Effects of Planting Density of Flue-cured Tobacco on Disease and Soil Microbial Diversity in the Rainy Regions

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193994

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the effect of planting density on disease and quality of tobacco and the response characteristics of soil microorganisms in rainy regions,a field experiment was conducted in the Rainy Regions.The random block design was adopted to study the effects of different planting densities(CK was 16 650 and T₁ was 18 525 plants/ha) on yield of tobacco and soil microbial community structure during the experimental periods. Results suggested that:compared with the CK treatment,T1 treatment increased by 6.02% for the tobacco plant height,and 8.65% for yield,respectively. Compared with CK treatment,T1 treatment decreased by 15.38% for tobacco black shank,11.76% for tobacco black root rot,and 18.18% for tobacco anthracnose at the mature stage,respectively. T1 treatment increased by 1.62%for the species diversity and decreased by 0.99% for the richness of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community,increased by 3.76% for the species richness and decreased by 4.71% for the diversity of the fungal community when compared with CK treatment. The bacterial and fungal community structure of the T1 treatment was similar to that of the CK treatment,but the microbial dominant taxa in the soil samples was inconsistent. In the horizontal structure of phylum,T1 treatment relative abundance of bacteria in the soil Proteobacter,Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria,and fungal in the soil Ascomycota was higher. In the horizontal structure of genera,T1 treatment relative abundance of bacteria Sphingomonas and fungi Penicillium was significantly improved. Redundancy analysis (RDA)showed that environmental factors (sunshine duration,rainfall,and temperature)significantly affected the bacterial and fungal community structure,and the influence of soil bacterial community was rainfall>temperature>sunshine duration,the influence of soil fungal community was sunshine duration>rainfall>temperature,respectively. This study indicated that properly increasing the planting density of flue-cured tobacco in rainy regions could improve the soil microenvironment,and reduce tobacco diseases,which could improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco and increase the income of tobacco farmers.

Key words: Tobacco, Planting density, Quality, Disease, Soil microbial diversity

GUO Fan, WANG Ge, TAO Yifan, ZHANG Jintao, OUYANG Chengren. Effects of Planting Density of Flue-cured Tobacco on Disease and Soil Microbial Diversity in the Rainy Regions[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(S1): 354-361. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193994.

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Figures/Tables 9

Tab.1 PCR amplification primers

微生物Microbial	引物(5'—3') Primers(5'—3')
细菌Bacteria	F:ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG
(V3+V4)	R:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT
真菌Fungi	F:CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA
(ITS1+ITS2)	R:GCTGCGTTCATCGATGC

Fig.1 Climatic characteristics of the Puer region from May to October

Tab.2 Effects of agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco under different planting densities

处理 Treatment	行株距 Row and plant spacing	株高/cm Plant height	茎围/cm Stem girth	叶长/cm Leaf length	叶宽/cm Leaf width	有效叶数 Number of effective leaves
CK	120 cm×50 cm	44.18±5.89b	5.64±0.67b	48.92±4.69a	22.22±2.63a	9.8±1.6a
T1	120 cm×45 cm	46.84±0.42a	5.96±0.35a	46.80±4.24b	20.58±0.91b	9.4±0.6b

Fig.2 Effects of plant diseases under different planting densities Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level.

Tab.3 Effects of yield of tobacco under different planting densities

处理 Treatment	行株距 Row and plant spacing	产量/ (kg/hm²) Capacity	中上等烟比例/% Proportion of middle and upper class cigarettes
CK	120 cm×50 cm	2 463±53b	85.64±1.20a
T1	120 cm×45 cm	2 676±41a	86.27±2.30a

Fig.3 Alpha-diverse of bacterial and fungal communities of roasted tobacco at different planting densities (OTUs) A and B are differences in bacterial community structure;C and D are differences in fungal community structure. Different lowercase letters indicate the same period the period there was a significant difference at 0.05 level.

Fig.4 Differences in NMDS model bacterial and fungal community structure of soil microorganisms at different planting densities

Fig.5 Phylum level and genus level species composition of soil bacterial and fungal community structure at different planting densities A and B show the phylum level community structure of bacteria and fungi at planting density,and C and D show the genus level community structure of bacteria and fungi at planting density.

Fig.6 Redundancy analysis of roasted tobacco inter-root soil physicochemical properties and bacterial and fungal communities (phylum level) A and B show the relationship between bacterial and fungal communities and environmental variables for planting density. Solid lines represent soil chemical properties and dashed lines represent bacterial species groups;RF. Rainfall;T.Temperature;L.Sunshine duration.

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