Effects of Organic Fertilizer Instead of Chemical Fertilizer on Yield,Quality and Nitrogen Efficiency of Wheat

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193206

Abstract

Abstract:

It explored the ratio of organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer in the piedmont plain of Hebei Province,in order to provide a basis for reducing the amount and increasing the efficiency of nitrogen in wheat in this area.Field experiments were carried out in Boyuan farm in Yongnian,Hebei Province for two consecutive years,and five organic and inorganic fertilizer combination treatments were set up.The results showed that organic fertilizer instead of 20% and 40% chemical fertilizer could significantly improve the number of grains per spike and yield.Compared with the high nitrogen and saving nitrogen treatment of single chemical fertilizer application,the yield increased by more than 4.0%,and the number of grains per spike increased by 3.6—5.6.Most of the grain quality indexes for organic fertilizer instead of 20% and 40% chemical fertilizer treatment,and saving nitrogen treatment were better,and the stabilization time increased by 2.2—2.7 min,the tensile area increased by 10.5—17.5 cm²,and the maximum tensile resistance increased by 28.0—75.5 EU.Various nitrogen efficiency indicators of treatment for organic fertilizer instead of 20% were higher.The nitrogen fertilizer efficiency,nitrogen utilization efficiency,and nitrogen harvest index increased 109.3%,9.3% and 11.3% respectively compared with high nitrogen treatment,and 6.9%,8.5% and 8.3% respectively compared with the saving nitrogen treatment.When organic fertilizer replaced chemical fertilizer in different proportions,nitrate nitrogen in 0—20 cm soil appeared "surface accumulation",and the content of nitrate nitrogen increased,which was more than 38.5% higher than that of the saving nitrogen treatment.The nitrate nitrogen in 20—40 cm soil was significantly higher for the saving nitrogen treatment and the high nitrogen application treatment.Organic fertilizer instead of 20% nitrogen fertilizer treatment had the best yield and grain quality,significantly improve the nitrate nitrogen content in 0—40 cm soil,improve the nitrogen absorption and utilization of wheat,and finally obtain higher environmental benefits.

Key words: Wheat, Organic fertilizer, Chemical fertilizer, Yield, Grain quality

LÜ Lihua, YAO Haipo, CAO Zhimin, ZHANG Jingting, YAO Yanrong, JIA Xiuling. Effects of Organic Fertilizer Instead of Chemical Fertilizer on Yield,Quality and Nitrogen Efficiency of Wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(6): 166-172. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193206.

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References 28

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处理 Treatments	纯氮 Nitrogen	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	化肥Chemical fertilizer
处理 Treatments	纯氮 Nitrogen	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	尿素 Urea	过磷酸钙 Calcium superphosphate	氯化钾 Potassium chloride
T1	300	0	652	196	150
T2	150	0	326	196	150
T3	150	1 210	261	189	131
T4	150	2 420	196	181	111
T5	150	3 630	130	174	92

处理 Treatments	纯氮 Nitrogen	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	化肥Chemical fertilizer
处理 Treatments	纯氮 Nitrogen	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	尿素 Urea	过磷酸钙 Calcium superphosphate	氯化钾 Potassium chloride
T1	300	0	652	196	150
T2	150	0	326	196	150
T3	150	1 210	261	189	131
T4	150	2 420	196	181	111
T5	150	3 630	130	174	92

处理 Treatments	穗数/(×10⁴/hm²) Spike number	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒质量/g Thousand grain weight	产量/(kg/hm²) Grain yield	经济系数 Harvest index
T1	612.7±35.4a	30.4±0.6b	46.0±0.4a	8 622.8±348.1b	35.6±1.4c
T2	560.3±8.5b	30.6±0.8b	47.8±1.3a	8 704.2±140.6b	35.5±1.2c
T3	553.6±15.0b	34.2±1.1a	46.6±1.5a	9 107.7±270.8a	39.0±3.0a
T4	551.9±23.4b	36.0±0.3a	46.1±0.6a	9 042.9±110.4a	37.9±2.9ab
T5	553.6±26.9b	33.8±0.7b	45.7±0.6ab	8 577.5±378.5bc	36.8±1.3ab

处理 Treatments	穗数/(×10⁴/hm²) Spike number	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒质量/g Thousand grain weight	产量/(kg/hm²) Grain yield	经济系数 Harvest index
T1	612.7±35.4a	30.4±0.6b	46.0±0.4a	8 622.8±348.1b	35.6±1.4c
T2	560.3±8.5b	30.6±0.8b	47.8±1.3a	8 704.2±140.6b	35.5±1.2c
T3	553.6±15.0b	34.2±1.1a	46.6±1.5a	9 107.7±270.8a	39.0±3.0a
T4	551.9±23.4b	36.0±0.3a	46.1±0.6a	9 042.9±110.4a	37.9±2.9ab
T5	553.6±26.9b	33.8±0.7b	45.7±0.6ab	8 577.5±378.5bc	36.8±1.3ab

处理 Treatments	14%湿基湿面筋/(g/kg) 14% wet gluten	沉淀值/mL Precipitation value	稳定时间/min Stabilization time	拉伸面积/cm² Tensile area	最大拉伸阻力/EU Maximum tensile resistance
T1	2.98±0.19ab	37.0±0.3ab	14.0±0.9b	106.5±2.9ab	587.0±20.2c
T2	3.07±0.30a	37.8±1.5a	16.2±1.1a	110.0±6.7a	648.0±38.6a
T3	3.08±0.24a	37.9±1.9a	16.4±1.6a	113.0±3.4a	624.0±32.7a
T4	3.05±0.27a	39.0±0.9a	16.7±2.2a	106.0±6.6ab	615.0±24.6ab
T5	3.03±0.16a	38.5±1.5a	16.3±2.1a	95.5±5.4c	572.5±22.1c

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