群体调控对杂交小麦源库系统的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193203

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确杂交小麦群体调控对源库系统的影响,以二系杂交小麦品种京麦6号为研究对象,从群体结构、物质积累、产量构成等方面分析杂交小麦群体源库特征。结果表明,在源系统方面,增加密度可提高群体物质积累,但花后物质积累与密度增加未表现出同步增长关系,中高密度处理花后物质积累量无显著差异,花后物质积累比例、花后物质生产力随密度增加基本呈降低趋势,花前贮藏物质转移率和贡献率基本表现为先上升后降低的趋势。在库系统方面,杂交小麦库容建成受密度影响不显著,库容量与产量呈极显著正相关关系,中低密度条件下穗叶比值、粒叶比值等较高,杂交小麦具备群体库容大而稳、库源比例高的特性;随播种密度的增加,杂交小麦产量呈单峰曲线变化,在225×10⁴~375×10⁴/hm²播种条件下较高。构建合理源库系统,应用库源比例高、源功能强而持续、分蘖成穗能力高、贮藏物质再分配利用效率高的品种,采取控制种植密度、适度减少投入的栽培策略,有利于实现杂交小麦花后“增源、强源”目标,构建源库系统平衡群体,对杂交小麦产量进一步提升具有特殊重要意义。

关键词: 杂交小麦, 群体调控, 源库系统, 库容量, 平衡

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effect of population regulation of hybrid wheat on source-sink system,taking two-line hybrid wheat varieties Jingmai 6 as the research object,the population source and sink characteristics of hybrid wheat were analyzed from the aspects of population structure,material accumulation and yield composition.The results showed that,in terms of source system,increasing the seeding rate could increase the dry matter accumulation in the population,but the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and the seed rate increase did not show a synchronous growth relationship.The accumulation ratio and post-anthesis matter productivity basically showed a decreasing trend with the increase of density.There was no significant difference in the post-flowering matter accumulation between the medium and high density treatments.The proportion of post-anthesis matter accumulation and post-anthesis matter productivity basically decreased with the increase of seed rate.In terms of sink system,hybrid wheat sink capacity was not significantly affected by seed rate,and had a very significant positive correlation with yield.Under the condition of medium and low seed rate,and the ear-leaf area ratio and the grain number-leaf area ratio is relatively high.Hybrid wheat had the characteristics of large and stable sink capacity and high sink-source ratio.With the increase of seed rate,the yield of hybrid wheat showed a unimodal curve,which was higher under the seed rate of 225×10⁴-375×10⁴/ha.In order to build a reasonable source-sink system,the varieties with high sink-source ratio,strong and sustainable source function,high tillering ability and high distribution and utilization efficiency of stored dry matter,and the cultivation strategy of controlling seed rate and moderately reducing input are beneficial to the realization of the goal of "increasing the source,strengthening the source" of hybrid wheat after anthesis,also to build a balanced source-sink system,which is also of special significance for further improving the yield of hybrid wheat.

Key words: Hybrid wheat, Population regulation, Source-sink system, Sink capacity, Balance

张胜全, 王拯, 杨卫兵, 任立平, 叶志杰, 高新欢, 高建刚, 娄鸿耀, 杜冰, 陈兆波. 群体调控对杂交小麦源库系统的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(S1): 74-80. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193203.

ZHANG Shengquan, WANG Zheng, YANG Weibing, REN Liping, YE Zhijie, GAO Xinhuan, GAO Jiangang, LOU Hongyao, DU Bing, CHEN Zhaobo. Effects of Population Regulation on the Source-sink System of Hybrid Wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(S1): 74-80. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193203.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/IS1/74

图/表 7

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处理 Treatments	群体 Total population	上三叶 Top 3 leaves
A1	3.53±0.18d	2.75±0.20b
A2	3.84±0.07c	2.71±0.16b
A3	4.06±0.13b	2.79±0.23b
A4	4.27±0.09b	3.35±0.17a
A5	4.75±0.26a	3.73±0.31a
A6	4.53±0.11a	3.31±0.22a

处理 Treatments	群体 Total population	上三叶 Top 3 leaves
A1	3.53±0.18d	2.75±0.20b
A2	3.84±0.07c	2.71±0.16b
A3	4.06±0.13b	2.79±0.23b
A4	4.27±0.09b	3.35±0.17a
A5	4.75±0.26a	3.73±0.31a
A6	4.53±0.11a	3.31±0.22a

处理 Treatments	生育期/(×10⁴/hm²) Growth stage					分蘖成穗率/% Reproductive ear percentage
处理 Treatments	冬前 Overwinter	返青 Regreening	起身 Raising	拔节 Jointing	成熟 Maturity	分蘖成穗率/% Reproductive ear percentage
A1	304.5±12.7f	301.5±13.4d	1 368.8±103.9c	862.5±55.3c	562.5±22.5b	37.7±3.6a
A2	592.5±34.6e	577.5±25.3c	1 862.5±99.8b	1 293.8±90.4b	575.0±14.7b	24.8±2.7b
A3	852.0±25.1d	798.0±25.8b	2 150.0±93.6a	1 582.5±97.3a	637.5±37.7a	21.4±2.5b
A4	1 042.5±76.4c	981.0±41.3b	2 198.8±78.5a	1 635.0±62.5a	682.8±31.0a	20.2±2.0b
A5	1 297.5±119.6b	1 231.5±51.4a	2 225.0±85.7a	1 627.5±76.1a	664.6±23.4a	15.7±2.1c
A6	1 434.0±78.5a	1 342.5±65.9a	2 000.0±104.6a	1 642.5±88.7a	645.3±27.8a	12.6±1.4c

处理 Treatments	生育期/(×10⁴/hm²) Growth stage					分蘖成穗率/% Reproductive ear percentage
处理 Treatments	冬前 Overwinter	返青 Regreening	起身 Raising	拔节 Jointing	成熟 Maturity	分蘖成穗率/% Reproductive ear percentage
A1	304.5±12.7f	301.5±13.4d	1 368.8±103.9c	862.5±55.3c	562.5±22.5b	37.7±3.6a
A2	592.5±34.6e	577.5±25.3c	1 862.5±99.8b	1 293.8±90.4b	575.0±14.7b	24.8±2.7b
A3	852.0±25.1d	798.0±25.8b	2 150.0±93.6a	1 582.5±97.3a	637.5±37.7a	21.4±2.5b
A4	1 042.5±76.4c	981.0±41.3b	2 198.8±78.5a	1 635.0±62.5a	682.8±31.0a	20.2±2.0b
A5	1 297.5±119.6b	1 231.5±51.4a	2 225.0±85.7a	1 627.5±76.1a	664.6±23.4a	15.7±2.1c
A6	1 434.0±78.5a	1 342.5±65.9a	2 000.0±104.6a	1 642.5±88.7a	645.3±27.8a	12.6±1.4c

处理 Treatments	冬前/ (kg/hm²) Overwinter	拔节/ (kg/hm²) Jointing	孕穗/ (kg/hm²) Booting	开花/ (kg/hm²) Anthesis	成熟期/ (kg/hm²) Maturity	花后物质积累量/(kg/hm²) Dry matter after anthesis	开花前物质积累比例/% Relative proportion of dry matter before anthesis	开花后物质积累比例/% Relative proportion of dry matter after anthesis
A1	552.4±23.4d	1 221.0±76.5d	3 488.0±124.5d	6 124.5±223.9c	10 831.5±477.8b	4 707.0±204.2ab	56.5±0.5c	43.5±0.6a
A2	724.5±56.9b	2 313.0±145.3c	5 008.0±223.1c	6 937.7±304.2c	11 481.8±689.1b	4 544.1±178.9b	60.4±1.1b	39.6±1.2b
A3	732.1±45.6b	3 880.5±155.8b	6 288.0±245.3b	8 374.5±563.2b	12 844.5±783.9b	4 470.0±198.4b	65.2±0.9a	34.8±0.3c
A4	679.4±51.1c	3 964.5±126.7b	6 656.0±378.5b	8 991.0±365.4b	14 154.8±798.3a	5 163.8±205.3a	63.5±1.3ab	36.5±0.8bc
A5	866.6±76.3a	4 059.0±98.2b	8 040.0±357.2a	10 281.0±643.7a	15 204.0±899.4a	4 923.0±177.4a	67.6±1.9a	32.4±0.3c
A6	695.0±45.2c	5 176.5±195.1a	8 064.0±403.6a	10 631.3±732.2a	15 795.0±766.2a	5 165.0±161.2a	67.3±2.4a	32.7±0.5c

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