Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction and Dicyandiamide on Acidification and Nitrification of Red Soil

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196122

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of nitrogen(N)reduction and the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide(DCD)on mitigating soil acidification in red soil regions of Southern China,a pakchoi pot experiment was conducted with four N management treatments:no fertilizer(NF),conventional fertilizer(CF),reduced N fertilizer(NFR),and conventional fertilizer plus DCD(CF+DCD).Soil physicochemical properties,nitrification potential(NP),and amoA gene abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)and bacteria(AOB)were measured.The results showed that,compared with CF(pH 4.25;NH₄⁺-N 97.6 mg/kg;NO₃^--N 46.6 mg/kg),NFR and DCD application significantly increased soil pH by 0.21 and 0.42,respectively,increased NH₄⁺-N content by 13.0 and 27.5 mg/kg, and decreased NO₃^--N content by 22.8 and 44.9 mg/kg. Relative to CF(NP:20.68 mg/(kg·d)), NFR did not significantly alter NP,whereas CF+DCD significantly reduced NP by 20.3 mg/(kg·d).AOA and AOB amoA abundances differed significantly among treatments:compared with CF(AOA:1.33×10⁵copies/g;AOB:34.55×10⁵copies/g), NFR and DCD significantly increased AOA-amoA abundance by 125.56% and 353.08%, and significantly decreased AOB-amoA abundance by 25.64% and 97.83%,respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that AOA-amoA abundance was highly significantly negatively correlated with exchangeable H⁺and Al³⁺acidity and with apparent nitrification rate, and significantly positively correlated with soil pH. In contrast,AOB-amoA abundance exhibited highly significant positive correlations with nitrification potential, apparent nitrification rate,and NO₃^--N content,and a highly significant negative correlation with soil pH.In conclusion,NFR and DCD application alleviated soil acidification by increasing pH and reducing exchangeable acidity.This effect was primarily achieved through suppression of AOB abundance and nitrification activity,thereby reducing the potential environmental risk of nitrate accumulation.DCD exhibited superior performance,highlighting its application value for ameliorating soil acidification.

Key words: Red soil, Soil acidification, Nitrogen regulation, Nitrification inhibitor, Acidification mitigation

CLC Number:

S143化学肥料

LIU Hao, SUN Mei, SUN Geng, WANG Hua, ZHENG Yong, LUO Zunzhang, MA Jiacheng, LONG Zedong. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction and Dicyandiamide on Acidification and Nitrification of Red Soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(5): 199-207. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196122.

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References 47

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功能基因 Functional gene	引物 Primer	序列(5'—3') Sequence(5'—3')	反应程序 Reaction procedure
氨氧化古菌	amoA-F	STAATGGTCTGGCTTAGACG	95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性 30 s,58 ℃退火
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA)	amoA-R	GCGGCCATCCATCTGTATGT	30 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,35个循环;72 ℃延伸10 min
氨氧化细菌	amoA-1F	GGGGTTTCTACTGGTGGT	95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,58 ℃退火
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)	amoA-2R	CCCCTCKGSAAAGCCTTCTTC	30 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,35个循环;72 ℃延伸10 min

功能基因 Functional gene	引物 Primer	序列(5'—3') Sequence(5'—3')	反应程序 Reaction procedure
氨氧化古菌	amoA-F	STAATGGTCTGGCTTAGACG	95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性 30 s,58 ℃退火
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA)	amoA-R	GCGGCCATCCATCTGTATGT	30 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,35个循环;72 ℃延伸10 min
氨氧化细菌	amoA-1F	GGGGTTTCTACTGGTGGT	95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,58 ℃退火
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)	amoA-2R	CCCCTCKGSAAAGCCTTCTTC	30 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,35个循环;72 ℃延伸10 min

处理 Treatment	pH	交换性H⁺含量/(cmol/kg) Exchangeable H⁺ content	交换性Al³⁺含量/(cmol/kg) Exchangeable Al³⁺ content	交换性酸含量/(cmol/kg) Exchangeable acidity content
NF	4.59±0.05a	3.81±0.02a	0.60±0.01a	4.41±0.03a
CF	4.25±0.02c	3.81±0.03a	0.57±0.05a	4.37±0.08a
NFR	4.46±0.02b	3.43±0.02c	0.49±0.04b	3.92±0.06b
CF+DCD	4.67±0.08a	3.53±0.03b	0.30±0.02c	3.83±0.08b

处理 Treatment	pH	交换性H⁺含量/(cmol/kg) Exchangeable H⁺ content	交换性Al³⁺含量/(cmol/kg) Exchangeable Al³⁺ content	交换性酸含量/(cmol/kg) Exchangeable acidity content
NF	4.59±0.05a	3.81±0.02a	0.60±0.01a	4.41±0.03a
CF	4.25±0.02c	3.81±0.03a	0.57±0.05a	4.37±0.08a
NFR	4.46±0.02b	3.43±0.02c	0.49±0.04b	3.92±0.06b
CF+DCD	4.67±0.08a	3.53±0.03b	0.30±0.02c	3.83±0.08b

处理 Treatment	交换性钾含量 Exchangeable K⁺ content	交换性钠含量 Exchangeable Na⁺ content	交换性钙含量 Exchangeable Ca²⁺ content	交换性镁含量 Exchangeable Mg²⁺ content	盐基离子总量 Base cation saturation
NF	0.57±0.01c	0.19±0.02bc	1.46±0.01c	0.57±0.01c	2.79±0.03d
CF	0.95±0.03a	0.26±0.00a	1.86±0.01a	0.64±0.01a	3.71±0.02a
NFR	0.92±0.01a	0.21±0.01b	1.54±0.02b	0.59±0.01b	3.26±0.03b
CF+DCD	0.88±0.02b	0.17±0.00c	1.45±0.03c	0.59±0.01b	3.09±0.02c

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