Watermelon

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Genome-wide Identification and Expression Analysis of SHMT Gene Family in Watermelon

SU Chaijing, ZHANG Weihua, SONG Jiaxin, LI Mingxuan, DENG Man, CHI Ming, WU Ying

2024, 39(6): 47-54. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.20195203

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Serine hydroxymethyltransferase(SHMT),as an important enzyme involved in basic metabolism,plays an important role in plant cell metabolism,photorespiration and defense activities.To understand the bioinformatics function of the SHMT gene family in watermelon,explore its gene expression characteristics under abiotic stress,and provide a basis for the functional development of watermelon SHMT and the breeding of watermelon stress-resistance genes.Bioinformatics methods were used to identify SHMT family,and RT-qPCR was used to analyze the expression patterns of ClSHMTs in different tissues and abiotic stresses.The results showed that 8 ClSHMTs gene family members were identified in the whole genome of watermelon,which were unevenly distributed on 6 chromosomes and named ClSHMT1—ClSHMT8 in turn.There were some differences in the physical and chemical properties of each gene family member,such as the number of amino acids,molecular weight,isoelectric point.The protein contained 471—585 amino acids,with molecular weight of 51.87—65.00 ku and isoelectric point of 6.57—8.52,all of which were hydrophilic proteins.The subcellular localization prediction was mainly distributed on mitochondria.Gene structure and protein conserved motifs analysis showed that the ClSHMTs structure consisted of 4—15 exons and 3—14 introns,and all ClSHMTs contained conserved SHMT domains.Furtherly,phylogenetic analysis with 6 species such as cucumber and wheat showed that 50 SHMTs were divided into 3 sub-families,Group Ⅰ—Ⅲ.Promoter of ClSHMTs contained cis-acting elements related to light response,plant hormone response and stress response.The expression pattern analysis showed that 6 ClSHMTs were expressed in different tissues of watermelon,and the expression levels of ClSHMT1,ClSHMT4,ClSHMT5,ClSHMT8 in leaves were significantly higher than those in other tissues.Under low temperature,drought and salt stress,the expression abundance of ClSHMTs varies,but the expression was mainly up-regulated.In conclusion,this study systematically analyzed the SHMT gene family in watermelon,and will provide a reference for the further study of the biological functions of ClSHMTs.

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Detection of Viruses Infecting Cucurbit Vegetables in Shandong and Identification of Subgroup of the Cucumber mosaic virus Isolates

SUN Xiaohui, WANG Shusen, GAO Lili, QIAO Ning, LIU Yongguang, ZHAO Jing, ZHU Xiaoping

2016, 31(2): 211-217. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2016.02.034

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In order to detect and identify the viral causing agent that infecting cucurbit vegetable plants in Shandong, 867 cucurbit plant samples of suspected viral diseases from 11 vegetable planting areas in Shandong were collected during July to August, 2014.9 primer pairs specific to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV), Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV), Prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (PNRSV) and Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) were used respectively to perform PCR detection.The results showed that viruses carried rate was 34.8%, 10.4%, 20.0%, 41.7%, 27.0%, 7.8%, 2.6%, 1.7%, 0 and 0.9% respectively.The natural infection of these viral diseases except PNRSV in Shandong was confirmed, and the incidence of CMV and TMV were higher than others.Two or more than two viruses mixed infections were also very common in field.At the same time, those CMV positive samples from 11 regions were selected for subgroup classification.Coat protein(CP) gene and the whole RNA3 nucleotide sequences were determined.Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses were performed.The results showed that the CMV isolates of cucurbit vegetables in Shandong area were all members of CMV subgroup IB with the highest similarity to a South Korea isolate As(AF013291), no other strains were found.

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Identification of Bacillus sp. Pb-4 and Its Unitilization for Antimicrobial Activity

GUO Jun, WU Ailian, YAN Min, LI Wei, CHI Xiurong, DING Yuchuan, JIAO Xiaoyan

2016, 31(2): 224-230. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2016.02.036

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A bacillus strain, named as Pb-4, which showed significant antagonistic activity against to many plant pathogenic fungi.The study was in order to determine the taxonomic status and antimicrobial mechanism of Pb-4.The strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on its morphological and physiological properties and its 16S rRNA sequence.The antibacterial activity was characterized by plate two-way cultivation.Antibacterial compound from the identified strain was separated and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, diethyl ether and benzene abstract.Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was isolated that not only has antibacterial activity against F.oxysporum tomato, F.oxysporum cucumber, F.oxysporum watermelon and F.oxysporum green pepper;but also against Phytophthora capsici Leonian and Valsa ceratosperma.The bacteria liquid of the Pb-4 strain showed that strong antifungal activity against spore germination and hyphal growth of tomato wilt pathogen.The bacteria fluid to fusarium wilt diseases of tomato inhibition of growth rate was 93%. The antimicrobial activity of 100, 121℃ high temperature treatment of untreated bacteria liquid of 98.9% and 80.1%.From the bacteria liquid extract of proteins, enzymes, and antibiotic active substances, had strong growth inhibition effect for Fusarium oxysporum.The results can provide a strong theoretical basis for the wide application of Pb-4 in the prevention and control of agricultural pathogenic bacteria.

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Cloning and Sequencing of rDNA ITS Regions in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.benincasae

WANG Cui-xia,XU Jin-ru,XI Yu-lin,BAI Xue-fei,WEN Xiao-lie,DUAN Hui-jun

2010, 25(1): 80-83. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2010.01.015

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The internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of the rDNA from Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.Benincasae were amplified with the polymerase chain reaction through the universal primers and sequenced,meanwhile the ITS of different formae specialis of Fusarium oxysporum for the host to Cucurbitaceae were clustered.The total length of ITS in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.benincasae was 1 063 bp,including partial 18S rDNA,5.8S rDNA,ITS1,ITS2 and partial 28S rDNA.Cluster results showed that 15 isolates were classified into two groups.Group I included 2 Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum and 2 Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.melonis.Group I included 11 isolates,among them Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. benincasae belonged to the group,the others were 5 Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.melonis,3 Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum,1 Fusarium oxysporum f.p.cucumerinum,1 Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.luffae and 1 Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.Lagenariae,respectively.

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Genetic and Correlation Analysis of Watermelon Main Fruit Characters

SHANG Jian-li, LÜ Pin, WANG Ji-ming, MA Shuang-wu

2015, 30(S1): 87-91. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.S1.016

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The aim of this study was to clarify the genetic and correlation analysis of watermelon main fruit characters,such as fruit shape and flesh colour.The genetic population was developed with B132-8 as maternal plant crossed with B133-4 as paternal plant,we selected 92 F₂.With standard collection,data of fruit shape,fruit ratio,over color pattern of fruit surface,flesh colour,flesh lycopene content,ground colour of seed surface and 1000-seed-weight were collected and statistically analyzed with SPSS 17.0.The results showed that the hereditary feature of qualitative character was manifested by fruit shape,flesh colour and ground color of seed surface.However,the segregation ratio of F₂ wasn't in accordance with Mendelian genetic segregation law,it was only 1 : 3 : 1.There existed qualitative character inheritance in over color pattern of fruit surface and 1 000-seed-weight and dominant inheritance in rack and small seeds.Hereditary feature of quantitative character was manifested by fruit ratio and flesh lycopene content with normal distribution in F₂.The result of correlation showed that fruit shape had highly significant positive correlation with fruit ratio.Flesh color had significant correlation with fruit shape and fruit ratio.

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Screening,Identification and Activity Analysis of Antagonistic Bacteria Against Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon from Chrysanthemum coronarium rhizosphere

KANG Jinlei, HAN Xu, ZHANG Shiqi, WANG Bingqing, YANG Wenjie

2016, 31(S1): 447-452. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2016.S1.076

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To investigate the roles and effects of Chrysanthemum coronarium in disease controlling on watermelon wilt induced by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.Niveum (FON).An antagonistic bacterium was isolated from root exudate of Chrysanthemum coronarium rhizosphere.This antagonistic bacterium exhibited significantly ability to watermelon wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum (FON) based on the plate confrontation experiment.The TK-3 bacterial strains could antagonize Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum (FON).In a pot-test, Fusarium wilt of watermelon were reduced by TK-3 strain treated in watermelon were 48.7% of control in 30 days.The results of morphological,physiological and biochemical characterization,and 16S rDNA-based molecular identification showed that the isolated antagonistic bacterium was Bacillus amylolique-faciens.Production of antibacterial metabolites experiments showed strain TK-3 had the ability of IAA production,siderophore production,NH₃ production,proteolytic activity and phosphate solubilization,but could not produce HCN.Results indicated that strain TK-3 had a great potential on bio-control application.

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Establishment and Optimization of Two-dimensional Electrophoresis System of Watermelon Root

ZHANG Man, YANG Xing-ping, XU Jin-hua, LIU Guang, YAO Xie-feng, LI Ping-fang

2015, 30(S1): 51-54. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.S1.009

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An efficient and suitable two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) system for proteomic analysis of watermelon roots was established by optimizing the isoelectric focusing conditions,sample loading,the pH gradient of IPG strips and staining methods.Results showed that the optimized system for watermelon roots were as following steps:total protein of watermelon roots was extracted by TCA/acetone precipitation,lysis Buffer contained 7 mol/L Urea,2 mol/L Thouirea,4% CHAPS(m/V),1% Cocktail(V/V),65 mmol/L DTT and 2% pH 4-7 IPG Buffer,13 cm pH 4-7 IPG strips was used to separate the proteins,loading protein samples was 800 μg,IEF condition was 48 000 Vh,12.5% gel concentration and followed by staining with colloidal Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250.

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Gene Mining and Sequence Analysis of Plant Defensins in CitRullus lanatus

ZHANG Man, YANG Xing-ping, XU Jin-hua, LIU Guang, YAO Xie-feng, LI Ping-fang

2013, 28(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2013.01.001

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To claRify the stRuctuRe and functional chaRacteRization of defensin genes in wateRmelon， this woRk adopted the bioinfoRmatics methods to analyze the wateRmelon defensin gene family and sequence chaRacteRistics in detail based the fully sequenced wateRmelon genome． The Results showed that a family of 7 wateRmelon defensin ( ClPDF) genes was discoveRed by genome sequence analysis in wateRmelon． Alignment of ClPDFs showed the pResence of highly conseRved eight cysteines，a glycine Residue，a seRine and an aRomatic Residue． Phylogenetic analysis Revealed that ClPDFs belonged to ARabidopsis PDF2 gene clusteR． ClPDFs pRoteins weRe found vaRies in stRuctuRes． SecondaRy stRuctuRe assay showed that Random coil is the main composition，wheReas the peRcent of extended stRand and alpha helix has some diffeRences． SignalP analysis Result paRallels with that of TMHMM，namely，except foR otheR six genes，only one gene without signal peptide and one gene has the tRansmembRane segment． This woRk pRoved that defensin genes weRe multiple gene family in wateRmelon genome，and all the wateRmelon defensin genes contained the highly conseRved domain but exhibited significant diffeRences in stRuctuRe chaRacteRistics among wateRmelon defenses， This woRk will pRovide foundation foR the identification of biological functions of wateRmelon difensins．

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KASP Assays of Disease Resistance Genes from 130 Watermelon Varieties and Germplasms in Hebei Province

ZHANG Jingjing, ZHANG Haiying, PAN Xiuqing, XU Yong, REN Yi, GAO Xiurui, LI Bing, SHI Yufan, DANG Jige, YANG Mingzhu, WU Yanrong

2019, 34(2): 110-116. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.201751582

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This study aimed to screen the watermelon varieties and germplasms resistant to fusarium wilt, anthracnose and powdery mildew in Hebei Province, and analyze the related resistance genes, which could provide a reference for breeding disease-resistant varieties. The modified CTAB method was used to extract the DNA from watermelon bud, and the DNA concentration was determined by Ultramicro spectrophotometer. After the DNA was diluted to 2-10 ng/μL, they were detected by KASP. The molecular markers of resistance to fusarium wilt, anthracnose and powdery mildew of watermelon were developed by XU Yong's team. The resistant genes related to fusarium wilt, anthracnose and powdery mildew of watermelon were identified by high-throughput KASP markers. Totally 130 watermelon materials were tested, including varieties or advantaging combinations (Xingyan No.7, Meijia, Meisheng, Guifei, 17-11 and so on) that have been approved or will be approved in Hebei Province in recent years, and some excellent germplasms (Huazaolü,JB-1,JB-3,901xin and so on). 3Kang302 was used as the disease-resistant control and GBZG as the susceptible control. The result showed that 33 materials contained fusarium wilt resistance gene Fon-1, 19 contained anthracnose resistance gene AR1, 7 contained powdery mildew resistance gene PM1, 5 contained Fon-1 and AR1, 1 contained AR1 and PM1, and 1 contained all three resistance genes(Fon-1, AR1 and PM1). According to the result of KASP, the materials were clustered, and divided into 4 categories:12 materials resistant to powdery mildew without detection signal or with heterozygous resistance, 67 resistant to powdery mildew or susceptible to at least two diseases, 38 resistant to fusarium wilt or anthracnose, and 13 resistant to fusarium wilt or anthracnose or powdery mildew without detection signal or with heterozygous resistance.

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Effects of Foliar Application of Se on Cd and Pb Accumulation in the Leaves and Fruits of Watermelon ZHANG Cui-cui1，CHANG Jie-tian1，ZHAO Peng2

Zhang Cuicui, Chang Jietian, Zhao Peng

2013, 28(3): 159-163. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2013.03.028

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Taking watermelon variety Jingxin NO． 1 as the test material and spraying water as the control，0.5，1.0，2.0，4.0，8.0 mg/L Na₂SeO₃were sprayed on the watermelon leaves respectively，and Se，Cd and Pb content in leaves and fruits of watermelon were dynamically monitored so as to study the effect of foliar application of Se on Cd and Pb accumulation and theirs' metabolism in plants，as well Se's role in alleviating Cd and Pb toxcity． The results showed that: foliar application of Na2SeO3 could mostly promote watermelon's Se absorption at fruit-set period，and 4.0 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L Na₂SeO₃could obviously inhibit Cd's and Pb's accumulation in watermelon respectively;2.0 - 4.0 mg /L Na₂SeO₃ could effectively inhibit MDA's accumulation and 1.0 - 8.0 mg /L could promote Se's accumulation( P ＜ 0.01) ; the concentration order of Na₂SeO₃'s effect on inhibiting Cd's accumulation in watermelon was: 4.0 mg/L ＞2.0 mg/L ＞1.0 mg/L ＞0.5 mg/L ＞ 8.0 mg/L ＞ the control， and Pb's accumulation: 2.0 mg /L ＞1.0 mg/L ＞0.5 m /L ＞4.0 mg/L ＞8.0 mg/L ＞ the control． Therefore， foliar application of Se was an effective way to supplement watermelon's Se content，and 2.0 - 4.0 mg/L Na₂SeO₃ could increase watermelon's Se content and inhibit the accumulation of Cd and Pb as well．

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Effects of Different Concentration of Burdock Oligosaccharide on Growth and Resistance to Fusarium wilts in Watermelon

ZHANG Yufeng, DONG Liang, SONG Xiaozong, WANG Jiangtao, GUO Honghai, LUO Jiafa

2016, 31(S1): 340-344. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2016.S1.057

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Pot experiment was used to study the effects of Burdock oligosaccharide on the growth,disease index and physiological index in watermelons. In order to ascertain the appropriate concentration of Burdock oligosaccharide inducing the resistance to Fusarium wilts in watermelon. The results suggested that after treated with Burdock oligosaccharide of concentration from 5 to 50 mg/L,the watermelon disease index decreased by the efficacy 22.48%. The fresh weight of per seeding,seeding height,CAT activity,POD activity and SOD activity increased by 4.83%-53.10%,0.14%-22.81%,9.89%-32.62%,24.69%-59.77%,6.19%-12.61% respectively. MDA content and O₂^· generation rate decreased by 2.63%-23.53% and 7.11%-18.53% after treated with Burdock oligosaccharide at the concentration range from 5 to 30 mg/L. But MDA content and O₂^· generation rate increased by 3.79% and 5.10% when the concentration of Burdock oligosaccharide was 50 mg/L. Comprehend all the data above,the appropriate concentration of Burdock oligosaccharide applied to watermelon was 20-30 mg/L.

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Studies on RAPD Markers Linked to Yellow Peel of Watermelon Fruit

WANG Ri-sheng, LI Li-zhi, FANG Feng-xue, GUO Wen-feng, LI Yangrui

2007, 22(S2): 107-109. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2007.S2.027

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In order to develop rapidly superior yellow peel of watermelon fruit,the individual plant was created in the isolated population of BC₁ using watermelon with black peel fruit(H97) as femal parent and one with yellow as male parent(2605).The molecular markers linked to the yellow peel trait were isolated from the preceding plants of BC₁ with RAPD technology in combination with BSA method.The result showed that a marker of AI09-1500 was obtained,and the cross-over value was 17.2%.

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Study on Relationship between Physiological Changes and Chilling Tolerance in Seed-used Watermelon Seedling under Low-temperature Stress

YANG Yan, WANG Ping, ZHAO Qing-yan, ZHANG Yan

2012, 27(3): 156-160. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2012.03.030

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The effects of 10℃ low temperature treatment on chilling tolerance，photosynthesis characteristics?and protective system against active oxygen of 3 leaf stage seedlings of two seed-used watermelon varieties，one is?black (wb10)，the other is red (wb7)，were investigated under low temperature stress. The research aim at supply?theory basis for introduction and cultivation，improving Chilling tolerance of seed-used watermelon. The results?showed that compared with control，chlorophyll content，the photosynthetic rate(Pn)，stomatal conductance(Gs)and?intercellular CO2concentration(Ci)，transpiration rate(Tr) were declined with the time extension of low temperature?treatment，the leakage of electrolytes，the content of proline and the content of MDA were increased in all the four?varieties. There was a considerable difference of chilling tolerance among different varieties;Chilling tolerance from?being strong to weak is wb10 ＞ wb7，seedlings of variety wb10 and wb7 with stronger chilling tolerance had lower electrolytic leakage (%)，lower MDA content，higher proline content in leaves than those of variety wb10 and wb7?with weaker chilling tolerance. Therefore，chilling tolerance may be related to chilling injury index、photosynthesis?characteristics and membrane stability in the plants.

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Phenolic Acids in Decomposing Residuces of Watermelon

Lü Wei-guang, YANG Guang-chao, LIU Ling, ZHANG Chun-lan, SHEN Qi-rong, LI Shuang-xi, ZHENG Xian-qing

https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2012.z1.031

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Variation of phenolic acids during decomposition of residuces of watermelon was studied by means ofmoist and aerobic cultivation． The results showed that watermelon residues of root， stem and leaf contained somekinds of phenolic acids such as p-coumaric， vanillic， ferulicacid． The contents of p-coumaric acid in root and stemwere the highest， and followed by that of ferulic acid． The content of p-coumaric acid in leaf was the highest， followed by that of cinnamic acid． The total phenolic acids contents are in a decreasing order， leaf， stem and root． Thetotal phenolic acids contained in the root and stem reached the maximum after 30 days of decomposition， while theleaf in 20 － 30 days． The total phenolic acids contents reached a stable and minimum state after 40 － 50 days．

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A Primary Study on the Infections of Watermelon and Cucumber Seedlings by Isolate 8601 of Cotton Fusarium under Artificial Inoculation

Luo Xicheng, Gu Tiesheng, Shi Linqi

1989, 4(S1): 159-162. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.1989.z1.028

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Strain 8601 of cotton Fusarium has been isolated from cotton plants with fusarium wilt in field. Young roots of watermelon and cucumber are respectively inoculated with the wilt isolate after its purification.After their emergence from sterilized soil, the seedlings show typical symptoms of wilt. Their cotyledons become yellow, plants dwarfish and vascular bundles brown. Heavily infected plants wither and isolates can be found in plants making a symptomless showing Fusarium which can infect cotton seedlings by artificial inoculation can be isolated from roots and stems of infected watermelon and cucumber plants.The results suggest that the strain of cotton fusarium may infect seedlings of watermelon and cucumber. This discovery may be of great significance to the production of watermelon and cucumber.

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Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction Amount on Watermelon Yield and Quality under Canopy Cultivation

YAO Chun-xia, CHEN Zhen-lou, QIU Qin, HUANG Yi-hong, YIN Jun, ZHANG Jia-xun, LI Chun-hua, MAO Guo-fang

2005, 20(2): 76-79. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2005.02.020

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To study the effect of chemical fertilizer reduction and salinization on watermelon output and quality, correlation experiment was done in 5 years canopy with 3 years of watermelon monoculture in Tangzhen agriculture demonstration base in Pudong zone of Shanghai city.The results showed that applying more organic fertilizer and less chemical fertilizer was feasible.Applying enough basic fertilizer and no chemical fertilizer in fruit growth period combined with water replacing fertilizer was also feasible.Watermelon quantity on individual plant, weight of individual fruit, yield and center sugar concentration on the reduction treatment area were better than that of routine area.All thess showed the Ndosage could be reduced greatly.

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Study on the Construction of Core Collection in Mini-watermelon

LIU Zi-ji, ZHU Jie, DANG Xuan-min, ZHAN Yuan-feng

2015, 30(S1): 61-65. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.S1.011

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Abundant genetic resources could provide broad genetic foundation for plant breeding and genetic research.However,the drastic increase of genetic resources in recent years brought great difficulties for the preservation and utilization of germplasm.The construction of core collection has facilitated the research and utilization of genetic resources.410 mini-watermelon germplasm were used to construct core collection based on 6 fruit traits.The genotypic values were predicted by mixed linear model.The genetic distances among germplasm were calculated based on genotypic values.The unweighted pair-group average method was used for clustering analysis.The core collections of mini-watermelon were constructed with 20% sampling proportion.The genetic variations among core collections were evaluated through comparing mean,variance,range and coefficient of variation.The results showed that the Mahalanobis distance and deviation sampling were better than the Euclidean distance and preferred sampling,respectively.82 core resources acquired based on the Mahalanobis distance and deviation sampling could preserve the genetic diversity of the initial collection,which could provide important theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of mini-watermelon germplasm.

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The Study on the Cultivation Technique Model for Interplanting Gourd with Oilsunflower in Hetao Irrigable Region

YANG Wun-yao, ZHANG Xiong, XUAN Ji-chun, ZHANG Jian-zhong

2004, 19(S1): 141-143. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2004.z1.032

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According to different cultivation model of flatten culture and furrow drilling in raising gourd,the yield and output value of interplanting gourd with oilsunflower were analysed.The furrow drilling cultivtion technique model was put forward to be a positive method to incrase output value per unit area,and this method must be applied on a large area.

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Effect of Assessing the Feasibility of Using Physiological and Biochemical Parameters to Assess Thymol for Watermelon Seeds to Improve Germination Characteristic

XUE Yan-feng, LI Min, CHEN Jian, ZHANG Meng, SHI Zhi-qi

2015, 30(S1): 235-240. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.S1.042

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The seeds and seedlings of watermelon were handled by the various concentrations of thymol in order to assess the safety of germination and growth thymol on watermelon seed.There will be provide the theoretical basis for the product used to prevent the watermelon wilt disease.The results showed that the changes of germination energy,germination percentage,germination index and vigor index were no significant difference less than 300 mg/L thymol concentration,whereas it markedly decreased with the rising of the thymol concentration.The effects of thymol on the growth and chlorophyll content were same to the germination.When the thymol concentration was less than 300 mg/L,the growth and chlorophyll content were no significant difference compared with the control (except for the fresh weight).Under the treatment of thymol soaked seeds the root activity gradually reduced with the increase of thymol concentration.The root activity significantly increased compared to the control in 100 mg/L thymol concentration.In 200 mg/L thymol concentration the root activity was higher than the control,whereas there was no significant difference compared to the control.The root activity decreased with the rising of the thymol concentration.The SOD activity significantly increased less than 300 mg/L thymol concentration,whereas it markedly decreased with the rising of the thymol concentration.The POD activity had the same trend as the CAT activity.In 100,200 mg/L thymol concentration the POD and CAT activities were higher than the control,whereas there was no significant difference compared to the control.From the correlations analysis of seed germination parameters and physiological and biochemical indexes with the thymol concentrations knew that it was a negative correlation relationship between seed germination parameters and physiological and biochemical indexes with the higher thymol concentration.All the results showed that the germination and growth were not affected less than 300 mg/L thymol concentration being used to prevent the watermelon wilt disease.

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Identfication and Inheritance of Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Watermelon

XU Xiang-li, GONG Guo-yi, GUO Shao-gui, XU Yong, LU Xiang-yang, PENG Zhen-xing, ZHANG Hai-ying

2008, 23(4): 37-40. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2008.04.009

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The cross of watermelon PI482246,which is resistant to powdery mildew disease, and Zhongxin 1,which is susceptible to powdery mildew disease, were used to construct F₂, BC_1.1 and BC_1.2progeny populations?The inheritance of resistancewas analyzed with Podosphaera xanthii race-France purified and identified from a collection of powdery mildew using spore spraying method in greenhouse. The results of cross tests indicated that the resistance carried by PI482246 to powdery mildew race-France was controlled by a single recessive gene and the resistance was incomplete recessive.

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Research on Genotype in Fruit Cracking of Watermelon

JIANGHai-kun, YUANXi-han, ZHANGZhen, SUXiao-jun, XUHai, SONGBo, CHENLong-zheng, ANLin-hai, SHANQi-wei, ZHANGQi-an

https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2009.S1.027

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Resistance to fruit cracking in the 14 gene -types watermelon was evaluated under opening and protected conditions.Grades, symptoms characters and rating of fruit -cracking in watermelon are drawn up.13 (92.86 %)of them crack under two conditions.According to the comprehensive evaluation,the variance of the susceptibility indices were significant in opening field (F =5.783＊＊,F0.01 =1.90,df =13)and protected field (F =10.721 8＊＊,F0.01 = 1.90,df =13).The correlation coefficients of susceptibility indices in both conditions were significant (r =0.937＊＊,r0.01 =0.661 4,df =13).x -101 has the immunity to fruit -cracking with good quality,and can be potentially used in the breeding program as the resistant parents to the f ruit -cracking.

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Relationship Between Germination and Growth of Pollens of Autotetraploid Watermelon and Endogenous Hormones

TAN Suying, HUANG Zhenguang, LIANG Yi, LIU Wenge, HUANG Xiuqiang

2000, 15(4): 73-78. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2000.04.015

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By the research of in-vitro culture of pollens, and by the germination and growth of pollens on the styles, the results were that: 1. The germination ratio of pollen of autotetraploid watermelon was low by self-pollination;2. The growth of the pollen tubes in styles was slow;3. During the germination and growth of pollens, there were some abnormal phenomenon: the blinding of pollen tubes, the swelling as balls at the topes of pollen tubes, and two-tube from one pollen. By the determinations of endogenous hormones, the reasons of above abnormal phenomenon were explained as: 1. The content of zeatin-nucleoside in the female organs and pollens of autotetraploid watermelon was too high;2. The ratio of auxins (IAA and GA3) to growth inhibitor(ABA)was low;3. The results also affected by the reaction between pollens and styles.

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Studies of Watermelon Genetic Diversity Using SRAP and EST-SSR

ZHAO Sheng-jie, LIU Wen-ge, YAN Zhi-hong, HE Nan, BAO Wen-feng

2010, 25(3): 76-79. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2010.03.018

Abstract (354) PDF (321) RichHTML

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The genetic diversities were studied using 30 SRAP primer pairs in 9 cultivated watermelon lines,3 American lines,6 African wild lines.The results implied that the polymorphic percentage between cultivated lines and wild lines was 92.11%, the polymorphic percentage in wild lines was 34.11%, and in cultivated lines was 21.05%.The bands of American lines were mostly the same as cultivated lines＇and some specific bands were amplied.The results showed that SRAP and EST-SSR were highly effective and feasible on watermelon studying．

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An Analysis on Isozyme and Soluble Protein in Watermelon

Cao Wanhong, Zhao Yanru

1994, 9(2): 64-71. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.1994.02.013

Abstract (354) PDF (120) RichHTML

Certain isozyme systems and soluble proteins were analyzed for Jinghn 1 hybrid and its parent plants.The results showed that peroxidase,esterase and soluble proteins changed with the growing stages and nutrition status during seed germination.However there were no differences between the hybrid and its parents in the isoenzymes of peroxidase,esterase,catalase and amylase in the same germination period,and no differences were found in the soluble protein maps of the hybrid and its maternal parent.Analyses on 6 cultivars of watermelon, African watermelon and gourd indicated that African watermelon and gourd were obviously different to the 6 cultivars of watermelon on the maps of peroaldase and esterase.Among 6 cultivars of watermelon some differences were found in peroxidase isozyme,while no significant differences were found in esterase isozyme.Peroxidase isozyme can be used in the identification of some cultivars of watermelon.

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Analysis of EST-SSR Information Related to Fusarium Wilt Resiatance in Watermelon

FENG Jian ming,, GUo Shao gui, LU Gui yun, CHEN Nian lai, ZHANG Hai ying, GoNG Guo yi, XU Yong

2009, 24(3): 87-91. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2009.03.019

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Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were investigated in the unigene sequences from suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH) cDNA library which constructed with watermelon root induced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 1.A total of 1487 unigene sequences corresponding to 795 kb were searched,resulting in the identification of 2 136 SSRs. The estimated frequency of SSRs was approximtely 53. 4 %,and the overall average length of SSRs was 19. 59 bp, the average distance of distribution were 1/ 0. 36 kb. The di2 and tri2nucleotide repeats appeared to be the most abundant SSRs,accounting for 98. 08 % in all the EST2SSRs. The adentine rich repeats such as G A/ TC and G AA/ TTC were pre2 dominant in each type of SSRs (di2,tri2),accounting for 25. 78 % and 12. 97 % in di2 and tri2nucleotide repeats respec2 tively. These EST2SSRs information could be efficiently exploited for the development of gene2derived SSR markers.

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A Preliminary Study of Watermelon Continuous Cropping Barrier and Its Countermeasure

Ding Jincheng, Yu Yirong, Ju Yuling, Ma Xaingyou

1989, 4(4): 82-87. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.1989.04.016

Abstract (352) PDF (287) RichHTML

The continuous cropping of watermelon induces deterioiation of soil or disorder of nutrient, particularly reduces the nutrient of P, K and made the soil poor with micronutricnt such as Mg, Fe, Mn etc. In this case physiological barrier usually occurres, the plants show growth retard, resistance reduces, and the wilt and nematode diseases severely happen. So a great deal of plants die. Therefore diseases and physiological barrier are the main factors of continuous cropping barrie of watermelon. Utilization of complex pharmacon that mixed with fungicide soil amendment, macronutrient and micronutrient, will not only effectivley control the wilt, but also promote plant growth, made early-ripe for 2-3 days, increase the weight of single fruit by 9-12%, and raise the content of sugar by 1.5-2,0%.

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Cloning and Sequence of ETR1 Gene from Citrullus lanatus and Cucumis sativus

CAO Di, XU Yong, GUO Shao-gui, ZHAO Yue, GONG Guo-yi, ZHANG Hai-ying

2009, 24(5): 59-63. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2009.05.013

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ETR1 was the controlling gene in ethylene signal transduction.A pair of oligo nucleotide primers were designed from conserved domain of ETR1 gene family.PCR amplifications were performed on genomic DNA template of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum &Nadai var.lanatus and Cucumis sativus L.,they produced two fragments of 1633 bp and 1491 bp,named CLETR1 and CSETR1 respectively.The results of Blastn on NCBI Genebank database indicated that many highly matched homologous nucleic acid sequences and amino acid sequences were all ethylene receptor gene,the ratio were 80%-95% and 75%-90% respectively.The single nucleotide variations were found in the conserved sequences between CLETR1 and CSETR1,there were 23 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in the encoding region,and 5 of them resulted 4 amino acids difference.

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Screening on Chilling Tolerance Appraisal Index of Watermelon

WANG Wei-wei, YANG Xing-ping, FAN Shu-ying, LIU Guang, ZHANG Man, XU Jin-hua

2014, 29(6): 163-171. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2014.06.028

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12 different genotypes of watermelon seedings were studied in low temperature stress treatment,and selected three different cold tolerant watermelon materials.The cold tolerance of 3 watermelon materials seeds during the germination were analyzed with five different temperature, study of low temperature,weak light resistance in watermelon seedings and the change of growth characteristic,photosynthesis and physiological and biochemical characteristics under low temperature,to develop an efficient,comprehensive appraisal index and evaluation method for cold-resistance watermelon,the purpose of this study was to provide theoretical basis for the actual production breeding for low temperature,weak light watermelon germplasm resources.The results showed that the chilling injury index of each genotype was different under different processing time.It is concluded that each type of cold resistance strength through the determination of chilling injury index in 6 and 8 days treatment,and choose Hongyeyihao as cold tolerant germplasm,moderately cold resistance varieties gerplasm Kangbingsumi and cold sensitive germplasm Chenglan.Under 15 ℃,Hongyeyihao germination rate,relative germination rate,length of radicle and relative radicle were the highest,15 ℃ can be used as a watermelon seed germination period of low temperature resistance identification of appropriate temperature; Date of the beginning of seed germination and relative germination rate,relative radicle length can be used as a watermelon bud good low temperature resistance appraisal indicators.After low temperature treatment,plant growth,photosynthetic rate decreased,the enzyme activity of leaves increased,MDA content increased,the change range of each index associated with varieties of low temperature treatment intensity and its cold resistance.Plant height,leaf area,plant fresh weight,root dry weight,the leaf net photosynthetic rate(Pn),Chl a/b ratio,MDA content as watermelon varieties of resistance to low temperature screening appraisal indicators.

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Study on Three Factors of Inducting Tetraploid Mini-watermelon by Tissue Culture

SHI Xiao-yun., SHEN Shu-xing, CHEN Xue-ping, ZHANG Cheng-he

2007, 22(S2): 103-106. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2007.S2.026

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Immature cotyledons of diploid mini-watermelon inbred-line 21,90,141,149,157 were used for inducing tetraploid by tissue culture.The effects on double rate treated by different colchicine concentration,treating time and regenerate ways were studied.Results indicated that: the tissue could regenerate sigle bud,crowed buds or callus.Without colchicine inducing the tissue had high ability of regenerating buds directly.Otherwise the buds were restrict,and the numbers of calluses were more than that of buds.The tissue type and quantities were related to gene type,colchicine concentration and treating time.The calluses were easy to different plants induced by suitable colchicine concentration.To identify the plants,we got rather high propotion of tetraploid induced by 0.03% colchicine in 9 days or by 0.05% colchicine in 7 days,and high double rate by way of callus.

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Effect of Aluminum Stress on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Watermelon Seedlings

ZHENG Yang-xia, JIA Song-tao, ZHAO Ying-peng, ZHANG Wei-wei, SUN Yuan-xiu, QIU Shuang

2015, 30(4): 150-156. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.04.026

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In the study,two watermelon varieties Zaomiwang (ZM) and Zaochunhongyu (HY) seedlings were used as materials to investigate the effect of aluminum(Al) on growth and physiological characteristics under different Al concentrations (0,250,500,1 000,1 500 μmol/L) treatment in order to find out the impact of aluminum stress on photosynthetic characteristics of watermelon.Changes in root length and biomass results showed that ZM was more sensitive to Al than HY.Effects on photosynthesis for the followed three aspects:Chlorophyll content of HY increased in the Al treatment.Chlorophyll content of ZM was higher than contrast only when Al concentration was 250 μmol/L.Chlorophyll a/b content of HY intended to decrease as long as the Al concentration increased;In the Al treatment,when concentration lower than 500 μmol/L the stomatal conductance (Gs),intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci),net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of ZM was effected more obviously than those of HY.When Al concentration was above 1 000 μmol/L,the value of these four items all intended to fall down;Changes of Chlorophyll fluorescence in these two watermelon variety in the Al treatment (without Al³⁺=250 μmol/L concentration) were as follow:original fluorescence (Fo),maximum fluorescence (Fm),potential photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fo),photochemical maximum efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm) and the ability of leaves to transform energy Y(Ⅱ) decreased,while non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased,and leaves maintained a high actinic light energy distribution by adjusting the heat dissipation;In addition,photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and electron transport rate (ETR) decreased.At Al³⁺≤250 μmol/L concentration,the four parameters of HY:Fo,Fm,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm was more stable;with aluminum concentration increases,the electron transfer rate was less affected,NPQ relatively constant,that is able to maintain a constant light protection.

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Genetic Analysis of 4 Major Cucumber Diseases

ZHANG Hai-ying, MAO Ai-jun, ZHANG Feng, WANG Yong-jian, XU Yong

2005, 20(3): 100-103. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2005.03.025

Abstract (328) PDF (577) RichHTML

The watermelon strain of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-W), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and scab(cladosporium cucumerinum) are major diseases that cause significant disease losses in cucumber. Based on a RIL population (No. 8 European × Qiupeng), disease evaluations are identified. The frequency distribution in cucumber RIL population for DI traits involving resistance to the PRSV-W, WMV, ZYMV and scab show two peaks. This indicate that resistance to these diseases are controlled by main gene, but some minor gene also have moderate effect. The linkage analysis results showed that ZYMV, PRSV-W and WMV are linked, the sequence is ZYMV-10cM-PRSV-22 cM-WMV.

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Cloning and Sequence Analysis of ACC SynthaseGene in Subgynoecious Watermelon

HU Bao-gang, LIU Li, JIAO Ding-liang

2011, 26(1): 67-71. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2011.01.015

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According to the reported ACC synthase (ACS) gene sequences of watermelon specific primers to am-plify ACS genes from subgynoecious watermelon by RTCR were designed in order to understand the mechanism ofACC synthase gene on flower sexual differentiation.

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Study on the Development of the Male Sterile Anther in Watermelon G₁₇AB Line

LIU Hai-he, ZHANG Yan-ping, MA De-wei

2002, 17(S1): 88-92. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2002.z1.019

Abstract (316) PDF (190) RichHTML

The cytological and histochemical observation on the male sterile anther in watermelon G 17 AB line was made,it showed,the tapetum of the male sterile anther was abnormal,consequently,the meiosis of the microspore mother cells was abnormal,the abortion occurred before the tetrads formation,there was no any pollen formation in the anther chambers.The contents of polysaccharide and protein in the male sterile anther were lower.

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Absorption and Distribution of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium in High Yield and Quality Watermelon

Shao Zhanhong, Li Zongquan, Wang Weian, Zhao Hongxian, Wang Xiannao, Cui Zhenguang, Zu Yaoting

1996, 11(3): 112-116. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.1996.03.022

Abstract (315) PDF (494) RichHTML

During 1987-1989 field experiments showed that watermelon absorbed little N,P,K during the seedling stage but it gradually took more when the vining stage.A significant linear relation was found on the N absorption from vining to the first harvest,with the regression equation being:y=0.1419 x-5.3878,r=0.9971 ** .The plant gradually absorbed more P after setting and took even more K during flowering and fruiting stages.N P and K primarily contributed to the development and establishment of leaves and they also supported the growth of stems and roots before fruiting.After setting,N,P,K were gradually concentrated in the fruits.

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Studies on Heat Tolerance of Cucumber and Watermelon Plug Seedling with Vermicompost-based Substrate

ZHANG Zhi-gang, SHANG Qing-mao

2007, 22(2): 164-168. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2007.02.040

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Chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves of cucumber and watermelon were tested in order to understand the effects of vermicompost-based substrate on heat tolerance of plug seedling. The results showed that high temperature stress decreased chlorophyll content in leaves of plug seedling and chlorophyll content with vermicompost-based substrate was significantly higher than that of control (n=3, p<0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities in leaves of plug seedling with vermicompost-based substrate increased under high temperature stress, but they decreased in control; The permeation rate of electrolyte and MDA content in control were 4.47%-102.31% and 33.69%-47.75% higher than that with vermicompost-based substrate under high temperature stress. It was suggested that cucumber and watermelon plug seedling with vermicompost-based substrate had stronger heat tolerance.

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Effects of the Different Factors on Vigor Power of the Watermelon Pollen

GUO Shang, WANG Xiu-ying

2006, 21(3): 91-94. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2006.03.021

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Effects of the temperature,nutrition and storage on the vigor power of the watermelon pollen were studied through the pollen cultivation and microscope observation.The results were showed as follows:the germinating temperature of the watermelon pollen is 8-48℃,8℃ and dry environment was advantage to pollen storage for short times.The lower temperature and longer time of treatment was disadvantage to the germination of pollen.The germination of the big and nourishing bud is better.The study provides a reference for the productive practice and scientific research.

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Study on Genetic Diversity and Relationship in Watermelon Germplasms by AFLP Analysis

LIYan-mei, DUANHui-jun, MAZhi-ying

https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2007.S1.043

Abstract (303) PDF (380) RichHTML

57 watermelon materials were analyzed using AFLP.The results showed that 709 AFLP bands were ampli??fied using 18 primer pairs, among them, 440( 61. 4%) bands were polymorphic. Based on DNA bands, the similarity coefficient were calculated and their average value was 0. 70, ranging from 0. 24 to 099,which indicated that relationship wasclose and their genetic base was narrow among materials of watermelons.When all of the polymorphic bands were analyzedby cluster analysis, 57 watermelon materials were classified into 2 groups. Group included 1 wild watermelon material, andgroup, 56 watermelon materials fell into it. Among the group introduced watermelon materials were clustered together aswell as the F1 and parent materials. In addition, this study demonstrates that AFLP fingerprint ing has higher resolution andcan reveal the difference of cult ivars, so it is an efficient tool.

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Effect of Aqueous Extract of Watermelon Peel on Seed Germination

HU Mian-hao, YUAN Ju-hong, AO Yan-song

2008, 23(S2): 40-42. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2008.S2.008

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The biology effect of seed germination of watermelon was invest igated. Inhibiting effect of aqueous extract under low concentration on seed germinat ion and radical length was smaller; The germination and radical length was sig?? nificantly inhibited with increasing of aqueous extract concentration.

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Effects of Benzoic Acid and Cinnamic Acid on Radicle Growth, Microstructure and Ultrastructure of Watermelon

SUN Hui-jun, SUN Ling-qiang, WANG Qian

2006, 21(S1): 77-80. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2006.z1.019

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Inhibitory effect is one of the important factors causing the problem in continual watermelon mono-cropping system. The study was about the effects of main inhibitory substance-benzoic acid and cinnamic acid on radical growth, microstructure and ultrastructure of watermelon. Benzoic acid and cinnamic acid significantly effected watermelon radicles elongation. With the increasing of benzoic acid and cinnamic acid concentration, the growth speed was decreased, and the radicles were short. Through the observation to the root tip microstructure and ultrastructure it was found that benzoic acid and cinnamic acid could result to root tip nuclei irregular, nucleolus abnormal, and cytoplasm sparse. Vacuoles became more and bigger. The Effects of benzoic acid treated on vacuoles was more significant than cinnamic acid treated. But to nucleolus, the effects of cinnamic acid treated was more significant than benzoic acid treated.

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EST-SSR Information Analysis and Markers Development in Watermelon Based on Public Databases

BAO Wen-feng, WANG Ji-ming, SHANG Jian-li, MA Shuang-wu

2011, 26(2): 85-89. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2011.02.019

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In order to explore a new co.dominant molecular markers to study the genetic basic research in watermel· on.We analysed a total of 8 619 watermelon ESrrs from GenBank and sought out 202 SSR contained in 191 EST se· quences.The frequency of the SSRs was 2.31%and mean the distribution density was 1/19.1 kb in watermelon.The dominant repeat motifs were dinucleotide and trinucleotide.AG/TG was the most repeat type in dinucleotide(46%)and AAG was the most repeat type in trinucleotide(43%).卟e most motif repeat times were 4(17.8%),7(15.3%)and 11 (14.9%).The length was mainly distributed between 20 to 30 bp.We obtained 24 primer pairs from 202 EST-SSRs in watermelon.Then utilized albino lethal near.isogenic lines of watermelon for verify these primers.We obtained 16 effecrive amplified primer pairs.accouting for 66.7%of the total number of designed primer pairs.The results suggest that use of public EST databases to develop EST.SSR primers of watermelon areeffective method.

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Allelopathic Effects of the Root Exudates in the Watermelon and Rootstocks on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum

GUO Shang, ZHANG Zuo-gang, TIAN Yong-qiang, WANG Jian-ming, YAO Yan-ping

2010, 25(6): 160-163. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2010.06.030

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To understand disease-resistant mechanism of the rootstock, the root exudates in two rootstocks RBNG, YSXG and watermelon CTHL were collected and their effects on Fusarium oxysporum f.sD.niveum were tested.The re. suits indicated that the root exudates in two rootstocks had stronger inhibitory activity to spore germinations and mycelial growths than that in watermelon；Three kinds of root exudates could enhance the content of MDA in the mycelium, SOD activities.POD activities and soluble protein descended treated with the root exudates in the rootstocks and wa. termelon.But the decreased radio of the fornler was lager than the latter.Besides.the content of soluble sugar in the mycelium decreased treated with the root exudates in the rootstocks and submited the tendency of drop first and in. creased again treated with the root exudates in the watermelon.

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Studies on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics and Inheritance of Chilling Tolerance of Seedlings on Watermelon Wild Germplasm

XU Yong, ZHANG Haiying, KANG Guobin, WANG Yongjian

2000, 15(2): 67-71. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2000.02.015

Abstract (282) PDF (269) RichHTML

Watermelon wild germplasm (Citrullus lanatus var citroides) PI482322hadhigh chilling tolerance under the condition of (12±1)℃ temperature and 140μE·m^-2·s^-1 PFD (photon flux density). As the time of low temperature treatment increased, the activities of SOD and CAT in watermelon seedling leaves decreased. Comparing with these of chilling sensitive cultivar 97103, the decrement of activities of SOD and CAT of wild chilling resistance germplasm PI482322 was smaller, and the accumulation content of active oxygen in the seedling was less. These were main physiological causes of cold resistance. The chilling tolerance of PI482322 was controlled by one dominant gene.

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The Optimization of SRAP-PCR Amplification Program and System for Citrullus lanatus

LI Xiao-hui, WANG Cong-yan, XU Xiao-li, CHANG Gao-zheng, ZHANG Si-pu

2008, 23(3): 38-41. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2008.03.011

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The SRAP-PCR reaction procedure and system for amplifying the watermelon genomic DNA was optimizedusing gradient experiment,so as to establish the optimum SRAP-PCR reaction conditions with high polytmrphism,good re-peatability and clear band pattern. The optimum SRAP-PCR reaction procedure was:pre-denaturation at 94 for 5 minfollowed by 5 cycles of denaturation at 94 0Cfor 1 min,anneal at 35 ?Cfor 1 min and extension at 72 ?Cfor 1 min;then 35cycles of 94 ?Cfor 1 min,50 for 1 min and 72 ?Cfor 1 min;and a final extension at 72 ?Cfor 5 min;kept at 4 ?C. Theoptimum SRAP-PCR system for a plume of 15 μL was:DNA 100 ng,Mg²⁺2. 0 mtml/L,dNTPs 0.3 mmol/ L,primer 60ng，Taq polymerase 0. 75 U. The procedure and system could meet the demands for genome SRAP amplification in C.lanatus. It was feable to apply the SRAP marker in genetic research in C.lanatus.

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Comparison of Versatility and Polymorphism of SSRs in Three Cucurbitaceae

LI Nan, ZHANG Hai-ying, CHEN Nian-lai, WANG Yong-jian, XU Yong, GONG Guo-yi, GUO Shao-gui

2008, 23(4): 110-114. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2008.04.026

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In this study,by PCR amplification with the genomic DNA of three mapping parents,940 SSRs primers were tested for analysis their versatility and polymorphism in melon,cucumber and watermelon. The results indicated that these SSR primers had some versatility in the above crops. The minimum SSR transferability was higher than 24 %,show-ing some similarity in the genome of these crops.But these SSR primers also had strongly genus specialty,their polymor-phism level was very low,the ratio of common polymorphism SSR primers among these crops was lower than 1 %.

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Inheritance Analysis and Molecular Marker of the Subgynoecious Trait in Watermelon

ZHANG Qin-ying, LIU Jun-wei, LIU Li, JIAO Ding-liang, GUO Fu-chang, GUO Min

2009, 24(1): 138-142. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2009.01.031

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The objective of this Experiment was to investigate the inheritance of subgynoecious trait in watermekn.Five F₁ combinations, one F₂ segregation population, one backcross population(BC₁R34)and one transferred subgyrxeciousline( BC₄S₃) were developed by crossing, selfing and backcross betwe subgynoecious line( BG1) and other watermelon inbred lines,respectively. All the plants of F₁populations expressed monoecious, similar to their male parents; F₂ populationsegregated into two phenotypes normal monoecious type and subgynoecious type in ratio of 1: 3 throughx²test;as wellthe plants of backcross population BC₁R34 complet dyexpressed morx>ecious. In addition, trarrferxed sudgynoecious lineBC₄S₃was suhgynoecimr type that proprced high female flower,proportion to 77.9%.These results irxlicated that sugnoecious in watermelon was controlled by a single recessive gene. According to the frequen listridution of female,proportion in F₂, it was considered that there might be other genes modifief this subgyrxecious trait. Two pairs ofNILs, BG1 versus BG2, and BC₄S₃ versus R34 was studied lry the RAPD technique out of 333 random primers. A specificamplified fragment s1454_ 1100 in subgynoecious line was found out through verifing the F₂individuals.

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Influence of Plug Cell Size for Root Vigor and Seedling Quality on Graft Watermelon Seedling

SI Ya-ping, CHENG Sun-liang, CHEN Dian-kui

2005, 20(3): 67-69. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2005.03.017

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Using three kinds of plug tray to grow watermelon seedling which grafted on shoot with root cutting. The results showed that no significant difference among treatments when the seedling age at 20 days after grafted. Cell size at 78.4cm³,82.9cm³ were restrained seedling growth and root vigor when the seedling age at 25 days after grafted. Seedling stem length, root dry weight, leaf area index, and root vigor were primarily functions of cell size. We suggest the best seedling age is 20 days and not last over 25 days to cell size of 78.4cm³,82.9cm³. Seedling age can be 30 days to the cell size of 131.6cm³.

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Detection of Main Causal Viruses on Cucumber by RT-PCR

LI Shu-ju, WANG Hui-zhe, HUO Zhen-rong, PANG Jin-an

2004, 19(3): 100-102. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2004.03.025

Abstract (261) PDF (349) RichHTML

Five pairs of primers were designed and synthesized based on the RNA sequences of cucumber mo-saic viruses (CMV)，watermelon mosaic viruses ( WMV一2)，tobacco mosaic viruses (TMV)，cucumber green mottle mosaic viruses ( CGMMV )， squash mosaic viruses ( SQMV ).The expected fragments were amplified by RT一PCR with the model of total RNA which was extracted from virus-infected and healthy cucumber leaves. A total of 98 cucumber samples associated with viruses collected from several regions of Tianjin in 2002 and 2003 were detected. The results of the experiments showed that the main causal viruses of cucumber in Tianjin were CMV, WMV一2 and TMV with 96. 94 %，77.55%and 38. 67%of incidence rate respectively. CMV and WMV一2 were detected in 76. 53%leaves samples, similarly, CMV, WMV一2 and TMV were detected in 14. 67%leaves samples.

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Growth Responses of Cotton, Corn etc. to the Inoculation of VAM Fungi

Pan Xinglai, Sherwin Lopez, Dacid C.Coleman

1993, 8(2): 78-82. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.1993.02.016

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In 1989, 7 crops in 328 steriled pots with sandy soil (P deficient) were inocu ared with the mixture of 5 species of VAM fungi (3 spores per cm₃ of soil)and grown in the gree house for about 70 days.The results showed that, with the VAM inoculation, much, greater growth was obtained in cotton (947%), corn (74, 2%), soybean (272.8%), tomato (124.9%), and hot pepper (552%), but no significant growth enhancement in watermelon and rape was found.Probably the G.macrocarpum species is capable of reproducing more spores.

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The Influences of Different Host Plant to Development and Reproduction of Carmine Spider Mite, Terany chus Cinnabarinus

Liu Xiaochun, Wu Kongming

1988, 3(4): 86-91. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.1988.04.016

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The influences of six host plant which included soybean,mungbean,watermelon,cotton,sesame,and maize to development and production of T.cinnabarinus were investigated at laboratory in 1987.The results showed there were much different in the mean generation time,innate rate of increase,net reproductive rate and the day of double population for reared on different host plant.Laboratory studies show that the mite prefer to mungbean,soybean,cotton,maize and sesame in order.In this case,that the cotton,can be interplant or intercorpped with sesame and maize,and not suitable for mungbean or watermelom for the purpose of reducing demage of carmine spider mite.

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A Study on Building up the Regenerate System of Watermelon

Hao Lixin， Wang Huaiming

1998, 13(3): 112-115. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.1998.03.022

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An effective system for vegetative propagation and culture has been successfully set up by using cotyledons from five watermelon(Citrullus vulgaris) cultivars.High frequency shoot regeration(46 6—94%) was obtained from 6 day old cotyledons of cultivars cultured on medium containing MS+BA5mg/L+IAA0 5 mg/L.Buds elongated on MS medium containing KT 0 2mg/L.The MS medium with 0 1mg/L NAA was used for rooting and the rate of root induction was also above 80%.

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