Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Microbial Biomass Carbon,Nitrogen and Enzyme Activities in Upland Red Soil

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193875

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the effects of long-term different fertilization on soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and enzyme activity of double cropping maize in Southern China.Based on a 35 a long-term located experiment in dryland red soil in Jinxian,Jiangxi Province,four treatments including no fertilizer(CK),chemical fertilizer(NPK),chemical fertilizer and fresh pig manure(NPKM),and fresh pig manure(OM).The soil nutrients,microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and enzyme activities were measured in the 0—20 cm,20—40 cm soil layers at the maturity of double cropping maize and the correlations between them were analyzed.Results showed that long-term fertilization(NPK,NPKM and OM)significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and enzyme activity.During the spring maize period,the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content of fertilization treatment compared with CK increased by 67.05%—159.15% and 3.33%—62.37% in the 0—40 cm soil layer.And the activities of catalase,phosphomonoesterase,urease and sucrase increased by 0.22%—79.71%,9.82%—59.51%,8.73%—82.37%,66.67%—538.89%,respectively.During the autumn maize period,the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content of fertilization treatment compared with CK increased by 36.30%—136.72% and 17.09%—47.29% in the 0—40 cm soil layer.And the activities of catalase,phosphomonoesterase,urease and sucrase increased by 7.41%—74.55%,22.69%—57.39%,18.85%—58.98% and 51.70%—216.67%,respectively.Among them,the NPKM treatment had the best improvement effect.In general,soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and enzyme activity in 0—20 cm soil layer were higher than in 20—40 cm soil layer,and the soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and enzyme activity in autumn maize period were higher than those in spring maize period.NPKM and OM treatments also significantly increased soil pH,organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available phosphorus,available nitrogen and available potassium.After long-term application of organic fertilizer,soil phosphorus accumulation was obvious,while NPK treatment accelerated soil acidification.All treatments could significantly increase maize yield(P<0.05). Compared with CK, it increased by 1.04—15.07 times. In conclusion,organic-inorganic application(NPKM)is the best fertilization measure to enhance soil nutrients,microbial biomass,enzyme activity and yield.

Key words: Maize, Long-term fertilization, Upland red soil, Microbial biomass, Enzyme activity

LIN Xiaobing, LIU Kailou, HUANG Shangshu, HE Shaolang, XU Xiaolin, ZHOU Qina, ZHONG Yijun. Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Microbial Biomass Carbon,Nitrogen and Enzyme Activities in Upland Red Soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(4): 119-128. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193875.

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Figures/Tables 7

Tab.1 Long-term fertilization test system of upland red soil

编号 Code	处理 Treatment	单季施肥量/(kg/hm²) Fertilizer amount in one season
编号 Code	处理 Treatment	尿素 Urea	过磷酸钙 Calcium superphosphate	氯化钾 Potassium chloride	鲜猪粪 Fresh pig manure
CK	不施肥	0	0	0	0
NPK	化肥	130	188	95	0
NPKM	化肥和鲜猪粪配施	130	188	95	15 000
OM	单施鲜猪粪	0	0	0	15 000

Fig.1 Effects of long-term fertilization on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen under double cropping maize system in upland red soil Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant differences between treatments in the same soil layer,P<0.05.The same as Fig.2—4.

Fig.2 Effect of long-term fertilization on soil enzyme activity under double cropping maize system in upland red soil

Fig.3 Effect of long-term fertilization on soil nutrients under double cropping maize system in upland red soil

Fig.4 Effect of long-term fertilization on double-crop maize yields

Fig.5 Correlation of soil nutrients with soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and enzyme activity The values in the figure are correlation coefficient,^*,^** and ^*** indicate significant differences at the 0.05,0.01 and 0.001 levels.

Tab.2 Correlation between maize yield and soil nutrients,microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen content and enzyme activity

项目 Item	春玉米产量 Spring maize yield	秋玉米产量 Autumn maize yield
pH	0.84^***	0.75^**
有机碳Organic carbon	0.95^***	0.93^***
全氮Total nitrogen	0.90^***	0.93^***
全磷Total phosphorus	0.92^***	0.91^***
全钾Total potassium	0.77^**	0.62^*
碱解氮Alkaline nitrogen	0.83^***	0.93^***
有效磷Available phosphorus	0.94^***	0.92^***
速效钾Available potassium	0.89^***	0.76^**
微生物量碳Microbial biomass carbon	0.93^***	0.90^***
微生物量氮Microbial biomass nitrogen	0.94^***	0.86^***
磷酸单脂酶Phospholipase	0.79^**	0.76^**
蔗糖酶Sucrase	0.77^**	0.93^***
脲酶Urease	0.84^***	0.85^***
过氧化氢酶Catalase	0.84^***	0.79^**

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