晚冬早春阶段性增温调控华北平原北部小麦源库性能的作用

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193346

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对华北平原北部冬小麦生长发育所需温度与实际环境温度间的矛盾,于2019-2021年连续2个生长季,通过大田试验研究了晚冬早春阶段性升温调控小麦源库性能的作用。首个生长季设置4个阶段性升温处理:1月20日(CT1)、1月26日(CT2)、2月1日(CT3)、2月7日(CT4)增温,3月20日结束增温;第2个生长季设置3个阶段性升温处理:1月25日(CT1)、2月1日(CT2)、2月8日(CT3)增温,3月15日结束增温;2个生长季均以常规生产为对照(CK)。结果表明:增温处理增温阶段积温增加138.1~405.1 ℃,第二生长季CT1拔节-开花日均温降低2.50 ℃,第一生长季开花-成熟日均温降低2.31 ℃,第一生长季提前小麦返青25 d,且延长返青-成熟总天数21 d。第二生长季CT1开花期叶面积指数可显著提高17.6%,旗叶面积可显著提高33.7%。2020-2021生长季花后5 d净光合速率可显著提高11.7%,第一生长季花后CT1旗叶丙二醛含量可显著下降28.0%。在第二生长季中,CT1穗长可显著提高15.7%,粒长显著提高2.3%,花后15 d籽粒灌浆速率则可显著提高41.0%,CT1穗粒数可显著提高8.8粒,千粒质量显著提高2.0 g,产量可显著提高35.8%。由此表明,增温处理提前了小麦返青,小麦源库物质积累的开始时间提前,结束增温措施之后的相对降温,既延长了源库物质积累的总时间,同时又为源库活性的提高准备了条件,且存在增温处理实施时间越早,小麦源库性能提高越多的趋势。

关键词: 冬小麦, 增温, 旗叶, 源库

Abstract:

In view of the contradiction between the temperature required for winter wheat growth and the actual ambient temperature in the northern North China Plain, field experiments were conducted in two consecutive growing seasons from 2019 to 2021 to study the effect of increasing temperature in late winter and early spring on regulating wheat source-sink performance. In the first growing season, four warming treatments were set warming on January 20 (CT1), January 26 (CT2), February 1 (CT3), February 7 (CT4), and ending on March 20. In the second growing season, three warming treatments were set warming on January 25 (CT1), February 1 (CT2), February 8 (CT3), and ending on March 15, and conventional production was used as control (CK) in both growing seasons. The results showed that the accumulated temperature of CT1 increased by 138.1-405.1 ℃, the average daily temperature of CT1 from jointing to anthesis decreased by 2.50 ℃ in second growing season, and the average daily temperature of CT1 from anthesis to maturity decreased by 2.31 ℃ in first growing season, and the regreening of wheat was advanced by 25 days in first growing season, and the total number of days from regreening to maturity was extended by 21 days in first growing season. Leaf area index and flag leaf area of the CT1 treatment at anthesis were significantly increased by 17.6% and 33.7% in second growing season. The net photosynthetic rate increased by 11.7% in 2020-2021 growing season, and MDA content of CT1 flag leaf decreased by 28.0% after anthesis in first growing season. In second growing season, CT1 spike length and grain length were significantly increased by 15.7% and 2.3%, and at 15 days after anthesis the grain filling rate was significantly increased by 41.0%, the kernel number was significantly increased by 8.8, the 1000-grain weight was significantly increased by 2.0 g, and the yield was significantly increased by 35.8%. Suggesting that, the warming treatment advanced the regreening of wheat and the beginning time of wheat source-sink matter accumulation, relatively lower temperature after the end of intermitten warming measures, it extended the total time of material accumulation in the source-sink and prepared conditions for improving the activity of the source-sink, and the earlier the warming treatment was implemented, the more the performance of the wheat source-sink would be improved.

Key words: Winter wheat, Intermitten warming, Flag leaf, Source sink

郭玉龙, 赵景山, 王正, 高震, 杜雄, 党红凯. 晚冬早春阶段性增温调控华北平原北部小麦源库性能的作用[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(3): 77-86. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193346.

GUO Yulong, ZHAO Jingshan, WANG Zheng, GAO Zhen, DU Xiong, DANG Hongkai. Effect of Increasing Temperature During Late Winter and Early Spring on Wheat Source-sink Performance in Northern North China Plain[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(3): 77-86. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193346.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/I3/77

图/表 12

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生长季 Growing season	处理 Treatment
2019-2020	CT1	7.20±0.05a	5.23±0.02a	3.07±0.00a
	CT2	7.16±0.05a	5.21±0.02a	3.07±0.00a
	CT3	7.13±0.03b	5.15±0.01b	3.06±0.00a
	CT4	7.07±0.03b	5.12±0.01b	3.06±0.01a
	CK	6.97±0.03b	5.11±0.01b	3.06±0.01a
2020-2021	CT1	8.10±0.05a	5.10±0.01a	3.02±0.01a
	CT2	7.30±0.07b	5.06±0.00ab	2.96±0.01a
	CT3	7.21±0.05b	5.06±0.00ab	2.96±0.01a
	CK	7.00±0.05b	5.02±0.00b	2.94±0.00a

生长季 Growing season	处理 Treatment
2019-2020	CT1	7.20±0.05a	5.23±0.02a	3.07±0.00a
	CT2	7.16±0.05a	5.21±0.02a	3.07±0.00a
	CT3	7.13±0.03b	5.15±0.01b	3.06±0.00a
	CT4	7.07±0.03b	5.12±0.01b	3.06±0.01a
	CK	6.97±0.03b	5.11±0.01b	3.06±0.01a
2020-2021	CT1	8.10±0.05a	5.10±0.01a	3.02±0.01a
	CT2	7.30±0.07b	5.06±0.00ab	2.96±0.01a
	CT3	7.21±0.05b	5.06±0.00ab	2.96±0.01a
	CK	7.00±0.05b	5.02±0.00b	2.94±0.00a

生长季 Growing season	处理 Treatment	开花期可溶性糖含量 Anthesis soluble sugar content	灌浆期可溶性糖含量 Filling stage soluble sugar content	成熟期可溶性糖含量 Maturity soluble sugar content
2019-2020	CT1	375.0±8.8a	205.8±4.3a	58.3±5.0b
	CT2	316.4±6.0b	188.1±3.6b	60.3±8.2b
	CT3	285.0±3.9c	162.4±3.5c	83.7±3.1a
	CT4	278.8±3.6c	157.5±5.0c	85.7±4.2a
	CK	268.7±4.1c	143.4±3.0c	87.9±4.0a
2020-2021	CT1	343.4±3.9a	194.4±2.2a	75.5±1.3b
	CT2	315.0±3.9b	176.3±2.5b	81.1±2.3ab
	CT3	304.7±1.7bc	163.8±2.7c	83.0±1.3a
	CK	290.7±5.2c	163.0±4.2c	86.5±1.6a

生长季 Growing season	处理 Treatment	开花期可溶性糖含量 Anthesis soluble sugar content	灌浆期可溶性糖含量 Filling stage soluble sugar content	成熟期可溶性糖含量 Maturity soluble sugar content
2019-2020	CT1	375.0±8.8a	205.8±4.3a	58.3±5.0b
	CT2	316.4±6.0b	188.1±3.6b	60.3±8.2b
	CT3	285.0±3.9c	162.4±3.5c	83.7±3.1a
	CT4	278.8±3.6c	157.5±5.0c	85.7±4.2a
	CK	268.7±4.1c	143.4±3.0c	87.9±4.0a
2020-2021	CT1	343.4±3.9a	194.4±2.2a	75.5±1.3b
	CT2	315.0±3.9b	176.3±2.5b	81.1±2.3ab
	CT3	304.7±1.7bc	163.8±2.7c	83.0±1.3a
	CK	290.7±5.2c	163.0±4.2c	86.5±1.6a

生长季 Growing season	处理 Treatment	群体生长率Crop growth rate
生长季 Growing season	处理 Treatment	播种-拔节 Sowing-Jointing	拔节-开花 Jointing-Anthesis	开花-成熟 Anthesis-Maturity
2019-2020	CT1	3.49±0.10a	14.76±0.42a	19.35±0.34a
	CT2	2.54±0.09b	13.76±0.35ab	18.91±0.20ab
	CT3	2.12±0.02c	13.33±0.44ab	18.62±0.42ab
	CT4	1.95±0.03cd	12.72±0.22b	18.61±0.37ab
	CK	1.70±0.11d	12.38±0.37b	17.93±0.25b
2020-2021	CT1	3.68±0.28a	9.86±0.66a	20.74±0.51a
	CT2	3.43±0.34a	7.80±0.74b	19.51±1.47ab
	CT3	3.02±0.09a	7.59±0.53b	18.87±0.40ab
	CK	1.79±0.22b	6.88±1.16b	17.47±0.57b

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