Effects of Combined Application of Bio-organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Canopy Characteristics and Yield of Sesame

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195882

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to find out the way to achieve further improvement in the yield of sesame,a field experiment was conducted using the sesame variety Yuzhi ND837 with two treatments application of three-nutrient compound fertilizer (M1:675 kg/ha) and co-application of three-nutrient compound fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer (M2:405 kg/ha three-nutrient compound fertilizer+4 500 kg/ha bio-organic fertilizer).The study investigated the effects of organic-chemical fertilizer co-application on the canopy photosynthetic characteristics,and yield formation across different vertical layers of sesame canopy.The results demonstrated that M2 significantly increased the leaf area index at all canopy levels,enhanced the photosynthetically active radiation interception rate (PARi) in the upper and middle layer while reducing the PARi of the lower leaves.The M2 significantly improved the photosynthetic rate,SPAD values,and photosynthetic potential at all canopy levels,thereby significantly increasing dry matter accumulation in each layer and overall. This resulted in increases of 10.99% and 7.55% in the number of capsules per plant in the upper and middle layers respectively;increases of 5.69% and 4.96% in thousand-grain weight;increases of 16.77% and 10.61%in grain yield;and a total yield increase of 289.42 kg/ha,representing 14.43% increase.In conclusion,compared to conventional chemical fertilizer,the co-application of organic-chemical fertilizer optimizes the photosynthetic capacity of sesame at different canopy layers,particularly in the upper canopy,thereby enhancing the overall canopy photosynthetic efficiency and ultimately resulting in higher yields.

Key words: Sesame, Bio-organic fertilizer, Leaf area index, Photosynthetically active radiation interception rate, Canopy characteristics

CLC Number:

S565.3

DAI Jin, ZHENG Feina, ZHANG Xianmei, ZHENG Lei, YANG Senyao, GAO Tongmei. Effects of Combined Application of Bio-organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Canopy Characteristics and Yield of Sesame[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(6): 152-159. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195882.

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Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Air temperature and precipitation during sesame growing seasons in 2024

Fig.2 The leaf area index of sesame at initial flowering and full flowering stages under different fertilization methods Different letters in the figure indicate significant difference(P<0.05).The same as Fig.3—7.

Fig.3 The interception rate of photosynthetically active radiation of sesame at initial flowering and full flowering stages under different fertilization methods

Fig.4 Net photosynthesis rate of sesame at initial flowering and full flowering stages under different fertilization methods

Fig.5 SPAD value of sesame at initial flowering and full flowering stages under different fertilization methods

Fig.6 Photosynthetic potential of sesame at initial flowering and full flowering stages under different fertilization methods

Tab.1 Dry matter accumulation per plant of aboveground parts of sesame under different fertilization methods g

施肥方式 Fertilization method	植株部位 Plant part	初花期 Initial-flowering stage	盛花初期 Early full-bloom stage	盛花中期 Mid full-bloom stage	盛花末期 Late full-bloom stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
M1	t	6.29±0.57e	18.25±1.32d	28.93±2.15c	34.98±2.56d	37.98±2.81d
	m	6.93±0.49e	12.89±1.05ef	18.23±1.47d	24.88±1.83f	25.80±1.96f
	g	8.60±0.63d	8.74±0.71g	10.16±0.89f	11.11±1.02h	11.12±1.05h
	单株	21.81±1.74b	39.88±2.95b	57.32±3.86b	70.96±4.52b	74.90±4.78b
M2	t	7.59±0.68d	21.57±1.58c	33.34±2.41c	40.66±2.98c	44.16±3.25c
	m	7.98±0.56d	14.57±1.13e	20.17±1.62d	27.45±2.05e	29.50±2.21e
	g	9.69±0.75c	9.88±0.84fg	11.51±0.97e	12.84±1.15g	13.78±1.23g
	单株	25.26±1.98a	46.02±3.42a	65.02±4.37a	80.24±5.16a	86.44±5.43a

Tab.2 Sesame yield and its components of each part under different fertilization methods

施肥方式 Fertilization method	植株部位 Plant part	单株蒴数 Capsules number per plant	蒴粒数 Kernel number per capsule	千粒质量/g Thousand grains weight	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield
M1	t	59.88±4.26b	60.16±3.85b	2.46±0.15b	1 243.24±89.66b
	m	30.18±2.78d	69.89±4.12a	2.62±0.17ab	762.05±61.38d
M2	t	66.46±4.73a	62.62±3.98b	2.60±0.16ab	1 451.77±102.45a
	m	32.46±3.01c	70.53±4.36a	2.75±0.19a	842.94±67.52c

Fig.7 Total dry matter accumulation of aboveground part,yield and harvest index under different fertilization methods at sesame maturity stage

Fig.8 Correlation analysis among indexes of sesame under different fertilization methods X₁.Yield;X₂.Capsules number per plant;X₃.Kernel number per capsule;X₄.Thousand grain weight;X₅.Dry matter accumulation of initial-flowering stage;X₆.Dry matter accumulation of early full-bloom stage;X₇.Dry matter accumulation of mid full-bloom stage;X₈.Dry matter accumulation of late full-bloom stage;X₉.Dry matter accumulation of maturity stage;X₁₀.Harvest index;X₁₁.Harvest index of initial-flowering stage;X₁₂.Harvest index of early full-bloom stage;X₁₃.Harvest index of mid full-bloom stage;X₁₄.Harvest index of late full-bloom stage;X₁₅.Interception rate of photosynthetically active radiation of initial-flowering stage;X₁₆.Interception rate of photosynthetically active radiation of early full-bloom stage;X₁₇.Interception rate of photosynthetically active radiation of mid full-bloom stage;X₁₈.Interception rate of photosynthetically active radiation of late full-bloom stage;X₁₉.Net photosynthesis rate of initial-flowering stage;X₂₀.Net photosynthesis rate of early full-bloom stage;X₂₁.Net photosynthesis rate of mid full-bloom stage;X₂₂.Net photosynthesis rate of late full-bloom stage;X₂₃.SPAD value of initial-flowering stage;X₂₄.SPAD value of early full-bloom stage;X₂₅.SPAD value of mid full-bloom stage;X₂₆.SPAD value of late full-bloom stage;X₂₇.Photosynthetic potential of initial-flowering stage;X₂₈.Photosynthetic potential of early full-bloom stage;X₂₉.Photosynthetic potential of mid full-bloom stage;X₃₀.Photosynthetic potential of late full-bloom stage.^*indicates P≤0.05;^**indicates P≤0.01;^*** indicates P≤0.001.

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