Metabolomics-based Analysis of the Effects of Different Months of Age on Quality and Flavor of Angus Beef

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194352

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of flavor difference of Angus beef at different months of age based on metabonomics analysis.Angus longissimus dorsi muscle of 17,20 and 24 months old was tested for meat quality traits and metabolomics analysis under the same feeding and management conditions.The metabolome results showed that 69,51 and 53 positive differential metabolites and 53,46 and 58 negative differential metabolites were identified in the B17 vs B20, B17 vs B24 and B20 vs B24 groups,respectively.The expression of 166 differential metabolites was up-regulated and 164 differential metabolites were down-regulated.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that differential metabolites were mainly enriched into multiple metabolic pathways such as lipid metabolism,amino acid metabolism,carbohydrate metabolism and endocrine system,including insulin resistance,cholinergic synapse,linoleic acid metabolism,phosphopentose pathway,carbohydrate digestion and absorption,glucagon signaling and arachidonic acid metabolic pathway.Correlation analysis showed that key metabolites such as proglutathione,betaine,carnitine,choline,hypoxanthine,palmitoleic acid,citric acid and lactose were significantly correlated with phenotypic data and could be used as potential candidate metabolites for Angus beef.Our results indicate that there are significant differences in the quality and flavor of Angus beef at different months of age,and the identified differences in metabolites and metabolic pathways can provide a theoretical basis for future Angus cattle breeding.

Key words: Angus, Differential metabolite, Metabonomics, Monthly age of cattle, Beef quality

LI Yabo, JIANG Qiufei, CHEN Yafei, LI Desheng, ZHAO Wei, TONG Lijia, GU Yaling, ZHANG Juan. Metabolomics-based Analysis of the Effects of Different Months of Age on Quality and Flavor of Angus Beef[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(S1): 289-297. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194352.

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Figures/Tables 8

Tab.1 The slaughter performance and meat quality in beef of Angus of different month ages

月龄 Month ages	剪切力/N Shear stress	失水率/% Loss of water rate	熟肉率/% Cooking percentage	屠宰率/% Dressing percentage
17	52.81±3.14a	4.53±0.03b	69.25±2.31a	56.05±0.011a
20	44.03±4.12b	2.10±0.09b	64.82±2.83a	55.43±0.014a
24	40.09±6.67c	6.82±0.76a	62.34±2.31a	50.94±0.011b

Tab.2 Composition and contents of amino acids of Angus cattle beef at different ages

氨基酸组成 Composition of amino acid	氨基酸含量Content of amino acid
氨基酸组成 Composition of amino acid	17月龄 17 months old	20月龄 20 months old	24月龄 24 months old
天冬氨酸#/%Asp	1.76±0.05a	1.24±0.05a	1.64±0.05a
苏氨酸*/% Thr	0.88±0.03a	0.61±0.02a	0.81±0.03a
丝氨酸/% Ser	0.71±0.02a	0.50±0.02a	0.70±0.03a
谷氨酸#/% Glu	3.04±0.02a	2.19±0.01a	2.89±0.02a
甘氨酸#/% Gly	0.80±0.01a	0.60±0.01a	0.80±0.01a
丙氨酸#/% Ala	1.10±0.03a	0.79±0.02a	1.07±0.04a
胱氨酸/% Cys	0.02±0.01a	0.03±0.01a	0.07±0.02a
缬氨酸*/% Val	0.90±0.04a	0.66±0.02a	0.93±0.02a
蛋氨酸*/% Met	0.44±0.03a	0.38±0.02a	0.51±0.03a
异亮氨酸*/% Ile	0.92±0.05a	0.66±0.02a	0.89±0.03a
亮氨酸*/% Leu	1.70±0.04a	1.12±0.02a	1.45±0.02a
酪氨酸#/% Tyr	0.80±0.02a	0.51±0.02a	0.63±0.03a
苯丙氨酸*/% #Phe	0.88±0.06a	0.57±0.05a	0.84±0.02a
赖氨酸*/% Lys	1.77±0.03a	1.23±0.05a	1.64±0.04a
组氨酸*/% His	0.75±0.03a	0.54±0.02a	0.68±0.02a
精氨酸/% Arg	1.33±0.04a	0.83±0.02a	1.12±0.06a
脯氨酸/% Pro	0.69±0.01a	0.60±0.02a	0.71±0.03a
必需氨基酸/% EAA	8.24±0.42a	5.77±0.52a	7.75±0.42a
非必需氨基酸/% NEAA	10.25±0.57a	7.29±0.70a	9.61±0.57a
氨基酸总量/% TAA	18.49±0.99a	13.06±1.22a	17.39±0.99a
EAA/TAA	44.56	44.11	44.64

Tab.3 Fatty acid composition in beef of Angus of different month ages

项目 Item	脂肪酸含量Content of fatty acid
项目 Item	17月龄 17 months old	20月龄 20 months old	24月龄 24 months old
饱和脂肪酸含量/(g/kg) SFA	7.20±1.10a	4.80±1.30a	4.40±1.10a
不饱和脂肪酸含量/(g/kg) UFA	11.90±2.10a	6.40±2.50a	4.70±2.10b
单不饱和脂肪酸含量/(g/kg) MUFA	0.13±0.03a	0.60±0.04a	0.30±0.03b
多不饱和脂肪酸含量/(g/kg) PUFA	10.60±1.70a	5.80±2.10a	4.40±1.70b
PUFA/SFA	1.47±0.11a	1.22±0.14a	1.04±0.11b
ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量/(g/kg) ω-3PUFA	0.29±0.08a	0.28±0.01a	-
ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量/(g/kg) ω-6PUFA	1.40±0.17a	0.93±0.21a	0.94±0.17a
ω-6/ω-3	4.83	3.32	-

Fig.1 PCA results A.Positive ion mode;B.Negative ion mode.

Fig.2 OPLS-DA model score and model validation

Fig.3 Differential metabolites volcano map

Fig.4 KEGG enrichment A:1.Glutathione metabolism,2.Metabolic pathways,3.Central carbon metabolism in cancer,4.Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from ornithine,lysine and nicotinic acid,5.Caffeine metabolism,6.Cholinergic synapse,7.Long-term depression,8.Insulin secretion,9.Insulin resistance,10.Carbon metabolism,11.beta-Alanine metabolism,12.ABC transporters,13.Arginine and proline metabolism,14.Bile secretion,15.Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids,16.Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,17.Phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis,18.Biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites,19.Neomycin,kanamycin and gentamicin biosynthesis,20.Vascular smooth muscle contraction;B:1.Bile secretion,2.Biosynthesis of terpenoids and steroids,3.Cholinergic synapse,4.Insulin secretion,5.Insulin resistance,6.Linoleic acid metabolism,7.Pentose phosphate pathway,8.Carbon metabolism,9.Central carbon metabolism in cancer,10.Vascular smooth muscle contraction,11.Carbohydrate digestion and absorption,12.Serotonergic synapse,13.Glucagon signaling pathway,14.Arachidonic acid metabolism,15.Glycine,serine and threonine metabolism,16.Starch and sucrose metabolism,17.Ovarian steroidogenesis,18.Thyroid hormone synthesis,19.Histidine metabolism,20.Biosynthesis of plant hormones;C:1.beta-Alanine metabolism,2.Biosynthesis of terpenoids and steroids,3.Biosynthesis of plant hormones,4.Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids,5.Central carbon metabolism in cancer,6.Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis,7.Insulin secretion,8.Arachidonic acid metabolism,9.Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from ornithine,lysine and nicotinic acid,10.Linoleic acid metabolism,11.Biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites,12.Pentose phosphate pathway,13.Phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis,14.Histidine metabolism,15.Vascular smooth muscle contraction,16.Carbohydrate digestion and absorption,17.Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from shikimate pathway,18.Carbon metabolism,19.Glutathione metabolism,20.Serotonergic synapse.

Fig.5 The correlation heat maps between meat quality parameters and untargeted metabolomic analyses 1.Reduced glutathione;2.Betaine;3.Pipecolic acid;4.Carnosine;5.Choline;6.Hypoxanthine;7.Palmitoleic acid;8.Citric acid;9.Arachidonic acid;10.Phosphoenolpyruvic acid;11.Eicosapentaenoic acid;12.Lactose;13.D-Fructose 6-phosphate;14.D-Glucose 6-phosphate.Each row in the figure represents one differential metabolite,and each column represents a meat quality parameter.The color red and blue represent positive and negative correlation,respectively,and the depth of the color indicates the correlation strength.^*.P<0.05,^**.P<0.01.

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