摘要： 以青麦6号为试验材料,研究了小麦玉米轮作制度下夏玉米季缓释氮肥施用量(0,150,225,300 kg/hm2)对后茬冬小麦土壤氮含量、分布及冬小麦氮素利用的影响。结果表明:与对照(不施氮)相比,夏玉米施氮肥明显增加了后茬冬小麦季土壤0～80 cm各土层全氮含量,尤其当施氮量达到300 kg/hm²时,氮肥在小麦季土壤中大量积累;小麦各生育期植株地上部氮素积累量随着夏玉米施氮量的增加而增加,而氮素向籽粒转移率呈先增加后降低趋势;夏玉米季施氮量对小麦干物质和籽粒产量影响显著,当夏玉米施氮225 kg/hm²时,干物质和籽粒产量值均最高,过量施氮则导致冬小麦干物质和籽粒产量下降。

关键词: 缓释氮肥, 施氮量, 氮素转移率, 土壤全氮, 冬小麦, 产量

Abstract: In order to determine the effects of residual nitrogen applied to summer maize on the soil and plant Nnutrition and grain yield of the following winter wheat， in summer season， three rates of nitrogen fertilizer ( i． e． 0，150， 225，300 kg/hm²) with the slow release nitrogen fertilizer were applied，winter wheat cultivar Qingmai 6 was used for this study． Compared with control ( without N fertilizer application) ， the application of N fertilizer to summer maize increased the soil total N content in the 0 - 80 cm soil profiles during the whole wheat season，especially when N application reached 300 kg/hm²， surplus N was left in the soil in following wheat season． With the increased N supply， the N accumulation aboveground in wheat was also increased，while， the rate of nitrogen translocation to grain increased firstly and then decreased． The application of N to summer maize had a remarkable effect on the dry matter and grain yield of following wheat，and both reached the high value when the N application was 225kg/hm²，while surplus N application induced the decreased yield and dry matter of wheat．

Key words: Slow release nitrogen fertilizer, N application rate, Nitrogen translocation rate to grain, Soil total N, Winter wheat, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S512

• S143