Effects of Point Deep Fertilization on Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Utilization of Rice in Cold Region

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20191431

Abstract

Abstract: In order to establish a resource-saving and environmentally-friendly fertilizer application method to improve the utilization rate of rice fertilizer, the randomized blocks design was adopted to compare the yield, nitrogen utilization and formation mechanism of whole layer fertilization, side deep fertilization and point deep fertilization based on the proposed deep point fertilization method in rice. The results showed the yield of point deep fertilization was higher than that of side deep fertilization and whole layer fertilization, with an increase of 10.20% and 15.12% respectively, and the increase of spike number and thousand kernels weight were the main reasons for these. The above ground dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and efficient leaf area index all showed the trend of point deep fertilization > side deep fertilization > whole layer fertilization in every period. The total root length, average root diameter, total root surface area and total root volume of point deep fertilization were 54.91%, 25.00%, 55.27% and 119.52% higher than that of whole layer fertilization. The SPAD values of point deep fertilization at tillering stage, full heading stage and filling stage were increased by 4.91%, 8.95% and 7.66% compared with side deep fertilization, and 5.95%, 9.05% and 7.16% compared with whole layer fertilization, respectively. At the same stages, net photosynthetic rate of point deep fertilization were 6.70%, 8.43% and 17.70% higher than that of side deep fertilization, and 13.30%, 3.64% and 25.84% higher than that of whole layer fertilization. The activity of flag leaf glutamate synthase, glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase ranked as point deep fertilization > side deep fertilization > whole layer fertilization, and point deep fertilization were 24.32%, 93.89% and 43.34% higher than side deep fertilization, and 14.04%, 138.19% and 57.84% higher than whole layer fertilization respectively in full heading stage. Total aboveground plant nitrogen content, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, recovery efficiency and partial productivity of point deep fertilization were enhanced by 10.83%, 46.18%, 56.50% and 14.96% compared with whole layer fertilization, and 7.46%, 26.74%, 29.92% and 10.02% compared with side deep fertilization, respectively. The processing quality, chalky grain rate, chalkiness degree and amylose content of point deep fertilization showed no significant difference from that of side deep fertilization and whole layer fertilization. The protein content of point deep fertilization and side deep fertilization was 6.95% and 3.89% lower than that of whole layer fertilization, while the food taste score was 1.63 and 1.01 higher than that of whole layer fertilization. The application of deep point fertilization is beneficial to increase rice yield, improve eating quality and fertilizer utilization rate in cold region.

Key words: Rice, Cold region, Point-deep fertilization, Yield, Quality, Nitrogen utilization

CLC Number:

LI Hongyu, LI Yi, ZHAO Haicheng, LIU Menghong, ZHENG Guiping, Lü Yandong, FAN Mingyu. Effects of Point Deep Fertilization on Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Utilization of Rice in Cold Region[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2021, 36(1): 159-168. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191431.

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