Soil Bacterial Community Characteristics and Ecological Function Prediction at Different Rice Growth Stages

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193000

Abstract

Abstract:

Tillering stage and jointing—booting stage are important for the formation of panicle number and spikelets per panicle of rice,respectively.Nitrogen application affects the formation of panicle number and spikelet per panicle.Bacteria involve in soil nitrogen cycle.Two high-yield rice varieties,Y Liangyou 900 and Zaofengyou 69,were used to study the difference of soil bacterial number and community structure between tillering stage and jointing—booting stage,and the relationship between them and soil nitrogen,rice yield under two application ratios of nitrogen fertilizer(7:3 and 6:4 application ratios of basic tiller fertilizer to panicle-spikelet fertilizer).The results showed that there were significant differences in the structures of dominant bacterial groups in paddy soil between the tillering stage and jointing—booting stage,which were mainly Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria.The relative abundance of Chloroflexi at the tillering stage was 6.16 percent points higher than that at the jointing—booting stage.The relative abundance of Acidobacteria at the tillering stage was 2.65 percent points higher than that at the jointing—booting stage.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria at the jointing—booting stage was 0.69 percent points higher than that at the tilling stage.The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes at the jointing—booting stage was 1.09 percent points higher than that at the tillering stage.The results of correlation analysis showed that rice yield was significantly negatively correlated with the number of soil bacteria at the tillering stage,but significantly positively correlated with the number of bacteria and total nitrogen content in the soil at the jointing—booting stage.There was a significant positive correlation between the number of effective panicles and the number of soil bacteria at the tillering stage.The number of spikelets per panicle was significantly positively correlated with the ammonia oxidation potential at the tillering stage and the jointing—booting stage.Redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that the bacterial community structures were affected by many factors.The contents of soil ammonium nitrogen and the ammonia oxidation potential were the main factors affecting the bacterial community structures at the tillering stage and the jointing—booting stage,respectively.The function prediction of FAPROTAX further indicated that the denitrification in the 7:3 treatment at the tillering stage was enhanced,especially in the soil of Y Liangyou 900.Therefore,increasing the number of soil bacteria at the tillering stage could enhance the number of effective panicles.Ammonia oxidation involved by soil bacteria at the jointing—booting stage can promote the increase of spikelets per panicle in rice.For the high-yielding rice varieties,Y Liangyou 900 and Zaofengyou 69 under different nitrogen application ratios,the formation of yield,effective panicle number and spikelets per panicle is closely related to soil bacterial number,community composition and ecological function.

Key words: Paddy soil, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, Bacterial community structure, Yield, Yield components, Growth stage

CHEN Qiuyuan, ZHAO Shuaibing, LIANG He, LIU Ye, CUI Yanni, PENG Ting, ZHAO Quanzhi, ZHANG Jing. Soil Bacterial Community Characteristics and Ecological Function Prediction at Different Rice Growth Stages[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(5): 140-149. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193000.

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URL: http://www.hbnxb.net/EN/10.7668/hbnxb.20193000

http://www.hbnxb.net/EN/Y2022/V37/I5/140

Figures/Tables 9

Tab.1 Changes in the content of soil biochemical factors in different treatments

时期 Stage	水稻品种 Rice variety	氮肥处理 N treatment	氨氧化潜势/ (mg/kg) AOP	硝化强度/ (mg/kg) NC	硝态氮/ (mg/kg) N $O 3 -$ -N	铵态氮/ (mg/kg) N $H 4 +$ -N	全氮/ (g/kg) TN	细菌数量/ (×10⁵ cfu/g) No. of bacteria
分蘖期	Y两优900	6:4	1.09±0.24b	6.21±0.22c	3.45±0.71a	20.22±3.60a	1.38±0.39ab	78.32±9.68b
Tillering stage		7:3	1.34±0.06b	6.59±0.44bc	2.33±1.26a	15.07±2.52b	1.72±0.06a	103.33±4.85a
	早丰优69	6:4	1.92±0.15b	7.91±0.87ab	4.19±1.34a	19.66±0.52a	1.15±0.31b	70.20±7.62b
		7:3	4.00±1.62a	9.48±1.35a	2.78±1.42a	14.99±1.54b	1.42±0.13ab	80.84±2.69b
拔节—孕穗期	Y两优900	6:4	1.20±0.05b	7.78±0.23a	1.64±0.58ab	8.88±0.67c	0.69±0.23bc	74.12±8.93c
Jointing—booting		7:3	1.12±0.07b	7.76±0.22a	1.31±0.26b	8.80±0.48c	0.65±0.25c	79.68±1.85bc
stage	早丰优69	6:4	1.58±0.22a	5.58±0.71b	1.64±0.67ab	12.28±0.24a	1.07±0.19ab	87.17±2.18b
		7:3	1.71±0.08a	5.93±1.17b	2.57±0.31a	10.36±0.66b	1.17±0.18a	117.95±5.09a
F值 F value	时期		8.11^*	6.19^*	13.67^**	114.07^**	29.01^**	6.96^*
	品种		21.58^**	0.21	2.65	2.43	0.95	4.34
	氮肥		6.11^*	3.23	1.67	18.17^**	3.06	52.47^**
	时期×氮肥		5.67^*	1.65	4.30	7.96^*	2.00	0.01
	时期×品种		6.78^*	46.52^**	0.02	4.06	14.06^**	67.96^**
	氮肥×品种		4.48^*	1.52	0.41	0.24	0.03	1.19
	时期×氮肥×品种		2.82	0.42	1.04	0.70	0.26	15.85^**

Tab.1 Changes in the content of soil biochemical factors in different treatments

时期 Stage	水稻品种 Rice variety	氮肥处理 N treatment	氨氧化潜势/ (mg/kg) AOP	硝化强度/ (mg/kg) NC	硝态氮/ (mg/kg) N $O 3 -$ -N	铵态氮/ (mg/kg) N $H 4 +$ -N	全氮/ (g/kg) TN	细菌数量/ (×10⁵ cfu/g) No. of bacteria
分蘖期	Y两优900	6:4	1.09±0.24b	6.21±0.22c	3.45±0.71a	20.22±3.60a	1.38±0.39ab	78.32±9.68b
Tillering stage		7:3	1.34±0.06b	6.59±0.44bc	2.33±1.26a	15.07±2.52b	1.72±0.06a	103.33±4.85a
	早丰优69	6:4	1.92±0.15b	7.91±0.87ab	4.19±1.34a	19.66±0.52a	1.15±0.31b	70.20±7.62b
		7:3	4.00±1.62a	9.48±1.35a	2.78±1.42a	14.99±1.54b	1.42±0.13ab	80.84±2.69b
拔节—孕穗期	Y两优900	6:4	1.20±0.05b	7.78±0.23a	1.64±0.58ab	8.88±0.67c	0.69±0.23bc	74.12±8.93c
Jointing—booting		7:3	1.12±0.07b	7.76±0.22a	1.31±0.26b	8.80±0.48c	0.65±0.25c	79.68±1.85bc
stage	早丰优69	6:4	1.58±0.22a	5.58±0.71b	1.64±0.67ab	12.28±0.24a	1.07±0.19ab	87.17±2.18b
		7:3	1.71±0.08a	5.93±1.17b	2.57±0.31a	10.36±0.66b	1.17±0.18a	117.95±5.09a
F值 F value	时期		8.11^*	6.19^*	13.67^**	114.07^**	29.01^**	6.96^*
	品种		21.58^**	0.21	2.65	2.43	0.95	4.34
	氮肥		6.11^*	3.23	1.67	18.17^**	3.06	52.47^**
	时期×氮肥		5.67^*	1.65	4.30	7.96^*	2.00	0.01
	时期×品种		6.78^*	46.52^**	0.02	4.06	14.06^**	67.96^**
	氮肥×品种		4.48^*	1.52	0.41	0.24	0.03	1.19
	时期×氮肥×品种		2.82	0.42	1.04	0.70	0.26	15.85^**

Tab.2 Rice yield and yield components in different treatments

水稻品种 Rice variety	氮肥处理 N treatment	有效穗数/ (万穗/hm²) No. of effective panicles	穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率/% Seed-setting rate	千粒质量/g 1000-grain weight	产量/ (t/hm²) Yield
Y两优900	6:4	212.92±13.50a	188.53±20.36c	75.13±2.66b	23.13±0.47a	10.98±1.23ab
Y Liangyou 900	7:3	229.98±6.43a	185.55±10.93c	74.69±3.64b	22.90±0.12a	10.81±0.66b
早丰优69	6:4	225.17±25.03a	221.05±8.22b	83.31±1.88a	22.68±0.11a	11.80±0.53ab
Zaofengyou 69	7:3	234.00±23.03a	248.84±22.54a	83.67±1.94a	22.77±0.47a	11.96±0.26a
F值 F value	品种	0.08	33.16^**	53.29^**	3.65	7.41^*
	氮肥	2.99	0.74	0.01	0.20	0.61
	品种×氮肥	1.52	1.68	0.12	1.07	0.67

Tab.3 Correlation analysis between soil biochemistry indexes and yield,its components

指标 Index	生育时期 Stage	有效穗数 No. of effective panicles	穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	产量 Yield
细菌数量	分蘖期	0.61^*	-0.41	-0.65^*
No. of bacteria	拔节—孕穗期	0.14	0.52	0.62^*
氨氧化潜势	分蘖期	0.16	0.64^*	0.36
AOP	拔节—孕穗期	-0.10	0.65^*	0.32
硝化强度	分蘖期	0.26	0.57	0.49
NC	拔节—孕穗期	-0.02	-0.35	-0.53
硝态氮	分蘖期	-0.40	0.03	0.04
N $O 3 -$ -N	拔节—孕穗期	-0.29	0.47	0.22
铵态氮	分蘖期	-0.20	0.01	-0.07
N $H 4 +$ -N	拔节—孕穗期	0.11	0.53	0.28
全氮	分蘖期	0.06	-0.69^*	-0.10
TN	拔节—孕穗期	-0.02	0.43	0.64^*

Tab.3 Correlation analysis between soil biochemistry indexes and yield,its components

指标 Index	生育时期 Stage	有效穗数 No. of effective panicles	穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	产量 Yield
细菌数量	分蘖期	0.61^*	-0.41	-0.65^*
No. of bacteria	拔节—孕穗期	0.14	0.52	0.62^*
氨氧化潜势	分蘖期	0.16	0.64^*	0.36
AOP	拔节—孕穗期	-0.10	0.65^*	0.32
硝化强度	分蘖期	0.26	0.57	0.49
NC	拔节—孕穗期	-0.02	-0.35	-0.53
硝态氮	分蘖期	-0.40	0.03	0.04
N $O 3 -$ -N	拔节—孕穗期	-0.29	0.47	0.22
铵态氮	分蘖期	-0.20	0.01	-0.07
N $H 4 +$ -N	拔节—孕穗期	0.11	0.53	0.28
全氮	分蘖期	0.06	-0.69^*	-0.10
TN	拔节—孕穗期	-0.02	0.43	0.64^*

Fig.1 Principal coordinate analysis of bacterial community structures in paddy soils of different treatments Y.Y Liangyou 900;Z.Zaofengyou 69;T.Tillering stage; J.Jointing—booting stage.The same as Fig.2—5.

Fig.2 Relative abundance of dominant bacteria at phyla/class level in paddy soils of different treatments Y-6:4.Y Liangyou 900 treated with nitrogen fertilizer ratio of 6:4;Z-6:4.Zaofengyou 69 treated with nitrogen fertilizer ratio of 6:4;Y-7:3.Y Liangyou 900 treated with nitrogen fertilizer ratio of 7:3;Z-7:3.Zaofengyou 69 treated with nitrogen fertilizer ratio of 7:3.Others represents the rest of soil bacteria except the top 10 bacteria in the relative abundance.Data of Proteobacteria are used at class level due to its high abundance,and the rests are used at phylum level.

Fig.3 The overlap and taxonomic composition of ASVs enriched at phylum level under different treatments A.ASVs enriched in the soil of Y Liangyou 900 in the two periods;B.Composition of ASVs enriched in the soil of Y Liangyou 900 in the two periods;C.ASVs enriched in the soil of Zaofengyou 69 in the two stages;D.Composition of ASVs enriched in the soil of Zaofengyou 69 in the two stages;E.ASVs enriched in the soil at the jointing—booting stage;F.Composition of ASVs enriched in the soil at the jointing—booting stage;G.ASVs enriched in the soil at the tillering stage;H.Composition of ASVs enriched in the soil at the tillering stage.

Fig.4 Redundancy analysis of environmental factors and dominant bacterial communities in paddy soils of different treatments A.RDA analysis of environmental factors and community structure of soil bacteria at tillering stage;B.RDA analysis of environmental factors and community structure of soil bacteria at jointing—booting stage;C.RDA analysis of environmental factors and community structure of soil bacteria of Y Liangyou 900;D.RDA analysis of environmental factors and community structure of soil bacteria of Zaofengyou 69.

Tab.4 Explanation rate of environmental factors on the dominant bacterial communities in paddy soils of different treatments%

处理 Treatment	氨氧化潜势 AOP	硝化强度 NC	硝态氮 N $O 3 -$ -N	铵态氮 N $H 4 +$ -N	全氮 TN
分蘖期Tillering stage	15.88	22.01	12.19	35.64^**	14.28
拔节—孕穗期Jointing—booting stage	29.57^*	18.75	19.79	15.92	15.97
Y两优900 Y Liangyou 900	2.17	54.33	16.23	9.75	17.52
早丰优69 Zaofengyou 69	4.76	25.62	9.17	45.69	14.76

Tab.4 Explanation rate of environmental factors on the dominant bacterial communities in paddy soils of different treatments%

处理 Treatment	氨氧化潜势 AOP	硝化强度 NC	硝态氮 N $O 3 -$ -N	铵态氮 N $H 4 +$ -N	全氮 TN
分蘖期Tillering stage	15.88	22.01	12.19	35.64^**	14.28
拔节—孕穗期Jointing—booting stage	29.57^*	18.75	19.79	15.92	15.97
Y两优900 Y Liangyou 900	2.17	54.33	16.23	9.75	17.52
早丰优69 Zaofengyou 69	4.76	25.62	9.17	45.69	14.76

Fig.5 Heat map of differences in relative abundances of soil bacterial functions in paddy soils among different treatments

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