclusion, OsGRAS39 may be involved in the regulation of rice resistance to high temperature, low temperature and NaCl stress. The OsGRAS39 knock-out mutants were successfully created.

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Relationship of Sword Leaf Morphology and Transpiration Characteristic at Booting Stage with Salt Tolerance

SUN Jian, ZHAO Hong-wei, WANG Jing-guo, LIU Hua-long, XIE Dong-wei, LIU Zhong-liang, GUO Li-ying, ZOU De-tang

2012, 27(6): 84-91. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2012.06.018

Abstract (522) PDF (431) RichHTML

The objective of our study was making clear the salt tolerance mechanism during booting stage and providing theoretical basis for selecting the salt tolerant index． 6 rice varieties were used as experimental materials． Salt stress was performed under field growth condition for irrigating water solution prepared with NaCl． Sword leaves were sampled at booting stage to analyze the uptaking rule of Na⁺,K⁺,Ca²⁺and morphology and transpiration characteristic， the relationship between salt tolerance and them was also analyzed． The result showed that the salt tolerance of 6 varieties were Longdao 5 >Changbai 10 >Songjing 12 >Dongnong 425 >Mudanjiang 26 >Mudanjiang 30 in order based on the salt tolerance coefficient． Na⁺content in rice was increased，K⁺content decreased after salt stress． For salt tolerant varieties， the accumulation of Na⁺in aerial part was less than in root，K⁺in aerial part was more and having no obvious difference in root． Ca²⁺concentrated mainly in root and had no obvious variance for salt tolerant varieties after salt stress，but decreased obviously for sensitive varieties． The difference of sword leaf length， sword leaf width and sword leaf area between treatment and control were significant and very significant，and the damage of sword leaf for salt tolerant varieties was slight． The sword leaf of some varieties tend to curl after stress and some tend to unfold from curling， the curling dimension of salt tolerant varieties was less that of salt sensitive varieties． Chlorophyll content degraded gradually following with the decreasing of variety' s salt tolerance，had the significant or very significant difference． Salt tolerant varieties had the high transpiration rate and stomatal conduct ance after salt stress，but canopy temperature stepped up following with the decreasing of variety's salt tolerance． The relative value of K⁺content in aerial part， sword leaf's width，canopy temperature，Na⁺content in root，Ca²⁺ content in root， sword leaf area and transpiration efficiency during booting stage could be the index for rice salt tolerance screening and identification．

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Effect of the Activator Protein from Magnaporthe grisea on Plant Growth and Physiological Activities

XU Feng, YANG Yong, XIE Fu-jiao, LIU Zheng, QIU De-wen, YANG Xiu-fen

2006, 21(5): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2006.05.001

Abstract (519) PDF (527) RichHTML

The activator protein from Magnaporthe grisea could significantly promote seed germination and young seedling growth;it also could improve the disease resistance with the defensive efficiency of 50.68% and drought resistance of rice with the drought resistance integrated index increased from 55 to 92.The activities of cellulose and alcohol dehydrogenase,and the contents of hydrogen peroxide and proline of plant were enhanced after treatment,which play important roles in promoting plant growth and improving stress tolerance.

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Effect of High Temperature on Starch Formation of Grain and Activities of Enzymes Related to Starch Synthesis of Quality Rice Varieties

Lv Yan-mei, TAN Wei-ping, XIAO Ceng-lin, FAN Mei-rong, LIAO Yu-lin

2014, 29(1): 135-139. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2014.01.025

Abstract (512) PDF (240) RichHTML

Baidu(8)

The effects of high temperature on grain starch accumulation,Yuzhenxiang and Xiangwanxian 12 were investigated. In grain growing in pots with temperature controlled and moisture controlled green house in different days after anthesis,compared with grain growing in natural temperature as CK. The results showed that amounts of amy-lopectin and starch accumulation in grains declined significantly under heat stress at different stages after anthesis. The order of the treatments were CK T1 T2 T3 after anthesis,but the amounts of amylase showed the opposite trend. High temperature can brought large influence to rice yield and starch formation compared with the field trial,and different cultivated variety had different effect. High temperature on the heading stage could affect activities of enzymes related to starch synthesis of SSS,SS,AGpase and GBSS etc,this series of enzyme rose at first, reached the peak at different times,so it brought great influence on grain yield.

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Effects of Low Temperature on Physiological Indexes of Rice PTGMS Lines at the Fertility Sensitive Stage

BAI Bin, WU Jun, ZHUANG Wen, YAO Dong-ping, LI Ying-ge, DENG Qi-yun

2015, 30(3): 98-104. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.03.018

Abstract (512) PDF (635) RichHTML

Using five photo thermo sensitive genic male sterile(PTGMS) lines widely used in the production as experimental materials,a growth chamber experiment was conducted to analysis physiological characteristics of these lines and ascertain the intrinsic physiological index of the cold-tolerant lines under the effects of low temperature stress of different duration.The 17.5 ℃,10 d treated plants as cold treated materials,the 21 ℃,10 d fertile treated plants as control materials,the physiological indexes were investigated in the stage of the fifth,the tenth day of treatment and the fifth day of transplanting to field,respectively.The results showed that in the early days of cold treated stage,comparing the cold-sensitive sterile lines,the SPAD values of cold-tolerant lines had no significant chang,SOD,POD activity had slight enhancement,MDA and relative conductivity values increased slightly.But after a long time of cold treatment,SPAD,Pn,Tr,SOD,POD values of cold-tolerant lines decreased gradually,MDA and relative conductivity values increased gradually,but these changes were lower than those of cold-sensitive lines.

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Genotypic Identification of the S-c Locus in the Indica-compatible Japonica Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

DING Xiao-hua, ZHANG Ze-min, ZENG Rui-zhen, ZHANG Gui-quan

2007, 22(4): 5-8. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2007.04.002

Abstract (510) PDF (301) RichHTML

S-c is one of the F1 pollen sterility loci between indica and japonica cultivars in rice. The genotype of Taichong 65 (T65) and Guangluai 4 (GLA 4) at the locus is S^j/S^j and Sⁱ/Sⁱ, respectively. Four indica-compatible japonica lines (ICJLs), G24163, G2417-2-1, G2605 and G3004-4 were crossed with testers, T65 and GLA 4, and their S-c locus genotypes were identified. The segregation of PCR-based molecular markers linked tightly with S-c locus and plant pollen fertility in several F2 populations showed that G2416-3 possessed S^i-2/S^i-2 genotype; G2605 and G3004-4 possessed S^i-1/S^i-1 genotype; while G2417-2-1 possessed Sⁿ/Sⁿ genotype. The test methods on genetic differentiation of the F1 pollen sterility loci were also discussed in this paper.

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Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Height and Tillers of Oryza rufipogon Griff.Dwarf Mutant and Genetic Analysis of Major Quantitative Locus

WANG Lan, LI Zhi, ZHENG Xing-mei, CAI Ying-qin, LUO Min, NIE Yi-yong

2014, 29(5): 5-9. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2014.05.002

Abstract (510) PDF (192) RichHTML

In order to exploit and isolate more genes controlling plant height and effective tillers,and applies these genes into breeding practice.In this paper,an F₂ isolated population was constructed derived from a cross between a multi-tillering dwarf wild rice mutant and minor-tillering tall Nantehao variety;plant height and effective tillers of the F₂ population were investigated and their genotypes were tested,and QTLs linkage genetic analysis was conducted by using IciMapping V3.0 soft.Plant height and effective tillers of the two parents were all quantitative traits controlled by multi-genes and had obvious positive relation.194 pairs of molecular markers were identified to have polymorphism between the parents by screening 345 pairs of molecular markers even distributing on 12 chromosomes in rice and the polymorphic ratio was of 56.23%.In the F₂ population,33 height QTLs and 19 tillers QTLs were obtained using linkage analysis of 122 pairs of molecular markers. One major QTL controlling height was identified and located in the interval markers of RM302 and RM104 on chromosome 1.The major QTL explained 71.72% phenotypic variation.In our studies,a major QTL controlling plant height was obtained which was closely linkage with molecular markers of RM302 and RM104.It had very strong dwarfed ability.Our results would provide a theoretical basis for cloning dwarf genes and molecular breeding of constructing ideal plant shape.

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Primarily Study of the Effects of Nanometer Carbon Fertilizer Synergist on the Late Rice

QIAN Yin-fei, SHAO Cai-hong, QIU Cai-fei, CHEN Xian-mao, LI Si-liang, ZUO Wei-dong, PENG Chun-rui

2010, 25(S2): 249-253. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2010.S2.054

Abstract (510) PDF (332) RichHTML

Baidu(6)

"In the south double season rice area,compared with the none fertilizers application and the same nitrogen application fertilizers not add the nanometer carbon fertilizer sybergist,we took super late rice Feng yuan you 299 as the experiment material,the effect of the nanometer carbon fertilizer synergist on the rice growth,yield formation and characteristics of nitrogen uptake and utilization were studied.under the different nano-meter urea application rate.The result showed that,the nanometer carbon fertilizer synergist can coordinately increase the number of ears,number of the glume flower per ear,the fertility as well as the 1 000-seeds weight and therefore increase the rice yield.Simultaneously the nanometer carbon fertilizer synergist can slow down the fertilizer release rate,reduces the fertilizer outflow,proposes the rice leaf area index,enhances the dry matter accumulation after tillering stage and enhance nitrogen uptake and utilization ability. "

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Aluminum Tolerance Identification and QTL Mapping in Oryza ru fipogon Indigenous to Gaozhou

Chu Shaowei, Wang Lin, Liu Guifu, Liu Xiangdong, Lu Yonggen, Fu Xuelin

2013, 28(3): 12-18. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2013.03.003

Abstract (509) PDF (362) RichHTML

In this study ,the tolerance to aluminum of eight accessions of 0. rufipogou indigenous to Gaozhou was identified by culturing in simple CaCI₂solution,and some important agronomic traits of rice plants cultured in pot soils with low pH or adding A1 were investigated , Al-olerance related QTLs were also mapped primarily by using the advanced backcross population BC₃F₃ between Huajingxian 74 and accessions of 0. rufipogou indigenous to Gaozhou. The results were as follow. After seedling roots of 0. rufipogon were treated in 0.5 mmol/L CaCl₂ solution with 50 μ mol/L A³⁺(pH=4.5) for 24 h , the relative root elongation(RRE) of eight accessions were all higher than 0.5.Meanwhile，RRE of the regenerative roots from tillerings of the four out of the eight accessions also higher than 0.5 .It is considered that the experimental accessions of 0. rufipgogon were A1 tolerant.Investigation of plant traits in the pot soil cultured experiments showed that the rice plant height was obviously affected by A1 stress ,also as seed setting rate and 1000 rain weight. Four QTLs related to Al-olerance were mapped in BC₃₊F₃₊ population by the method of MCIM. Hereinto，qRRE-6-2and qRRE-7-2，which were mapped in BC₃₊ F₃₊ population derived from Huajingxian 74 x GZW003，qRRE-4and qRRE-2-2，which were mapped in BC3F3 population derived from Huajingxian 74 x GZW006 and Huajingxian 74 x GZW087，respectively. These four QTL_s explained 18. 33%，9. 18%，19. 02% and 24. 88% of the phenotypic variance，respectively. Except of qRRE-6-2，the favorable alleles of the other three QTL_s were all derived from the donor parent 0.rufipogon.

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The Effects of Starch-synthesizing Genes on Rice Quality

CHEN Feng, SUN Gong-chen, YANG Ze-feng, ZHANG Shi-yong, ZHANG Hong-rui, YANG Ya-chun, YUAN Shou-jiang, ZHANG Zheng-qiu

2009, 24(2): 55-59. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2009.02.012

Abstract (508) PDF (711) RichHTML

Baidu(4)

Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS),Starch branching enzyme 1 (SBE1) and Starch branching enzyme 3(SBE3) are three major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in rice endosperm. The granule-bound starch synthase was encoded by the Wx gene,and the starch branching enzymes were encoded by the Sbe1 and Sbe3 gene.And molecular markers for Sbe1,Sbe3 developed based on sequence diversities between the rice subspecies indica and japonica,together with PCR2AccⅠmarker for Wx gene were used to investigate the genotypes of 183 rice cultivars.The result showed that the developed molecular markers for Wx,Sbe1,Sbe3 could distinguish indica or japonica alleles at three loci.Among all the 183 rice cultivars,eight genotype combinations were observed at Sbe1,Sbe3 and Wx loci. In order to explore the genetic effects of three genes,ANOVA and multiple comparison analysis were conducted. The results showed that rice cultivars with different genotypes exhibited different phenotypes,including amylose content,gel consistency and some of RVA characteristics,and the significant differences were observed. And the genetic effects of indica and japonica alleles at three gene loci were different,Wx gene had significant effects on mainly rice quality traits,followed by Sbe3 and Sbe1. The genetic effects of Sbe1 and Sbe3 in different backgrounds (Wxa, Wxb)were different. Interactions existed among Wx, Sbe1, Sbe3,Interaction was generally detected between Wx and Sbe3.

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Construction of HPV45-L1 and HPV58-L1 Plant Expression Vectors and Identification of Transgenic Rice Plants

WANG Jucai, LIU Yunchao, CHEN Yumei, MENG Fengli, WANG Aiping, ZHANG Erqin, XU Qianru, DENG Ruiguang, ZHANG Gaiping

2017, 32(2): 55-60. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2017.02.009

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The rice seeds were used as the cell bioreactor to construct the recombinant plant expression vector containing HPV45-L1 and HPV58-L1 genes to provide a new efficient and inexpensive method for HPV45-L1 and HPV58-L1 protein expression.The HPV45-L1 and HPV58-L1 coding sequence (ORF)was amplified by PCR and then subcloned into middle vector pMP3 and plant expression vector pCAMBIA-1300 to construct the rice endosperm-specific expression vector pCAMBIA-1300-pMP3-HPV45-L1 and pCAMBIA-1300-pMP3-HPV58-L1.Subsequently,the transgenic rice plants containing HPV-L1 ORF gene were obtained by agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of rice callus.The PCR test showed that the HPV45-L1 and HPV58-L1 genes had integrated into the rice genome,suggesting the successful construction of rice endosperm specific expression vectors.

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