微喷带灌溉模式下冬小麦产量及穗部性状研究

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192721

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索适宜环渤海低平原地区的微灌水肥一体化技术灌溉模式,于2014-2015年和2015-2016年,在同一试验地重点分析了微灌方式下冬小麦研究对小麦植株成穗比例、穗部变异、产量及耗水特征影响,设置了5个微灌处理试验,“限水稳产”模式设2个灌水处理(分别为T1、T2处理);“节水高产”模式设2个灌水处理(分别为T3、T4处理)。T5处理为微灌模式下足水处理和1个畦灌对照处理T6。结果表明:微灌模式处理小麦成1穗组比例、2穗组比例高于传统畦灌,成3穗组、4穗组比例显著低于传统畦灌;微灌模式增加了小麦植株成1、2穗能力,单穗质量整齐度明显高于畦灌模式;2014-2015年,T3处理小麦产量最高,其次为T4处理,二者产量略高于畦灌对照和T5处理,T3处理水分利用效率最高,略高于T2 处理,显著高于其他处理,较畦灌模式增加23.0%。2015-2016年,小麦产量T6>T5>T3>T4>T2>T1,其中T6显著高于T1、T2处理,较其他处理无显著差异,水分利用效率以T3处理最高,较畦灌增加40.3%,综合考虑节本增效、节水生态方面,微喷带灌溉模式下春灌2水的灌水模式(拔节水、开花水)为最佳灌水处理。

关键词: 冬小麦, 灌溉模式, 穗部性状, 产量

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to explore the irrigation mode of micro-irrigation,water-fertilizer integration technology suitable for the low plain area around Bohai Sea,a two-yield experient was carried out in the same experiment site,in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 wheat growing seasons to compare the effects of winter wheat research on the spike percentage,spike variation,yield and water consumption of wheat.There were five micro-irrigation treatments;the model of "limited water and stable yield" was set up with two irrigation treatments(T1 and T2 respectively);the "water-saving and high-yield" model was set up with two irrigation treatments(T3 and T4 respectively);T5 treatment was foot water treatment under micro-irrigation mode and 1 flood irrigation control treatment T6.The results showed that:the ratio of 1 spike group and 2 spike group in micro-irrigation was higher than that in traditional border irrigation,the proportion of 3-panicle and 4-panicle was significantly lower than that of traditional border irrigation.The micro-irrigation pattern increased the ability of forming 1 and 2 ears of wheat,the uniformity of single spike weight was significantly higher than that of border irrigation.In 2014-2015,T3 treatment had the highest grain yield,followed by T4 treatment,the yields of the two treatments were slightly higher than those of border irrigation control and T5 treatment,the water use efficiency of T3 treatment was the highest,slightly higher than that of T2 treatment and significantly higher than that of other treatment,it increased by 23.0% compared with border irrigation.In 2015-2016,wheat yield T6>T5>T3>T4>T2>T1,T6 was significantly higher than T1 and T2,and had no significant difference compared with other treatments,the water use efficiency(WUE)of border irrigation was 40.3% higher than that of border irrigation.Comprehensive consideration of cost-saving and efficiency-enhancing,water-saving ecological aspects,under the micro-sprinkler irrigation mode,the best irrigation mode was spring irrigation 2 water(pull-off water,flowering water).

Key words: Winter wheat, Irrigation pattern, Panicle character, Yield

姚海坡, 董志强, 吕丽华, 张经廷, 张丽华, 姚艳荣, 郑孟静, 贾秀领. 微喷带灌溉模式下冬小麦产量及穗部性状研究[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(S1): 66-73. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192721.

YAO Haipo, DONG Zhiqiang, LÜ Lihua, ZHANG Jingting, ZHANG Lihua, YAO Yanrong, ZHENG Mengjing, JIA Xiuling. Study on Yield and Spike Characters of Winter Wheat under Micro-Sprinkler Irrigation[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(S1): 66-73. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192721.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/IS1/66

图/表 6

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试验年份 Test years	处理 Treatment	收获穗数/ (×10⁴/hm²) Spike number	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒质量/g Thousand-grain weight	产量/ (kg/hm²) Yield	WUE/(kg/m³) Water use efficiency
2014-2015	T1	754±48.5ab	24.3±2.2a	46.2±0.1ab	8 460.0±54.1c	1.75±0.02bc
	T2	722±69.9b	26.7±2.6a	47.8±0.7a	9 198.0±41.7b	2.03±0.02a
	T3	792±27.1ab	26.8±2.1a	44.8±1.6b	9 522.0±111.9a	2.08±0.01a
	T4	779±67.5ab	25.6±2.2a	46.9±1.2ab	9 513.0±55.6a	1.81±0.01b
	T5	747±37.6ab	28.6±1.4a	44.2±0.7b	9 432.0±62.6a	1.52±0.01d
	T6	845±42.7a	25.3±0.9a	44.5±1.3b	9 502.5±37.5a	1.69±0.01c
2015-2016	T1	517±70.1d	32.1±1.9a	42.0±1.5c	6 966.0±206.5c	1.79±0.01b
	T2	543±44.7cd	32.8±1.5a	45.0±0.6b	8 029.5±130.7b	2.38±0.02a
	T3	633±22.5bc	31.0±2.1ab	46.3±1.4ab	9 091.5±53.9a	2.54±0.05a
	T4	614±27.6bc	29.2±0.8ab	47.6±0.4a	8 973.0±64.3ab	2.42±0.10a
	T5	648±75.7b	31.9±2.7ab	44.9±0.8b	9 297.0±183.8a	2.09±0.06a
	T6	785±27.8a	29.2±1.2ab	45.8±0.5bc	9 487.5±161.9a	1.81±0.09b

试验年份 Test years	处理 Treatment	收获穗数/ (×10⁴/hm²) Spike number	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒质量/g Thousand-grain weight	产量/ (kg/hm²) Yield	WUE/(kg/m³) Water use efficiency
2014-2015	T1	754±48.5ab	24.3±2.2a	46.2±0.1ab	8 460.0±54.1c	1.75±0.02bc
	T2	722±69.9b	26.7±2.6a	47.8±0.7a	9 198.0±41.7b	2.03±0.02a
	T3	792±27.1ab	26.8±2.1a	44.8±1.6b	9 522.0±111.9a	2.08±0.01a
	T4	779±67.5ab	25.6±2.2a	46.9±1.2ab	9 513.0±55.6a	1.81±0.01b
	T5	747±37.6ab	28.6±1.4a	44.2±0.7b	9 432.0±62.6a	1.52±0.01d
	T6	845±42.7a	25.3±0.9a	44.5±1.3b	9 502.5±37.5a	1.69±0.01c
2015-2016	T1	517±70.1d	32.1±1.9a	42.0±1.5c	6 966.0±206.5c	1.79±0.01b
	T2	543±44.7cd	32.8±1.5a	45.0±0.6b	8 029.5±130.7b	2.38±0.02a
	T3	633±22.5bc	31.0±2.1ab	46.3±1.4ab	9 091.5±53.9a	2.54±0.05a
	T4	614±27.6bc	29.2±0.8ab	47.6±0.4a	8 973.0±64.3ab	2.42±0.10a
	T5	648±75.7b	31.9±2.7ab	44.9±0.8b	9 297.0±183.8a	2.09±0.06a
	T6	785±27.8a	29.2±1.2ab	45.8±0.5bc	9 487.5±161.9a	1.81±0.09b

试验年份 Years	处理 Treatment	单穗质量/g Single spike weight	株高/cm Plant height	穗长/cm Spike Length	小穗数 Spikelet number (per spike)	不孕小穗数 Number of sterile spike lets (per spike)	穗质量变异系数/% Coefficient of variation of of spike weight	株高变异系数/% Coefficient of variation of stem height
2014-2015	T1	1.52±0.11a	69.4±1.4a	7.4±0.14a	18.1±0.47a	3.4±0.27a	24.2±1.2b	8.5±0.5a
	T2	1.58±0.16a	71.5±1.2a	7.6±0.20a	18.3±0.56a	3.2±0.25a	23.6±0.9bc	7.6±0.9a
	T3	1.58±0.04a	71.8±2.3a	7.6±0.45a	18.4±0.95a	3.5±0.25a	24.9±1.2a	8.0±0.5a
	T4	1.54±0.08a	72.1±2.2a	7.4±0.26a	18.1±0.92a	3.7±0.24a	20.3±1.6c	7.2±0.6a
	T5	1.58±0.01a	72.6±1.9a	7.8±0.32a	18.3±0.21a	3.4±0.21a	21.1±0.7bc	8.0±0.9a
	T6	1.50±0.08a	74.4±0.8a	7.8±0.14a	18.5±0.42a	3.6±0.42a	26.9±1.4a	8.6±0.5a
2015-2016	T1	1.56±0.06b	66.0±2.5ab	6.8±0.43a	9.3±0.45a	3.0±0.45a	23.4±1.1c	8.4±0.4a
	T2	1.72±0.15ab	65.9±1.8b	6.7±0.16a	9.5±0.32a	2.5±0.32ab	23.6±0.9c	8.8±1.0a
	T3	1.66±0.11ab	70.3±0.9ab	7.0±0.17a	9.2±0.17a	2.9±0.17ab	25.7±1.6bc	7.9±1.0a
	T4	1.54±0.05b	69.3±1.5ab	6.8±0.19a	9.2±0.19a	3.1±0.19a	29.2±2.2ab	8.6±0.9a
	T5	1.57±0.03b	69.5±2.3ab	6.7±0.03a	9.2±0.03a	3.1±0.03a	24.5±1.9c	8.1±1.0a
	T6	1.41±0.09b	73.0±1.8a	6.8±0.32a	9.0±0.32a	2.6±0.32ab	31.4±1.6a	8.1±0.9a

试验年份 Years	处理 Treatment	单穗质量/g Single spike weight	株高/cm Plant height	穗长/cm Spike Length	小穗数 Spikelet number (per spike)	不孕小穗数 Number of sterile spike lets (per spike)	穗质量变异系数/% Coefficient of variation of of spike weight	株高变异系数/% Coefficient of variation of stem height
2014-2015	T1	1.52±0.11a	69.4±1.4a	7.4±0.14a	18.1±0.47a	3.4±0.27a	24.2±1.2b	8.5±0.5a
	T2	1.58±0.16a	71.5±1.2a	7.6±0.20a	18.3±0.56a	3.2±0.25a	23.6±0.9bc	7.6±0.9a
	T3	1.58±0.04a	71.8±2.3a	7.6±0.45a	18.4±0.95a	3.5±0.25a	24.9±1.2a	8.0±0.5a
	T4	1.54±0.08a	72.1±2.2a	7.4±0.26a	18.1±0.92a	3.7±0.24a	20.3±1.6c	7.2±0.6a
	T5	1.58±0.01a	72.6±1.9a	7.8±0.32a	18.3±0.21a	3.4±0.21a	21.1±0.7bc	8.0±0.9a
	T6	1.50±0.08a	74.4±0.8a	7.8±0.14a	18.5±0.42a	3.6±0.42a	26.9±1.4a	8.6±0.5a
2015-2016	T1	1.56±0.06b	66.0±2.5ab	6.8±0.43a	9.3±0.45a	3.0±0.45a	23.4±1.1c	8.4±0.4a
	T2	1.72±0.15ab	65.9±1.8b	6.7±0.16a	9.5±0.32a	2.5±0.32ab	23.6±0.9c	8.8±1.0a
	T3	1.66±0.11ab	70.3±0.9ab	7.0±0.17a	9.2±0.17a	2.9±0.17ab	25.7±1.6bc	7.9±1.0a
	T4	1.54±0.05b	69.3±1.5ab	6.8±0.19a	9.2±0.19a	3.1±0.19a	29.2±2.2ab	8.6±0.9a
	T5	1.57±0.03b	69.5±2.3ab	6.7±0.03a	9.2±0.03a	3.1±0.03a	24.5±1.9c	8.1±1.0a
	T6	1.41±0.09b	73.0±1.8a	6.8±0.32a	9.0±0.32a	2.6±0.32ab	31.4±1.6a	8.1±0.9a

试验年份 Years	处理 Treatment	单株成穗 Panicle formation per plant	1穗组比例/% 1 proportion of panicle group	2穗组比例/% 2 proportion of panicle group	3穗组比例/% 3 proportion of panicle group	4穗组比例/% 4 proportion of panicle group	无穗小蘖率/% Ear-less tiller rate	中落穗率/% Middle ear rate
2014-2015	T1	1.70±0.16b	43.5±3.7a	43.6±1.5a	10.2±0.9b	2.7±0b	34.9±1.9a	12.5±1.5a
	T2	1.90±0.31ab	38.3±2.5a	40.1±2.9a	17.4±2.1ab	4.2±0b	29.3±2.6a	10.2±1.3a
	T3	1.80±0.04b	39.3±3.0a	41.5±2.9a	15.3±1.6ab	3.9±0b	27.7±1.8a	6.8±1.0ab
	T4	1.90±0.09ab	36.9±1.7a	39.0±2.6a	18.6±1.4ab	5.5±0b	27.2±2.7a	7.6±0.8ab
	T5	1.80±0.18b	42.5±2.9a	40.4±2.5a	12.6±1.8ab	4.5±0b	23.0±2.2ab	9.8±0.9a
	T6	2.20±0.05a	30.6±2.7a	34.1±2.4a	22.5±2.1a	12.8±0a	29.3±0.7a	9.1±1.2a
2015-2016	T1	1.19±0.11c	79.7±2.7a	19.3±2.6c	1.0±0.1b	0	51.8±2.3a	3.7±0.2a
	T2	1.37±0.16bc	68.8±3.9ab	30.7±2.9bc	0.5±0.0b	0	51.2±1.5a	3.4±0.2a
	T3	1.38±0.05bc	65.6±2.5b	31.7±2.1ab	2.7±0.4b	0	44.6±1.5ab	2.9±0.3ab
	T4	1.30±0.12bc	75.3±2.8ab	22.0±2.2bc	2.7±0.5b	0	45.3±2.1ab	3.9±0.2a
	T5	1.52±0.13b	64.1±2.7b	33.0±2.7ab	3.0±0.7b	0	41.5±2.0ab	2.5±0.2ab
	T6	2.04±0.17a	42.9±2.2c	38.5±1.9a	15.3±0.8a	3.2±0.7a	49.2±2.0a	1.8±0.2b

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