Cucumber

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Research Process of Resistance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Pepper

GUO Guang-jun, DIAO Wei-ping, LIU Jin-bing, PAN Bao-gui, GE Wei, WANG Shu-bin

2014, 29(S1): 77-84. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2014.S1.017

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Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) disease is one of the most destructive diseases for pepper producing.The improvement of pepper resistance to CMV is one of the main breeding targets.Molecular marker-assisted selection breeding can overcome defects of traditional breeding and expedites the process of breeding.The development of molecular marker depends on the basic research.Accomplishment of capsicum genome is an opportunity for research of pepper resistance to CMV.So this paper reviews about damage of CMV,evaluation method of resistance to CMV,genetic analysis of resistance and resistance genes mapping,in order to provide some reference for future study of resistance to CMV and CMV-resistant breeding.

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Study on Optimization of Agrobacterium -mediated Transformation System of Cucumber

LI Lei, MENG Yong-jiao, ZHANG Lu, LOU Qun-feng, LI Ji, QIAN Chun-tao, CHEN Jin-feng

2015, 30(5): 115-121. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.05.019

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For the purpose of improving the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cucumber,the most suitable genotype was selected from Asian ecotype Changchunmici and European ecotype Poinset76 and Marketmore76.And then the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system of cucumber was optimized with changing medium curing agent and adding antioxidant and organic additive into medium in different culture stage.The results indicated that the resistant buds differentiation of Changchunmici was the best of the three cucumber genotypes,Poinset76 and Marketmore76 were poorer.The resistant buds induction rates of three genotypes on medium gelled with gellan gum were increased by 28.21,19.71 and 15.39 percentage points respectively compared with those on medium gelled with agar.Adding 50 mg/L α-lipoic acid into co-culture medium could make the resistant buds induction rates of Changchunmici up to 66.67% and number of shoots per explants up to 1.32.Similarly,when adding 1.5 g/L casein hydrolysate into selection culture medium,the resistant buds induction rate and number of shoots per explants of Changchunmici were the highest,67.15% and 1.42 respectively.In conclusion,this article gained the optimization of transformation system that was using Changchunmici as appropriate genotype and gellan gam as medium curing agent,then adding 50 mg/L α-lipoic acid into co-culture medium or 1.5 g/L casein hydrolysate into selection culture medium based on previous Agrobacterium -mediated transformation system.This optimized transformation system very significantly improved the resistant buds induction rate and number of shoots per explants of cucumber and promoted the process of cucumber transformation.

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The Research Advances on Sex Differentiation of Cucumber Flower Bud

ZHANG Wei, LI Xi-xiang

2015, 30(S1): 74-80. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.S1.014

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Although the genetic background of cucumber is narrow,its sex types are diverse and abundant.Therefore, cucumber is the model plant for sex differentiation study.From morphology to cytology and from classical genetics to molecular biology,researchers have done a lot of important researches on cucumber sex differentiation.It was revealed that the genetic basis of major sex types and the molecular regulation mechanism of ethylene metabolic pathway as main line.But the mechanism of sex differentiation of cucumber flowers and diversification of the sex types still couldn't be completely elucidated.In recent years,the rapid development of genomics,epigenetics and miRNA provided new perspectives and technologies for deeply clarifying the mechanisms of sex differentiation.The further comprehensive analyses would provide theoretic and technical support for regulating sex differentiation in cucumber cultivation of high and stable yield and the molecular breeding for sex type improvement of cucurbitaceae crops.

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Allelopathy of Garlic Bulb Aqueous Extracts on Cucumber Seedling Growth

DONG Lin-lin, LI Zhen-dong, WANG Qian

2008, 23(S2): 47-50. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2008.S2.010

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Effect of garlic bulb aqueous extracts on cucumber germination, seedling growth and physiological index were studied by bioassay tests and pot plant ing. The results showed that inhibition of cucumber shoot length and root length were significantly increased with increasing extract concentrations, while inhibition of germination rate was pro?? nounced at 40mg/ mL. Aqueous extracts promoted cucumber seedling growth, increased contents of soluble sugar, protein, Vc and chlorophyll and improved POD, SOD and CAT act ivities at the range of 20 mg/ mL,while high extract concentra?? tions inhibited cucumber seedling growth, POD, SOD and CAT activities and decreased contents of soluble sugar, protein, Vc and chlorophyll. The contents of MDA presented V with extract concentrat ions which were decreased to 13. 7% at 10 mg/ mL. Garlic bulb aqueous extracts were benefit for cucumber seedlings at the range of 20 mg/ mL.

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SSR Markers Linked to the Resistant Gene of Cucumber Powdery Mildew

ZHANG Hai-ying, WANG Zhen-guo, MAO Ai-jun, ZHANG Feng, WANG Yong-jian, XU Yong

2008, 23(6): 77-80. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2008.06.017

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Powdery mildew was one of the major diseases inCucumis sativus L.production.In order to establish its molecular marker-assisted selection system,we aimed to identify molecular markers linked to the resistant gene.With a F-population between a resistant parent(WIS2757)and susceptible parent(19032),we found two codominant SSR markers SSR97.200 and SSR273-300 were linked to the powdery mildew resistant gene,the genetic distances was 5,13 cM respectively.These SSR markers could be useful in marker-assisted selection in cucumber breeding.

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Identification of Nonbitter Germplasm by SSR Markers in Cucumber

ZHANG Li-jie, MA Yan-chao, LI Kang, DONGFANG Yang, WANG Jian-she

2015, 30(2): 140-144. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.02.025

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Identifying non-bitter germplasms and breeding non-bitter varieties are effective to control bitterness as well as to improve qualities in cucumber.In this study, SSR02309 marker linked to foliage bitter gene and SSR10795 marker linked to fruit bitter gene were used to identify the marker genotypes of 78 cucumber germplasm resources.The result showed genetic variation of marker genotypes exist among different germplasms and within same germplasms as well.The marker genotypes of 78 germplasms were confirmed, and 7 non-bitter cucumber varieties were preliminary identified by using the 2 markers.The sensory evaluation results by tasting such 7 cucumber varieties were consistent with the molecular identification results.This study laid technical and germplasm foundation for improving non-bitter cucumber varieties.

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Detection of Corynespora cassiicola in Soil with Real-time Quantitative PCR

GAO Wei, LI Bao-ju, WANG Wan-li, HAO Yong-juan, SHI Yan-xia

2014, 29(2): 71-74. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2014.02.013

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In this research, a specific primer pair CIR5 /CIF5 for C. cassiicola was developed, and Real-time PCR based specific detection method of this pathogen in soil was established. The primer pair gave a single amplifi- cation of 259 bp from C. cassiicola and could be distinguished from other soil-borne pathogen strains. The detection limit was 10 fg/μL in conventional PCR. The pathogen in soil could be detected by Real-time quantitative PCR, and the sensitivity was down to C. cassiicola DNA of 1 conidia/g. This Real-time quantitative PCR method could assist in the implementation of quarantine measures for prevention and control of Corynespora spot leaf.

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Detection of Viruses Infecting Cucurbit Vegetables in Shandong and Identification of Subgroup of the Cucumber mosaic virus Isolates

SUN Xiaohui, WANG Shusen, GAO Lili, QIAO Ning, LIU Yongguang, ZHAO Jing, ZHU Xiaoping

2016, 31(2): 211-217. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2016.02.034

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In order to detect and identify the viral causing agent that infecting cucurbit vegetable plants in Shandong, 867 cucurbit plant samples of suspected viral diseases from 11 vegetable planting areas in Shandong were collected during July to August, 2014.9 primer pairs specific to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV), Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV), Prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (PNRSV) and Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) were used respectively to perform PCR detection.The results showed that viruses carried rate was 34.8%, 10.4%, 20.0%, 41.7%, 27.0%, 7.8%, 2.6%, 1.7%, 0 and 0.9% respectively.The natural infection of these viral diseases except PNRSV in Shandong was confirmed, and the incidence of CMV and TMV were higher than others.Two or more than two viruses mixed infections were also very common in field.At the same time, those CMV positive samples from 11 regions were selected for subgroup classification.Coat protein(CP) gene and the whole RNA3 nucleotide sequences were determined.Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses were performed.The results showed that the CMV isolates of cucurbit vegetables in Shandong area were all members of CMV subgroup IB with the highest similarity to a South Korea isolate As(AF013291), no other strains were found.

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Study of Tolerance Effects on Blight of Cucumber Seedlings Induced by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

QIN Hai-bin, ZHANG Zhi-bin, HE Chao-xing

2014, 29(S1): 98-102. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2014.S1.021

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The cucumber strain Zhongnong 16 were used to screen the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on seedling blight of cucumber in solar greenhouse, and related physiological and biochemistry changes were studied.The result indicated that when cucumber seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi it can significantly enhance the ability of cucumber resistance.After inoculated rhizoctonia solani incidence rates of AM cucumber seedlings and non-AM cucumber seedlings were 16.5% and 52.0%.The mean disease index of cucumber seedling inoculated with AMF was 78.5% lower than that of the control respectively,moreover,there were most obvious the differences between the treatments and the control.Before disease occurrence the sysbiosis of AMF and host plant had formed and the relevant mechanisms of disease resistance had been started.The inoculation of AMF enhanced plant grewth and improved the activity of protect enzyme.During disease occurred AMF and pathogens compete with each other.AMF inhibited the infection of bacteria against host plant.It manifested on activity of Reactive-oxygen-scavenging Enzymes insensitive to the inoculation of pathogens.Degree of membrane lipids peroxidation depressed the damage of cell membrane was smaller.

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Genetic Relationship Analysis of Cucumber Germplasms Based on SSR Markers

GUO Rong-yu, LU Man, SONG Xiao-fei, SUN Cheng-zhen, LI Xiao-li, YAN Li-ying

2015, 30(S1): 32-37. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.S1.006

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Drought cucumber is one of the characteristics of industrial advantages of Jidong area.To evaluate the genetic diversity and relationship of cucumber germplasm,38 South-China ecotype cucumber accessions were subjected to analysis of diversity and cluster via 450 paires of SSR markers.72 SSR primers generated 133 polymorphic bands on an average of 1.85 polymorphic bands per primer pairs(ranged from 1 to 4).The index of dissimilarity of 38 cucumber germplasm accessions varied from 0.215 to 0.704.A close genetic relationship was found between Sijicuilü and gfcs,Yufeicui and Cuiyu,Tangshanqiugua and Zhenbawo,and between Zhenbawo and Huangjialüxiu.But the genetic relationship between Jiameihanhuanggua and Xuanfeng or 6457,and between Xinbao and Lüzhiqiu were relatively distant.The clustering analysis showed that the 38 accessions were divided into two groups,group Ⅰ and Ⅱ,at a threshold 0.54.Further,the group Ⅰ was subdivided intoⅠ_A,Ⅰ_B,Ⅰ_C and Ⅰ_D subgroups while the group Ⅱ was subdivided intoⅡ_A,Ⅱ_B and Ⅱ_C at the threshold 0.48.The results were helpful to the parental selection and cross planning in breeding programs for South-China cucumber.

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Influences of Exogenous Nitric Oxide on Seed Germination and Seedling Physiological Characteristics of Fruit Cucumber under Pb²⁺ Stress

XIAO Xiao-jun, HUANG Zuo-xi, CHEN Wen-nian, WANG Hui

2015, 30(3): 123-128. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.03.022

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The mechanisms of Cucumis sativus L.seedlings responding to Pb stress were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for lead-resistant.The effects on the germination of cucumber seeds and the contents of soluble protein and MDA,the activities of POD,CAT and SOD and chlorophyll relative contents of cucumber seedlings of the different concentration of exogenous NO(50,100,300,500 μmol/L)were studied under 200 mg/L Pb(NO₃)₂.The results showed that the germination of fruit cucumber seeds was inhibited significantly,the contents of soluble protein and MDA increased,while the activities of POD,CAT and chlorophyll relative contents decreased obviously under 200 mg/L Pb(NO₃)₂.The germination percentage,germination potential and germination indexes of fruit cucumber seeds were stimulated greatly with adding sodium nitroprusside (SNP,nitric oxide donor),which decreased the contents of MDA at the same time,while raised the activities of POD,CAT and the contents of relative chlorophyll and soluble protein.It could obviously promote the germination of fruit cucumber seeds under Pb²⁺ stress with adding exogenous nitric oxide,enhance the osmotic adjustment capacity of cell,increase the activity of protective enzyme and significantly alleviate oxidative damage to seeding leaves,the effect was the best when SNP was at 100 μmol/L especially.

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Effect of CO₂ on Cucumber Leaf SOD,POD and CAT Activity and Gene Expression under High Temperature

ZHANG Zhiwei, LI Xiaojing, BAI Jinrui, CHEN Shuai, FAN Mengxuan

2017, 32(4): 67-72. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2017.04.011

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In order to explore the effect of CO₂ on SOD, POD and CAT activity and their gene expressions under high temperature, the grafting cucumber in greenhouse was used as material, trying to study the changes of cucumber leaf SOD, POD and CAT activity and gene expression under high temperature after treating with CO₂.The results showed SOD,POD and CAT activity in cucumber leaf were increased after treating with CO₂ under high temperature. Comparing with room temperature treatment,the max difference of cucumber SOD,POD and CAT activity were at 42,28 and 21 days after treating with CO₂ and high temperature,and increased by 19.1%,50.4% and 45.0% respectively. Using Real-time PCR analysis cucumber SOD, POD and CAT gene expression were all increased after treating with CO₂ under high temperature. The max difference of cucumber SOD, POD and CAT gene expression level were at 28,28 and 21 days after treating with CO₂ and high temperature,and with 60.7%,70.3% and 44.9% higher than room temperature treatment respectively. In conclusion,after treating with CO₂,the cucumber SOD,POD and CAT activity and their gene expression level were both increased under high temperature.

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SCAR Marker Resistance-related to Cucumber Alternaria Leaf Spot and Resistance Identification of Cucumber Germplasm

WANG Hui-zhe, LI Shu-ju, YANG Rui-huan, GUAN Wei, DENG Qiang, CAO Ming-ming

2014, 29(1): 208-212. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2014.01.037

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In order to establish molecular marker-assisted selection system of cucumber alternaria leaf spot with F ₁,F ₂ and BC 1 population between a susceptible parent(L 63) and a resistant parent(L 9),a co-dominant AFLP marker was successfully converted into a simple,applied and co-dominant SCAR marker. Special marker SCEM 126 /122 were designed according to the sequence information of AFLP(E-CC / M-CAT) fragments. The marker was closely linked to the cucumber alternaria leaf spot resistance-related gene,and the genetic distance between the marker and the gene was 4. 4 cM. The marker could be useful in marker-assisted selection in cucumber breeding. The acquired SCAR marker had many advantages including fast,accurate,low cost,free from an environmental influence et. 64 resistant germplasm were abtained from total 290. Application of the acquired marker will inhance cucumber alternaria leaf spot disease resistant germplasm evaluation.

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Effect of Seed Hypergravity Treatment on Cucumber under NaCl Stress

CHEN Shu-fang, SHEN Meng-jie

2011, 26(S2): 60-64. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2011.S2.015

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The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of seed hypergravity treatment and cucumber salt tolerance.Effect of seed hypergravity treatment on cucumber germination,seedling growth and relative physiological indexes under NaCl stress was studied.The result showed that cucumber germination,seedling growth and physiological indexes were significantly inhibited under NaCl stress.After seeds were treated with the hypergravity of 1 000,2 000,3 000×g for 1,2 hours respectively,every index including germination rate,germination index and vigor index significantly improved than the values in NaCl stress,in which effect of 2 000×g,2 h seed hypergravity treatment was the best.Added the strength of hypergravity to 4 000×g,germination rate had not obvious change for 1 hours treatment,every index significantly decreased in other treatments.In seedling period,there was different effect between 2 000×g,2 h seed hypergravity and NaCl combined treatment and sole NaCl treatment.Seedling biomass significantly increased,root activity,chlorophyll content and SOD activity significantly improved,MDA content significantly decreased in combined treatment than in sole NaCl treatment with certain concertration.Seed hypergravity treatment could improved cucumber seed germination and seedling biomass,actively regulated physiological indexes in seedling period under NaCl stress,which alleviated stress injury and strengthened plant salt tolerance.

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Effects of Combined Application of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizers on Yield and Nitrate Accumulation of Cucumber and Nitrate Leaching under Greenhouse Condition

GAO Wei, LI Ming-yue, GAO Bao-yan, LI Wei

2015, 30(4): 188-193. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.04.032

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In this paper,influence of different fertilization mode on yield of cucumber and nitrogen accumulation and leaching of soil nitrate was systematically studied to explicit the optimum combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers under greenhouse condition.Based on a lysimeter experiment with undisturbed soil layers,plants,soil and leakage water were collected and detected.The results showed that compared with the chemical fertilizer application pattern,the yield and economic benefits increased by 12.1% and 7.1% under the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers,with the highest yield and income for the combines application pattern of N₁PK in chemical fertilizer and organic manure.At the same time,the combined application patterns of organic manure and chemical fertilizers significantly increased nitrogen accumulation,the increase of nitrogen fertilizer would only increase the accumulation of nitrogen in plant,no increase in fruit;The combined application patterns of organic manure and chemical fertilizers could significantly reduce the amount of leakage of irrigation water and nitrate nitrogen,the amount of leakage of irrigation water and the NO₃^--N leakage rates in the leakage water significantly decreased by 14.2% and 26.6% under the same chemical nitrogen application;Treatment of nitrogen application amount higher (OM+N₂PK),the soil nitrate nitrogen appeared obvious accumulation.Thus,the combined application patterns of organic manure and chemical fertilizers could increase the yield and income,but also should be applied properly to reduce the chemical N fertilizer application;the pattern of combined application of N₁PK in chemical fertilizer and organic manure under this experimental condition was the best.

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Effect of High Temperature and Elevated CO₂ Coupling on Photosynthesis and Leaf Senescence of Cucumber in Greenhouse

PAN Lu, LI Zhixin, CUI Shimao, SONG Yang, DU Xian, TIAN Luwen, BAI Jie

2017, 32(3): 168-173. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2017.03.026

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The changes of leaf area increase,photosynthetic rate,SPAD values of cucumber leaves and contents of starch,carbohydrate and MDA between functional leaves and old leaves were studied in greenhouse under high temperature and elevated CO₂ coupling. The purpose of research was to investigate the effect of high temperature and elevated CO₂ coupling on photosynthesis and leaf senescence of cucumber in greenhouse. Main results were as follows:Both the net photosynthetic rate and SPAD values increased markedly under high temperature and elevated CO₂ coupling. But the values under high temperature with high concentration of CO₂ reached at the peak level after treatment of 13 days; the values under high temperature with medium concentration of CO₂ were significantly higher than control,high temperature with low concentration CO₂ and high temperature treatments during 10-19 days. Comparing with the functional leaves,contents of starch went up and contents of carbohydrate declined remarkably in old leaves under high temperature with high concentration of CO₂; while there was no significant change in contents of starch and carbohydrate under high temperature with medium and low concentration of CO₂. The content of MDA in old leaves under high temperature with high concentration of CO₂ grew significantly,and it was higher than those in other treatments except in high temperature treatment. The result above illustrated that under high temperature photosynthesis of cucumber would be increased quickly,but the speed of leaf senescence would also grew up with high concentration of CO₂; while photosynthesis of cucumber would be increased continually,and the speed of leaf senescence would be decreased with medium concentration of CO₂.

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Alleviating Effects of Exogenous CO on Germination and Growth of Cucumber Seeds under Drought Stress

MU Xuejiao, ZHANG Qiang, WU Yan, WANG Xuejuan, ZHANG Yuanbing

2018, 33(5): 168-173. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2018.05.023

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In order to explore the intrinsic mechanism of exogenous carbon monoxide (CO) improving the germination and growth of cucumber seedlings under drought stress. Cucumber Xinjinyan 4 seeds were pretreated with the CO donor,hematin (0.01 mol/L),and their germination,nutrient absorption ability,plasma membrane stability,osmotic adjustment substance content,hydrolase activities and isoenzyme expression under drought stress simulated by 10% polyethylene glycol 6000 were investigated. The results showed that,under PEG stress,exogenous CO improved the germination potential,germination rate,root length,hypocotyl length and fresh weight of cucumber seeds,promoted imbibition of cucumber seeds,enhanced root activity,significantly decreased plasma membrane permeability and malondialdehyde (MDA) content,and increased the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar. Meanwhile,the results also demonstrated that exogenous CO apparently up-regulated the activities of amylase and esterase and their isozyme expression. Compared with the PEG treatment,the root activity,soluble protein and soluble sugar content,amylase and esterase activity of PEG+CO treatment increased by 12.57%,5.84%,32.56%,9.87% and 48.87%,respectively,MDA content decreased by 25.81%. These results suggested that exogenous CO could improve the adaptability of cucumber seeds to drought stress by enhancing the nutrient absorption ability of cucumber seeds,protecting the stability of cell membrane system,improving osmotic adjustment ability,enhancing the hydrolase activities and their isozyme expression,and consequently induce the germination and growth of cucumber seeds under drought stress.

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Identification RAPD Markers Linked to Fusarium Wilt Resistance Gene in Cucumber

ZHANG Hai-xia, ZHANG Hai-ying, YU Guang-jian, ZHANG Feng, MAO Ai-jun, WANG Yong-jian XU Yong

2006, 21(2): 121-123. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2006.02.029

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Using RAPD primers with BSA technique screened the RAPD markers linked to Fusarium Wilt resistance gene in Cucumber.The results showed that 113 arbitrary primers can amplified different polymorphism bands between two parents,primer S49 can amplify a specific polymorphism band which is linked to Fusarium Wilt resistance in Cucumber,the genetic distance is 14cm,and the band is named S49_-300.

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Effects of Different Nitrogen-form on the Photosynthesis and Fruit Quality of Cucumber

WU Xin-yan, GUO Jian-hua, FANG Zheng, ZHANG Yi-gong, MAO Si-shuai, ZHANG Li-juan, ZHAO Bin

2011, 26(2): 223-227. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2011.02.046

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With the facility experiments,it was investigated that the influence on chlorophyll of cucumber,photosynthesis and fruit quality on different ratios of ammonium-N and nitrate-N.Resuhs showed as follows：in the same treatment,different leaves’SPAD was significant,flower leaves affected SPAD very much,fruit leaves less,and early flower leaves the least.Different nitrate-N and ammonium-N combined,with the increase of nitrate-N,SPAD of the flower leaves,fruit leaves,early flower leaves increased.In general,different fertilizer ratio was not significant.Appropilate fertilizer level Was helpful to improve the efficiency of light conversion,and could enhance the plants photosynthesis.The net photosynthesis rate,Cond,Ci,the transpiration rate had the same changing rule on cucumber：flower leaves was the greatest,fruit leaves Was the second,early leaves was the last.When the ratio of the nitrate-N and ani· monium-N is 1：1,the nitrate and organic acidcontent was lower,VC content was higher,quality was better yield was higher.

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Research on Inoculation Method and the Inheritance of Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum on Cucumber

ZHOU Hong-mei, MAO Ai-jun, ZHANG Li-rong, ZHANG Feng, WANG Yong-jian, YANG Wen-cai

2010, 25(4): 186-190. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2010.04.039

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Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum is one of the most destructive diseases on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) throughout China and the world. This experiment was carried out to establish a more reliable screening method and studied on the inheritance of resistance to Fusarium wilt race 4 for resistance breeding of cucumber. The result indicated that the best inoculation method was that seedling roots were dipped into inoculum suspension with 1 × 10⁶ spores /mL when two cotyledons were fully expended，then incubating seedlings at 24－28℃ in daytime，16－20℃ at night in greenhouse. Plants are rated as resistant or susceptible 10－14 days after inoculation. The cucumber line WIS2757(parent 1) and the inbred line of Jinyan No. 2(parent 2) and F₂ population and 52 F₄ lines from the cross of both parents were employed for evaluation of the resistant to Fusarium wilt race 4. Parent WIS2757 plants and F₁ plants were resistance to Fusarium wilt race 4，and parent Jinyan No.2 was susceptible. The segregating ratio of F₂ population and F₄ lines corresponded with the expected ratio at the 5% level of probability. And the cucumber line Cu13(parent 3) and Jinyu No. 202(parent 4) and F1 lines from the cross of both parents were employed for evaluation of the resistance to Fusarium wilt race 4. Parent Cu13 plants were resistance to Fusarium wilt race 4，parent Jinyu No. 202 was susceptible. F1 plants showed moderate resistance to Fusarium wilt race 4. The above results showed that the resistance of WIS2757 to Fusarium wilt race 4 was controlled by a single dominant gene and the resistance of Cu13 to Fusarium wilt race 4 may be controlled by multiple genes and the further study will be done in the future.

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Study on Chromosome Preparing and Ploidy in Cucumber

HAN Yi ke, DU Sheng li, WANG Ming

2003, 18(1): 72-74. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2003.01.020

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Main parameters and methods of chromosome preparing wi th wall degradation hypotonic technique in cucumber were s tudied, and a sui table method was es tablished.The resul ts indicated that there was a evident correlationship between chromocenter diameter, heterochromatin number and plant ploidy level.The chromocenter diameter and heterochromatin number of haploid and double haploid are 5.1, 5.0μm and 13.3, 11.9μm respectively.

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Cucumber Expansin 10(CsXPIO ) Gene 5 'End Sequence Cloning and Preliminary Analysis of Gene Expression

LIU Chun-xiang, ZHANG Wei-hua, CAO Qi-wei, SUN Xiao-lei

2011, 26(1): 63-66. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2011.01.014

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Expansin is a kind of protein to promote plant cell wall expanding it is important for cucumber fruitenlargement during fruit development. Thisgene coded 287 amino acids after sequence analysis. Expression analysis showed that it expressed highly in expanding fruit and express little in stemsand leaves however almost do not express in roots and flowers which means it correlated with fruit expanding.

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GFP-Marking and Colonization on Cucumber of Bacillus subtilis BSD-2

HAO Huijuan, LIU Hongwei, YIN Shuli, LIU Qianqian, ZHANG Liping, SONG Shuishan

2016, 31(4): 106-111. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2016.04.018

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For the purpose of exploring the colonization on the cucumber,the Bacillus subtilis BSD-2 had remarkable control effect on the Botrytis cinerea. In this study,the plasmid of pGFP4412 that contains green fluorescent protein gene(GFP) was transformed into the Bacillus subtilis BSD-2 by modified electroporation.The plasmid stability,growth curve and the inhibition activity of GFP-labeled strains were measured.The results showed that the GFP-tagged strain could emit green fluorescence successfully.The tagged strain nearly had the same trend with the wild type strain in growth.The stability of GFP-marked in engineering B.subtilis BSD-2 strain was 86% after transference of culture 56 hours continuously without selective pressure.Inhibition activity showed that the GFP-marked strain exhibited the comparable ability as the wild type strain to inhibit Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea.Observation by fluorescence microscope indicated that the GFP-tagged BSD-2 could colonize on the root tissue after inoculated 24 hours.It could be seen on the leaf veins after five days.It still could be observed on the leaf veins after 50 days.All of these data indicated that the GFP-marked strain could colonize on the cucumber so properly that stopped pathogens to invade the plant.

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Study on Propagation of Corynespora cassiicola in Cucumber

MAO Ai-jun, ZHANG Feng, ZHANG Li-rong, WANG Yong-jian

2006, 21(6): 115-118. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2006.06.028

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Corynespora cassiicola is a more serious diseases in Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) throughout China and the world.This experiment as a fundamental research for cucumber resistance breeding and disease control was conducted to establish a more reliable sporulation method of corymespora cassiicola.The experiment was about the effect of twelve culture media composition,transfer method,hyphae colour lllumination condition and culture time on propagation of corynespora Cassiicola in cucumber.The results showed that a dark colony could produce more conidia than a light one.The fungi could sporulate a lot by spreading loopful of surface hyphae over CZA_120g and CZA_80g media,but not in culture fluid.Continuous light and dark treatment did not have any significant effect on the hyphae growth and dark condition was preferable for sporulation.The 5th day saw a peak for conidial formation at 28℃ in the dark,and the conidia concentration could reach to 20.7×10⁵ spores/mL.

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Effects of Storage Time on Dry Heat Treated Infected Cucumber Seeds and Pathogens

MENG Shan-shan, HAN Zhi-qi, XIE Xue-wen, CHAI A-li, SHI Yan-xia, LI Bao-ju

2014, 29(S1): 71-76. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2014.S1.016

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In order to explore the effect of storage time on germination rate of infected seeds treated with dry heat and the activity of pathogenic fungi on infected seeds,and figure out the best condition for storage.In this paper,we used three different infected cucumber seeds as materials.The seeds were storing in 4 ℃ for 1,2,3,6,9 months respectively after treated with dry heat.The seed was evaluated by determining seed germination rate,and the pathogenic activities in the seeds were also evaluated by tablet moisturizing culture method as well as double fluorescence staining.The results indicated that the seed germination rate and the vigor of pathogenic fungi on infected seeds were reduced with the extending of storage time after stored 1,2,3,6,9 months respectively.Seed germination rate was maintain above 88% after 3 months storage and about 80% after 6 months storage when the infected seeds treated 40,60 min under 70 ℃ respectively.However,seed germination rate was below 75% after 3 months storage when the infected seeds treated 90 min under 70 ℃.There was no pathogenic fungi detected and the mortality of the spores on the surface or internal of the infected seed treated with dry heat after stored 3 months.The experiment suggested that the seeds germination rate and the vigor of pathogenic fungi on infected seeds were decreased after storing the dry heat treated infected seeds.When the infected seeds treated 40,60 min under 70 ℃ seeds,germination rate were above 90% and the pathogen had lost its vitality.Therefore these can be used as treatment condition before seed storage.

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Effect of the Fermentation Broth of Streptomyces roseof lavus Menmyco-93-63 on the Resistance of Cucumber Powdery Mildew

GUOJing-hua, MENGQing-fang, LIYa-ning, YANGWen-xiang, ZHANGTing, ZHOUKun, LIUDa-qun

https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2007.S1.001

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The significant controlling effect of the fermentation broth of Stremptomyces roseof lavus Men-myco-93-63 on cucumber powdery mildew were proofed through the efficacy test.There are two kinds of controlling effect of the fermentation.One is the protecting effect,which was 88.63% in our test.Another is treat ing effect ,which was 82.26%. Several resistance-related enzymatic activities of the leaves of cucumberwere detected, such as peroxidase( POD) , catalase(CAT ) , phenylalanine ammonialyase(PAL) , and polyphenol oxidase( PPO) .All of the activities of these enzymes in the treated cucumber seedlings were higher than those in the untreated at the certain periods.

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AFLP Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Cucumber Germplasm

ZHANG Gui-hua, HAN Yi-ke, YANG Rui-huan, DU Sheng-li, WANG Ming

2007, 22(3): 21-24. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2007.03.006

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The genetic diversity of 23 cucumber materials were analyzed by AFLP technique. 543 DNA bands were amplified by 18 pairs of AFLP primers, of which there were 106 polymorphic bands, and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 19.5%. The dendrogram of 23 cucumber materials was generated by UPGMA (Unweighred Pair-group Method Arithmetic Average) method, and was divided into 3 groups. The first group was the clustering of wide species, the second group included stateside type, Netherlandish type, and the type possessed the origin of Netherland. The third group included all of the Chinese type materials and two Russian type materials. The genetic similarity and cluster analysis showed that the relationship between wild germplasms and cultivars was far, and the classification result based on AFLP markers was basically consistent with that on their morphological characters.

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Dynamics of Potassium Concentrations in Soil Solution and Characteristics of Potassium Leaching from Soil in Greenhouses with Cucumber

LIU Jianxia, ZHAO Yingnan, LI Bowen, LIU Wenju, MA Li

2016, 31(3): 233-238. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2016.03.034

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In order to probe into variation characteristics of leaching of potassium from soil,a study was conducted in cucumber greenhouse in Yongqing of Hebei Province to investigate dynamics of potassium concentrations in soil solution and leaching of potassium from soils during the whole cucumber growth period by the different fertilizer application.The results showed that dynamics of potassium concentrations in soil solution collected in the depths at 35-40 cm and 95-100 cm soil layers.Potassium concentration (47.7-114.0 mg/L) for all the treatments increased at first,decreased subsequently and then increased again in soil solution at 35-40 cm for greenhouse.Meanwhile potassium concentrations in soil solution at 95-100 cm (40.3-105.0 mg/L) kept the similar dynamic trend to that at 95-100 cm for conventional potassium rate treatment.However,potassium concentrations in soil solution of CK (49.6-66.5 mg/L) and the treatment of recommended potassium rate (30.6-42.8 mg/L) kept stable during different periods at 95-100 cm.Potassium levels of leaching solution increased with increase of potassium application rate and ranged at 27.9-65.1 mg/L for the cucumber greenhouse.Total amounts of potassium leaching from soil layer (0-100 cm) of the greenhouse was 154 kg/ha.Therefore,the application rates at 600 kg/ha could not only keep the high yields of cucumber and reduce soil potassium leaching loss,but also increase the economic benefit and environment benefit effectively.

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Effects of Nitrogen Application on Fluorescence Characteristics of Cucumber in Fruit Growth Stage under High Temperature Stress

SHI Jiaqi, LIU Yuqing, WANG Yanling, YANG Zaiqiang

2022, 37(2): 84-95. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.20192694

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To reveal the effect process and mechanism of nitrogen application level on the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of cucumber in fruit stage under high-temperature stress,the Jinyou 101 cucumber was used as the tested material,the air temperatures were set at 35 ℃/25 ℃,38 ℃/28 ℃,41 ℃/31 ℃,in the same time the 28 ℃(daily maximum temperature)/18 ℃(daily minimum temperature)was as the control(CK);the nitrogen(N)application level was set at 0(N0),160(N1),240(N2),320 kg/ha(N3);total 16 treatments and three duplicates.The dynamic parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence of cucumber functional leaves were measured systematically after 9-days high-temperature stress in fruit stage,the differences between in various treatments were also discussed.The PSⅡ reaction centre of cucumber leaves were significantly damaged and the maximum fluorescence(Fm),maximum photochemical quantum yield(Fv/Fm),photosynthetic performance index(PIabs),area enclosed by Fm and fluorescence curve(Area)were significantly decreased after high-temperature stress in fruit stage.Under the 35 ℃ high-temperature stress,the values of ΔW_O-J and ΔW_O-K were negative in treatment N1—N3,and the oxygen evolution complex(OEC)was not inactivated.At the same time,the energy transfer between PSⅡ central thylakoids was unhindered.However,the ΔW_O-J of leaves was positive in treatment N1 under 38 ℃ and treatment N2 under 41 ℃,which means the OEC was inactivated.Therefore,the energy transfer between PSⅡ central thylakoids was blocked due to the positive ΔW_O-K in treatment N1—N3 under the 38,41 ℃.Under the high-temperature stress,the nitrogen application significantly increased the chlorophyll content,Fm,Fv/Fm,PIabs,PItotal,Area and Sm of cucumber leaves,and enhanced the OEC activity and smooth the energy transfer between the PSⅡ central thylakoids;the ABS/RC,TRo/RC and DIo/RC of cucumber leaves also decreased with the increase of nitrogen application level while the electron transfer energy(ETo/RC)increased.Nitrogen application rate and temperature had significant interactive effects on the fluorescence characteristics and yield of cucumber leaves.Under the 35,38,41 ℃high-temperature stress in fruit stage,when the nitrogen application rates were 236,283,177 kg/ha respectively,the photosynthesis of cucumber leaves was stronger and higher yield could be obtained.Therefore,the reasonable nitrogen application could improve the OEC activity of PSⅡ,promote energy transfer,and slow down the inhibition of electron receptor pool on the side of PSⅠ receptor of cucumber leaves under the high-temperature stress in fruit stage,and also improve the orderly progress of photosynthesis.

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Study on Cucumber Somatic Regeneration System via in vitro Cotyledonary Node Culture

WEI Ai-min, DU Sheng-li, ZHAO Jing, HAN Yi-ke, LIU Nan, ZHANG Gui-hua, CUI Xing-hua

2011, 26(S2): 20-23. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2011.S2.006

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A Northern China cucumber inbred line L04-203 was used as plant material.Through systematic study on explant type,adventitious shoot induction medium and shoot elongation medium,an efficient cucumber somatic regeneration system was established.The results indicated that,cotyledonary node with a little bit of hypocotyl was the best explants.Ratio of BA/NAA in the medium has a remarkable influence on regeneration rate and callus induction.Shoots were directly initiated in the incision when NAA concentration was 0 or very low,callus in the incision increased as NAA concentration increased.The optimum induction medium was MS+BA/NAA(2/0.2 mg/L).3.8 shoots can be obtained per explant.The optimum shoot elongation medium was MS+BA 0.5 mg/L.

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Identification of PCD Induced by Salicylic Acid and Expression Analysis of Genes Related with the PCD in Cucumber

CHEN Chong, LIU Shuang, WANG Dandan, CHI Chunyu, ZHU Hong, JIN Xiaoxia, DING Guohua

2018, 33(6): 56-63. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2018.06.008

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To reveal the role of chloroplast in the PCD of cucumber induced by salicylic acid (SA),10 mmol/L salicylic acid was added to the leaves of cucumber seedlings at the four-leaf period,and the samples were collected at the location where SA was added. ROS in situ detection,Trypan blue staining,PI and FDA staining,and TUNEL detection were performed. These results showed that SA could induce PCD process in cucumber. According to the results of high-throughput sequencing,15 genes annotated with chloroplast were screened out among 1 759 differentially expressed genes. These genes were expressed in cucumber leaves treated with SA was confirmed by RT-PCR. It was preliminarily identified that these genes were involved in the PCD process induced by SA in cucumber. According to the expression of qRT-PCR,the 15 genes played a role of positive regulation or negative regulation in PCD induced SA in cucumber,upon regulating characteristics five kinds of genes were raised:Probable thylakoidal processing peptidase 1 gene, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gene, Probable fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 3 gene, Alpha-glucan water dikinase 1 gene and Allene oxide cyclase 4 gene, down-regulated expression of 10 genes were:Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 gene, Calcium sensing receptor gene, Pheophorbide a oxygenase gene, Probable chlorophyll(ide) b reductase1 gene, Sigma factor binding protein 1 gene, NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase gene, 2-succinylbenzoate-CoA ligase gene, ATP-dependent zinc metallopro-tease FtsH1 gene, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transporter 1 gene and CBS domain-containing protein1 gene. It lays a foundation for further revealing the role of chloroplast in cucumber PCD induced by SA.

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The Allelopathy of Ethanol Extract of the Root and the Rhizosphere of Parsley on Fusarium oxysporiumf.sp.cucumeris

XIANG Peng-yu, HAN Yan, YUN Xing-fu

2008, 23(4): 45-50. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2008.04.011

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In the study, the allelopathy of the ethanol extract of the root of parsley on Fusarium oxysporiumf. sp. cuc- umeris was studied by growth rate method.The result showed that the ethanol extract of the root of parsley inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporiumf. sp. cucumeris significantly within the range of experimental concentration except the con - centration of 1% in 120 and 132 h, and its highest inhibitory rate was 42.31%,or lowest rate was 12.22%;the ethanol extract of the rhizosporic soil of parsley inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporiumf. sp. cucumeris significantly at higher concentrations( from RS100% to RS60% ), and the largest inhibitory rate was 94.3%.The higher concentration, the bet - ter allelopathic effect, whichwas more than that of corresponding extract of the nonrhizosphere, adding up to 49.02%; the lower concentration( RS40% and RS20%) of the ethanol extract of the rhizosperic soil of parsley promoted the mycelial growth lightly, but whichwas less than that of corresponding extract of the nonrhizosphere obviously.There was a tendency that inhibitory rate of ethanol extract of root agaist Fusarium oxysporiumf.sp. cucumeris dropped down with decreasing concentration and prolong time.

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Study on the Effects of Different Substrate Ratios on Cucumber Plug Seedling

REN Jie, CUI Shi-mao, LIU Jie-cai, FU Chong-yi, MA Bo, XIA Yong-heng

2013, 28(2): 128-132. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2013.02.023

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In order to choose the proper substrate composition of cucumber plug seedling,the effects of physical and chemical characteristics of compound substrate mixed with commodity substrate of seedling(The main compo-nent is peat),vermiculite and sheep manure at different volume ratios on thegrowth and development of cucumber were studied. The results showed that the physical and chemical characteristics of compound substrate mixed with commodity substrate∶ sheep manure∶ vermiculite =6∶ 3∶ 1(S3)were in the proper range and the emergence rate of seedlings was more than 90%. In addition,seedlingsgrown on S3 were better than other treatments when the seed-lings were measured for dry weight,root volume,root shoot ratio,seedling strength index,g value,root activity and soluble sugar content. Therefore commodity substrate∶ sheep manure∶ vermiculite = 6∶ 3∶ 1 was more suitable to be substrate for cucumber seedling.

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Comparative Study on Bio-characteristics of Cucumber Mosaic Virus(CMV) Subgroup I and II

TIAN Zhao-feng, YU Jia-lin, LIU Wei-cheng, QIU Ji-yan, LIU Dewen

2009, 24(5): 201-205. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2009.05.042

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16 CMV samples from Fujian,Zhejiang,Hunan,Ningxia,Anhui,Shanxi,Henan,Hebei and Binjing were collected and identified by DAS-ELISA with subgroup specific Antisera.The symptoms,pathygenicities,and in vivo stabilities of part of the isolates were compared in Nicotiana tabacum.The results showed that the majority of the CMV samples belong to the subgroup I virus,consisting of 75% of the samples.The symptoms and pathygenicities of subgroup II virus were generally mild and flexible,and adjusted by temperature,humidity and light intensity,suggesting its complex flexibility to the host plant.These results suggested that the subgroup II virus was prone to be neglected or discarded in sample collecting or experimenting.The differences between detection frequency and actual existence,also the ecological significance of subgroup II virus were discussed.

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Study on the Relationship Oil Content in Cucumber Seed and Chilling Tolerance

YAN Shi-jiang, LIU Jie, SI Long-ting, MA Zhi-guo, YANG Jia-ming

2007, 22(S2): 33-35. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2007.S2.009

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In order to study the relationship between oil content in cucumber seeds and chilling tolerance index,we probed into the method for appraising chilling tolerance.9 different cucumbers which 9504,9524,9507,9508,9512,9518,9521,9506 and 9511 are given at 12℃ in the daytime and at 8℃ in the evening.Those are shined 7.5 h everyday by the light that the strength is 30 μmol/(m²·s) or 2 000 lx and have been handled for 14 d.We classed the cucumbers with resistance of low temperature,calculated their chilling tolerance index and oil content in seed and two characters were found difference between materials.The investigations of oil content in seed and chilling tolerance index expressed by variance analysis that two characters were differences significant between materials,and were insignificant between blocks.The related analyses indicated that the related index between the oil content in seed and chilling tolerance index is 0.770 0,reaching to positive correlation,which explained that the oil content in seed can be one of the indirect index signs of chilling tolerance character of cucumber.

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Effect of Low Light Stress on Antioxidant Enzymes in Water-water Cycle of PS I of Two Ecotype Cucumber Seedlings

MI Guo-quan, LIU Li-ying, JIN Bao-yan, ZHANG Zhen-xian, REN Hua-zhong

2011, 26(4): 86-90. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2011.04.015

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Influences of low light on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the electron transport of water-water cycle of PS I of two ecotypes of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.cv.S1 and S404) seedling in artificial climatic chamber were studied.The trial aims to realize the physiology mechanism of low light response of cucumber seedlings.Results showed that,compared to the controlled condition,SOD,APX and DHAR activities in cucumber leaves were all increased during the early stage after low light treatment,but then decreased along with the treatment time delay.Increment of SOD,APX and DHAR activities in S1(tolerant to low light) leaves were larger than S404(sensitive to low light).Both MDHAR and GR activities were all decreased compared with controlled condition in S1 and S404.MDHAR activities in S1 leaves were higher than S404 under low light,while GR activities were reversed.These results suggested that low light-tolerant S1 were more potential to eliminate the active oxygen and free radicals with better low light adaptability by adjusting NADPH distribution in water-water cycle of PSI compare with low light-sensitive S404.

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Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth,Yield and Quality of Cucumber in Organic Culture

REN Zhi-yu, HE Chao-xing, LI Shu-he, ZHANG Zhi-bin

2008, 23(6): 135-138. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2008.06.031

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Using cucumber cultivar Jinyou No.2 as the experimental material,effects of inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),Glomus mosseaeNicolson & Gerdemann on growth,yield and quality of cucumber in organic culture were studied.The results indicated that growth vigor of cucumber markedly increased by inoculating AMF treatment.Compared with control plant height,stemthickness,Leaf number andLeaf area increased by 19.1%,24.6%,10.8% and 26.7%,respect ively.Photosynthesis of cucumberLeaf markedly improved by inoculating AMF treatment.Compared with control chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate and respiration rate increased by 14.4%,13.7% and 12.3%,respectively.Compared with control yield,soluble solids content and vitamin C content of cucumber respectively increased by 26.9%,16.0% and 2.7% by inoculat ing AMF treatment,while nitrate content decreased by 31.3%.The differences of cucumber plant height,stem thickness,Leaf area,yield and fruit nitrate content between inoculating AMF treatment and control arrived markedly significant levels.

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Molecular Identification and the Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions Analysis of Pathogen Causing Cucumber Corynespora Leaf Spot

WANG Hui-zhe, DENG Qiang, CAO Ming-ming, YANG Rui-huan, LI Shu-ju

2015, 30(3): 175-179. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.03.030

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In order to analyze the differentiation of different areas Corynespora cassiicola and identify the pathogen accurately so as to serve the cucumber disease resistance breeding,34 corynespora cassiicola purified strains was collected from 2007 to 2014.Molecular identification results showed that all the isolates were Corynespora cassiicola using published specific primers CCF/CCR,all the 34 strains were amplified the expected 272 bp specific fragments.559 bp fragments of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences of corynespora cassiicola were obtained through PCR amplification by using universal primers ITS1 and ITS4.Sequence analysis result showed that there was no difference among the sequences of ribosomal DNA ITS of 32 strains isolated from cucumber,only 2 nucleotides mutation comparing with the sequence of the strains isolated from tomato,the similarity was 99.64%.The above results showed that the ITS sequences were highly conserved in Corynespora Güssow,the ITS sequence might be used for differential identification of species of Corynespora,the ITS sequence can distinguish different isolates of Corynespora cassiicola fromcucumber and tomato host.

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilization Levels on Yield of Cucumber,the Soil Nitrate-N Accumulation and the Soft Solution Nitrate-N Concentrations

CAI Wan tao, CHEN Fu, ZHANG Hai lin, LEI Jie, WEN Xin ya

2009, 24(3): 189-193. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2009.03.040

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The effects of different nitrogen fertilization levels on yield of cucumber, the soil nitrate2N content and the soil solution nitrate2N concentration were studied by the experiment in Tongzhou of Beijing. The results sho wed that cu2 cumber yield was highest at the N rate 260 kg/ ha, also got best gross economic returns at this N rate, it was the best N rate input. This studied evaluated the soil nitrate2N content under different nitrogen fertilization levels, the results showed that the environment capacity of the soil to N fertilizer was preliminarily determined as N 260 kg/ (ha#year).An end2of 2 season soil NO3^-2N test in the 0- 90 cm appeared tobe capable of evaluating cucumber N management practices. Nitrate N concentration in the soil solution increased as the total ofN applied to the soil.A significant relationship was found be2 tween the total mass of NO3^-2N in the 019m soil profile following harvested andthe amount ofNO3^-2N concentrations in the 019 m. It would be useful topredict the potential for nitrate(NO3^-) leaching to the drinkingwater through the amount of NO3^-2N concentrations test in the 019 m.

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Transcriptional Analyzing of Cs-ppcGenes and Their Response to Light Intensity in Cucumber Leaves

GUO Fang, TAN Zheng, LIU Xing-wang, LIU Li-ying, REN Hua-zhong

2011, 26(5): 21-24. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2011.05.005

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To study the transcription level of ppc genes in organizations of cucumber,and influences of light intensity on them in leaves,we used fluorescence quantitative PCR to detect the transcription level three cucumber ppc genes.It showed that the transcription level of Cs-ppc1 and Cs-ppc3 in many tissues were all high,while its level of Cs-ppc2 was very high in flowers and low in other tissues.By contrast,the effect of light intensity on Cs-ppc1 transcription was more obvious than the other ppc genes.Cs-ppc2′s high transcription level in flowers suggest its function in floral development,while Cs-ppc1 may play an important role in the adaption to different light intensity.

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Chilling Tolerance Physiological and CAT Gene Response Mechanism Induced by Salicylic Acid in Cucumber Seedling

WANG Lei, LIU Xing-wang, JIN Bao-yan, CHEN Ming-yuan, ZHANG Lei, REN Hua-zhong

2010, 25(3): 92-96. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2010.03.021

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Two different ecotypes cultivars cv.461 and 407 of cucumber were used under the cold stress ( ( 6 ±1) ℃, 72 h ) and spraying concentrations of salicylic acid( SA) were 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 mmol/L respectively, to study the effect of SA pretreatment on physiological characteristic and the expression of CATmRNA.The results were as follows: Spraying suitable SA can increased the activity of antioxidases( SOD,CAT and POD); The ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence( Fv/Fm) in the SA-pretreated plants was higher than those control.Northern hybridization blot analysis suggested the expression of the CAT gene in 1.0 mmol/L SA-pretreated plants was higher than control,which was the same as that of CAT activities.It is seen that SA pretreatment can increase chilling tolerance in cucumber seedling by regulating antioxidases activities and the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence, 1.00 mmol/L SA pretreatment was more effective．

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Genetic Analysis and AFLP Markers Associated to the Yellow Cotyledon Trait in Cucumber

WANG Hui-zhe, LI Shu-ju, YANG Rui-huan, GUAN Wei

2012, 27(3): 50-54. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2012.03.010

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With a F₂and BC1population derived from F₁of B180H(yellow cotyledon female)and Q12(green?cotyledon male)was used as materials to study the inheritance of yellow cotyledon color and molecular marker associated to the cotyledon yellow trait. The results indicated that the yellow cotyledon trait was controlled by a pair of?recessive gene，and the green cotyledon trait was in the mode of incomplete dominant inheritance. The polymorphism?between yellow and green cotyledon parents of cucumber were studied using BSA method and AFLP technology.?1 024 AFLP markers were screened，and a co-dominant marker E-AG/M-AAG was obtained. Sequencing of the?polymorphic fragment indicated that their lengths were 258 bp and 257 bp，respectively，and they were orthologous?sequences with an insertion /deletion or mutant of only one nucleotide. The yellow cotyledon F₂plant possessed the?258 bp fragments，and the green cotyledon F₂plants possessed the 257 bp fragments or possessed both two fragments. The marker was closely linked to the cucumber cotyledon yellow color trait-related gene，and the marker was?confirmed to be 96. 74% accurate by F₂individuals. The trait was a useful marker for hybridization and purity identification of F₁hybrids.

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Effect of CO₂ Concentrations on Photosynthetic Rate,RubisCO Activity and Respiratory Rate of the Cucumber Leaves

Yu Guohua, Man Huimin, Zhang Guoshu, Zhan Shumin, Luo Wenxi

1997, 12(4): 101-106. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.1997.04.021

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This experiment dealt with the influence of CO₂ at the concentrations of 200,350,500,700 and 1000 mg/kg on photosynthetic and respiratory rates and RubisCO activity. The results showed that the CO₂ enrichment did increase the photosynthetic rate of upper leaves of cucumber, especially under intensive light conditions. The response of photosynthetic rate to the different CO₂ concentrations appeared low at the beginning, then higher and finally lower. The respiratory rates of these leaves increased rapidly with the enrichment of CO₂, until 6 min. Later all dropped to their lowest levels despite the CO₂ concentrations, from when there was no notable effect of CO₂ concentrations on the respiratory rates. The photosynthesis rate was positively correlated with the atmospheric and intercellular CO₂ concentrations. Generally the stomatal conductance was not a factor to inhibit photosynthetic at high CO₂ concentrations. The RuBP carboxylase activity was enhanced while RuBP oxygenase activity and also the ratio of the former to the latter decreased. Nevertheless,when the CO₂ concentrations were over 500mg/kg,the activity of RuBP carboxylase increased slightly.

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Simple Bioassay Method of New Fungicide Against Botrytis cinerea-Cucumber Cotyledon Method

LiShuzheng, ZhangSuhua, LiuShufen, BaoRudi, ZhangRuixian

1991, 6(3): 94-99. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.1991.03.017

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The bioassay model of fungicide characterized by "cucumber cotyledon method" against the grey mold of cucumber caused by Botrytis cinerea has been studied. The repeatability of the experimental result is satisfactory by using this method with the chemicals procymidone and Roval.It has been found that the optimum conidium concentration for inoculation is 1×105 spores/ml, while no disease is produced with the concentration less than 1×102 spores/ml. The age of hypha has significant effect on the result of inoculation, the younger the hypha, the bigger the leaf spot induced.Approximate results have been obtained by using either macerating or spraying method, but the former seems to be even simpler in operation. The surface active agent and solvent used in testing the fungicide has no inhibition effect on B, cinerea except Nong Ru 700 and DMF.

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Correlation Between the Contents of Amino acid Suggar and Chlorophyll in Cucumber Tissue and Their Resistance to Downy Mildew of Cucumber

Yun Xingfu

1993, 8(4): 52-58. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.1993.04.011

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The contents of amino acid, sugar and chlorophyll in different cucumber varieties with different resistance to downy mildew of cucumber were tested. As a result, the contents and the kinds of amino acid in germinated seed, cotyledon and true leaves on different nodes of cucumber plant were quite different. The results showed that there were significant positive correlations between the contents of cystine, phenylalanine, NH₃and the resistance to downy mildew of cucumber, and between the contents of soluble to talsugar in cotyledon and true leaves on different nodes of a same cucumber plant and the resistance to the disease. There were a significant negative correlation between the contents of reducing sugar, the reducing sugar to total sugar ratio, chl.a and the resistance to the disease. But there was ignificant correlation between the total amounts of chlorophyll as well as chl.b and the resistance to the disease.

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Influence of Lipoic Acid on Transformation of Cucumber Cotyledon in vitro by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

WANG Ye, GU Xing-fang, ZHANG Sheng-ping, MIAO Han

https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2012.z1.010

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It's difficult to increase the transformation efficiency in cucumber． The effect of LA and AS duringtransformation of cucumber cotyledon node was investigated． The plant regenerated efficiency of cucumber was significantly increased from 28． 3 % to 86． 7% ， the transformation efficiency was 7． 5% analyzed by Southern-blotwhen 100 mg /L LA and 50 mg /L AS added in culture media and Agrobacterium liquid． Including lipoic acid in culture media during Agrobacterium transformation processes of cucumber can improve the transformation method． LAapplication in transformation has enabled the resolution of problems in cucumber: difficulty in regenerating transformed tissues and shoot escapes that limit the number of transgenic plants．

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Regeneration System Establishment from Cotyledons in Different Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L. ) Genotypes

ZHANG Ruo-wei, GU Xing-fang, WANG Ye, ZHANG Sheng-ping, ZHANG Bao-xi

2010, 25(S1): 50-54. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.20102.S1.013

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The effect of genotype and phytohormone(6-BA,ABA) were studied by using six types of cucumber cotyledon as explants in this experiment. The results showed that the shoot regeneration frequency was different among the various cucumber genotypes. Jilinhangua has the highest shoot regeneration frequency which reached 97% and 5. 2 shoots per explant cultured in M7(MS + 1. 5 mg /L 6-BA + 0. 5 mg /L ABA + 2 mg /L AgNO₃ ) medium. The number of regenerate shoot was improved in the medium containing 6-BA,ABA and AgNO₃ compared to CK,and 6-BA was necessary and ABA was efficient to the shoot regeneration. Moreover the elongation of the regenerate shoot was significant in the medium containing 0. 1 mg /L 6-BA.

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Effects of Irrigation Furrow Depth on Yield,Water Use Efficiency and Soil Quality of Cucumber in Solar Greenhouse

LIANG Geng, NING Yanmin, ZHENG Chun, LI Dong, ZHANG Zhenxian, GAO Lihong

2016, 31(S1): 282-288. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2016.S1.047

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In order to determine the optimum furrow depth of the double border deep furrow ridge for cucumber cultivation in green house by furrow irrigation under the membrane,different irrigation furrow depth,15,11,8 cm corresponding to the irrigation of 300,225,and 150 m³/ha were tested,and with the conventional furrow ridge and the irrigation of 450 m³/ha as control.The experiment investigated the yield and quality of cucumber plants Dongli 519(rootstocks:pumpkin Gaoyouliang),soil quality,and water use efficiency under the three irrigation furrow depth.The results showed that compared to the conventional irrigation,all the 3 deep furrow ridge irrigation could meet the demand of cucumber normal growth,and had no significant effect on the fruit production and quality,no obstacles on the root nutrient absorption and utilization,no influence of soil environment.In additionly,all the three irrigations significantly increased the water use efficiency.In autumn and winter crop,water-saving rates were 27.03%,40.54%,54.05% respectively;and in winter and spring crop,water-saving rates were 30.20%,45.30%,60.40% respectively.Considering yield and irrigation water use efficiency,the optimum and recommended furrow depth in deep furrow ridge mode for cucumber cultivation was 8 cm,corresponding to the irrigation of 150 m³/ha, which meet the water needs of grafting cucumber production.

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Studies on the Identification of Pathogenic Races and Integrated Control of Fusarium Wilt of Cucumber in China

Huang Zhongsheng, Yang Yuru, Zhu Xiaodan

1994, 9(4): 81-86. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.1994.04.016

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The pathogen of cucumber wilt in China was identified as Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.The existence of a pathogenic race of F.oxysporum in China was identified by the test of response to a set of varieties serving as differential hosts used by Armstrong.Results of the test indicated that the pathogenic race was different from the distinct race reported in Florida of U.S.A.,Isreal or Japan.Thus it was proposed to designate the new race as race 4The fungus-carrying seeds,when imbued with Fung meibo0.1% effective gradience)+0.1% water solution of Pingping-Jia for one hour,were disinfected with 100% efficiency.At the earlier period of th treating the roots of with 12.5% Zhi-Wei-Ling200 Fungicide,could result in 81.23-92.00% control efficiency and 34.98-46.09.

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Effects of Hot Water Treatment on LOX and PLD Activity in Cucumber

WANG Guo-ze, SHA Na, YUN Yue-ying, LI Jun-fang, WANG Wen-long, FU Wen-ju

2009, 24(6): 100-102. https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2009.06.020

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In order to study changes of PLD and LOX activity under chilling injury temperature(2℃ ),after being treated with hot water for 30 min at 38,45 and 52℃,cucumbers were stored at 2℃for 15 d.Electrolyte leakage,MDA concent,LOX and PLD activity were determined.The result showed that hot water treatment resulted in lower cell membrane permeability,reduced MDA accumulation,maintained low level of PLD and LOX activity,and 45℃for 30 min was the optimum one among three hot water treatments.

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