摘要： 氯化胆碱(choline chloride)促进冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)离休叶绿体的希尔反应及ATP酶的活性,同时还促进RuBP羧化酶(核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶)(E.C.4.1.1.39)和G-3-P脱氢酶(甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶)(E.C.1.2.1.13)的酶活性.用真空渗入法将氯化胆碱溶液浸入叶子细胞质中,ATP酶活性比对照增高0.9倍;RuBP羧化酶活性比对照增高0.7倍多.在小麦不同生育期喷施浓度适当的氯化胆碱溶液,RuBP羧化酶和G-3-P脱氢酶均比对照的增高,说明氯化胆碱对上述三种酶均有增加酶活性的作用;在较低浓度的氯化胆碱影响下,酶活性较高;高浓度的氯化胆碱对酶活性趋于抑制;同时,喷施氯化胆碱叶片蛋白质含量和叶绿含量也均比对照增高,并且这些变化与处理后光合速率的增高相一致.因而证明了氯化胆碱处理使小麦增产是因为促进了光合作用的光反应和暗反应.万亩小麦喷施200ppm氯化胆碱试验,平均每亩增产25kg,比对照增高10.1%,共增产小麦373 120kg,经济效益22.4万元.

关键词: 氯化胆碱, 光合速率, 希尔反应, ATP酶, RuBp羧化酶, 冬小麦

Abstract: The activities of the Hill reaction and ATPase of isolated chloroplast in wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves could be increased by choline chloride. Meanwhile the activities of ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase (E.C. 4 .1. 1.39) and glyceraldehyde- 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase ( E.C. 1 .2.1.13 ) in wheat leaves was found to be increased by choline chloride too. When choline chloride was introduced into the cytoplasm by vacuum infiltration method, the activity of ATPase was increased to 1.9 times and the activity of RuBPC-ase was increased to 1.7 times compared with that of the control. When choline chloride in suitable concentration was sprayed upon the wheat plants at different stages of development, the activities of the RuBPCase and G-3-PDH were higher than that of the control. It is possible that choline chloride was converted to phosphatidyl choline which caused an increase of the activity of the three enzymes. Higher concentrations of choline chloride appeared to inhibite the activities of these enzymes.The amounts of both protein and chlorophyll in the leaves were increased by choline chloride treatment. The pho-tosynthetic rate was increased by choline chloride too.The above data suggest that the effect of choline chloride may be pertained to both light reaction of photosynthesis and to the enzymes involved in dark reaction.

Key words: Choline chloride, Winter wheat, Hill reaction, ATPase, RuBP carboxylase, G- 3 -P dehydrogenase, Photosynthetic rate