施氮水平对土壤有机氮组分及氮素利用效率的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194815

华北农学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 166-176. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194815

所属专题： 土壤肥料；

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇下一篇

施氮水平对土壤有机氮组分及氮素利用效率的影响

兰慧青¹^,², 孟天天³^,⁴, 张向前¹^,³^,, 王伟妮⁵, 张君¹, 陈立宇¹^,³, 路战远¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,, 孙霞⁵

¹ 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010031
² 内蒙古大学生命科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010020
³ 内蒙古自治区退化农田生态修复与污染治理重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特 010031
⁴ 河北农业大学农学院,河北保定 071033
⁵ 鄂尔多斯市农牧业生态与资源保护中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017000

收稿日期:2024-10-28 出版日期:2025-02-28
通讯作者:
路战远(1964—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,研究员,博士,博士生导师,主要从事保护性耕作与农业生态研究。
张向前(1984—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,研究员,博士,主要从事土壤耕作与农业生态研究。
作者简介:
兰慧青(1996—),女,内蒙古呼和浩特人,硕士,主要从事作物栽培与农业生态研究。
基金资助:
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY0216); 内蒙古自治区“科技兴蒙”重点专项(2021EEDSCXSFQZD011); 内蒙古“草原英才”工程高端人才培养项目

Effect of Nitrogen Application Levels on Soil Organic Nitrogen Fractions and Nitrogen Utilization Rates

LAN Huiqing¹^,², MENG Tiantian³^,⁴, ZHANG Xiangqian¹^,³^,, WANG Weini⁵, ZHANG Jun¹, CHEN Liyu¹^,³, LU Zhanyuan¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,, SUN Xia⁵

¹ Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China
² School of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010020,China
³ Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control in Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010031,China
⁴ College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071033,China
⁵ Ordos Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resource Conservation Center,Ordos 017000,China

Received:2024-10-28 Published:2025-02-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

明确不同施氮水平对内蒙古中西部地区玉米田土壤有机氮组分及氮素利用效率的影响,为农田土壤氮素科学管理和现代农业高效可持续发展提供参考。共设置6个施氮水平,分别为N0(0 kg/hm²)、N8(120 kg/hm²)、N12(180 kg/hm²)、N16(240 kg/hm²)、N20(300 kg/hm²)、N24(360 kg/hm²),分析在玉米田播前和收获后不同土层下各施氮水平对土壤全氮、颗粒有机氮、轻组有机氮和重组有机氮含量动态变化规律以及玉米产量、氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,随土层加深同一施氮水平下,土壤全氮、颗粒有机氮、轻组有机氮和重组有机氮含量呈下降趋势。同一土层下播前土壤全氮含量随施氮水平升高呈上升趋势;收获后N16、N20和N24处理土壤全氮含量显著高于N0、N8和N12处理。播前0~10 cm,10~20 cm,20~40 cm土层N16处理土壤颗粒有机氮含量均最高,分别为0.14,0.13,0.09 g/kg;收获后10~20 cm,20~40 cm,40~60 cm土层最高,分别为0.19,0.10,0.09 g/kg。N16处理土壤轻组有机氮含量增加量最高,为37.27%;N24处理土壤重组有机氮含量增加量最高,为7.35%,其次是N16处理,为6.84%。N16处理玉米生物产量最高,为31 443.50 kg/hm²;玉米经济产量最高,为18 526.47 kg/hm²;氮素利用效率指标随着氮肥施用水平升高而降低,N16处理下氮收获指数最高,为79.20%。综上,240 kg/hm²为内蒙古中西部地区较适宜的氮肥施用水平,在该水平下土壤氮素管理和作物产量较佳。

关键词: 施氮水平, 全氮, 颗粒有机氮, 轻组有机氮, 重组有机氮, 玉米产量, 氮素利用效率

Abstract:

The aim was to clarify the effects of different nitrogen application levels on soil organic nitrogen fractions and nitrogen use efficiency in maize fields in the central-western region of Inner Mongolia,so as to provide a reference for the scientific management of soil nitrogen and sustainable development of modern agriculture.Six nitrogen application levels were set up,N0(0 kg/ha),N8(120 kg/ha),N12(180 kg/ha),N16(240 kg/ha),N20(300 kg/ha),and N24(360 kg/ha).The dynamic changes with effects of nitrogen application on soil total nitrogen content,particulate organic nitrogen content,light fraction organic nitrogen content and heavy organic nitrogen content,as well as maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency were analyzed at different soil layers at pre-sowing and post-harvest.The results showed that soil total nitrogen,particulate organic nitrogen,light fraction organic nitrogen,and heavy fraction organic nitrogen content decreased with deepening of the soil layer at the same nitrogen application level;soil total nitrogen content at pre-sowing increased with the nitrogen application levels.Soil total nitrogen content in the N16,N20,and N24 treatments was significantly higher than that in the N0,N8,and N12 treatments at post-harvest.Soil particulate organic nitrogen content of N16 treatment was highest in the 0—10 cm,10—20 cm,and 20—40 cm soil layers at pre-sowing,with 0.14,0.13,and 0.09 g/kg,respectively.At post-harvest,N16 treatment had the highest content in the 10—20 cm,20—40 cm,and 40—60 cm soil layers,with 0.19,0.10,and 0.09 g/kg,respectively.The highest increase of soil light fraction organic nitrogen content of 37.27% was in the N16 treatment,and the highest increase of soil heavy fraction organic nitrogen content of 7.35% was in the N24 treatment,followed by the N16 treatment,at 6.84%.The N16 treatment had the highest maize biological yield of 31 443.50 kg/ha;the highest maize economic yield of 18 526.47 kg/ha;and the nitrogen use efficiency decreased with the increase in nitrogen fertilizer application levels,N16 treatment in the nitrogen harvest index was the highest, at 79.20%.In conclusion,the more suitable nitrogen fertilizer application level in the central-western region of Inner Mongolia should be maintained under 240 kg/ha,in order to achieve the best soil nitrogen management ang crop yield.

Key words: Nitrogen application level, Total nitrogen, Particulate organic nitrogen, Light fraction organic nitrogen, Heavy fraction organic nitrogen, Maize yield, Nitrogen use efficiency

兰慧青, 孟天天, 张向前, 王伟妮, 张君, 陈立宇, 路战远, 孙霞. 施氮水平对土壤有机氮组分及氮素利用效率的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(1): 166-176. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194815.

LAN Huiqing, MENG Tiantian, ZHANG Xiangqian, WANG Weini, ZHANG Jun, CHEN Liyu, LU Zhanyuan, SUN Xia. Effect of Nitrogen Application Levels on Soil Organic Nitrogen Fractions and Nitrogen Utilization Rates[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(1): 166-176. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194815.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I1/166

图/表 7

图1 施氮水平对土壤全氮含量的影响不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。图2—4同。

Fig.1 Effect of nitrogen application levels on soil total nitrogen content Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments(P<0.05).The same as Fig.2—4.

图2 施氮水平对土壤颗粒有机氮含量的影响

Fig.2 Effect of nitrogen application levels on soil particulate organic nitrogen content

图3 施氮水平对土壤轻组有机氮含量的影响

Fig.3 Effect of nitrogen application levels on soil light fraction organic nitrogen content

图4 施氮水平对土壤重组有机氮含量的影响

Fig.4 Effect of nitrogen application levels on soil heavy fraction organic nitrogen content

表1 施氮水平对玉米产量及收获指数影响的差异性分析

Tab.1 Difference analysis of the effects nitrogen application levels on maize yield and harvest index

处理 Treatment	生物产量/(kg/hm²) Biological yield	经济产量/(kg/hm²) Economic yield	收获指数 Harvest index
N0	20 987.25±380.95c	11 785.78±1 956.21b	0.560±0.071b
N8	27 446.75±2 366.72b	17 518.37±523.77a	0.640±0.038ab
N12	28 754.25±2 362.67ab	18 420.86±931.08a	0.640±0.043ab
N16	31 443.50±1 446.27a	18 526.47±470.66a	0.590±0.019ab
N20	27 078.50±2 171.35b	18 275.04±555.94a	0.680±0.072a
N24	25 898.00±780.66b	16 876.97±367.01a	0.650±0.034ab

表2 施氮水平对氮素利用效率的影响

Tab.2 Effect of nitrogen application levels on nitrogen use efficiency

处理 Treatment	氮收获指数/% NHI	氮肥表观回收效率/% ANRE	氮肥吸收效率/(kg/kg) NUPE	氮肥农学效率/(kg/kg) NAE	氮肥偏生产力/(kg/kg) NPFP
N0	75.12±0.88b	—	—	—	—
N8	77.56±0.84a	89.18±5.52a	2.050±0.055a	47.77±11.42a	145.99±4.36a
N12	77.02±1.24ab	71.59±4.00b	1.490±0.040b	36.86±8.18b	102.34±5.17ab
N16	79.20±0.90a	69.32±7.03b	1.270±0.070c	28.09±5.06c	77.19±1.96bc
N20	74.95±1.24b	38.03±2.11c	0.840±0.021d	21.63±7.17d	60.92±1.85c
N24	78.85±1.62a	22.34±2.26d	0.610±0.023e	14.14±4.91e	46.88±1.02c
F	7.362	104.330	439.810	8.630	422.900
P	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**

图5 土壤氮组分与产量及氮素利用效率指标的相关性分析 NA.施氮水平;TNC.全氮含量;HFONC.重组有机氮含量;LFONC.轻组有机氮含量;PONC.颗粒有机氮含量;Y.产量;NHI.氮收获指数;ANRE.氮肥表观回收效率;NUPE.氮肥吸收效率;NAE.氮肥农学效率;NPFP.氮肥偏生产力。*.P<0.05;**.P<0.01。

Fig.5 Correlation analysis of soil nitrogen fractions with yield and nitrogen use efficiency indexes NA.Nitrogen application level;TNC.Total nitrogen content;HFONC.Heavy fraction organic nitrogen content;LFONC.Light fraction organic nitrogen content;PONC.Particulate organic nitrogen content;Y.Yield;NHI.Nitrogen harvest index;ANRE.Nitrogen apparent recovery efficiency;NUPE.Nitrogen fertilizer uptake efficiency;NAE.Nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency;NPFP.Nitrogen fertilizer bias productivity.*.P<0.05;**.P<0.01.

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