多穗型与大穗型超级稻品种幼穗分化期碳氮代谢与产量构成

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193168

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明多穗型与大穗型品种穗粒特征形成的规律,提高水稻产量,以多穗型品种岳优9113(Y9113)和大穗型品种天优华占(TYHZ)、五丰优T025(WT025)为试验材料,在常规大田试验条件下开展试验,探明多穗型与大穗型品种幼穗分化阶段主茎茎鞘、主茎功能叶和主茎幼穗各器官的碳氮代谢特征及产量构成差异。结果表明:大穗型品种的主茎茎鞘、功能叶和幼穗的碳代谢关键酶活性(SPS和AMS)、氮代谢关键酶活性(NR和GS)、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量在幼穗分化主要阶段均呈现出高于或显著高于多穗型品种的现象。其中在第2次枝梗及颖花原基分化期(粒数迅速增加),五丰优WT025的功能叶可溶性蛋白含量、幼穗的可溶性糖含量和GS活性较岳优9113分别显著高6.77%,35.07%,20.10%,天优华占的主茎茎鞘SPS活性和幼穗GS活性较岳优9113分别显著高46.72%和7.81%;在花粉母细胞减数分裂期(颖花易发生退化,粒数下降),五丰优T025的功能叶可溶性蛋白含量、主茎的可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量较岳优9113分别显著高9.88%,21.20%,16.20%,天优华占的主茎茎鞘可溶性糖含量和功能叶SPS活性较岳优9113分别显著高14.67%和28.55%。在该试验条件下得出,与多穗型品种相比,幼穗分化期较强的碳氮代谢水平是大穗型品种形成大穗的机制之一。

关键词: 超级稻, 多穗型, 大穗型, 幼穗发育, 碳氮代谢, 产量

Abstract:

In order to find out the regularities of formation of panicle grain characteristics of multi-panicle type and large-panicle type varieties to increase rice yield.The conventional field experiments method were conducted to use the multi-panicle type varieties Yueyou 9113(Y9113),the large-panicle type varieties Tianyouhuazhan(TYHZ)and Wufengyou T025(WT025)as test materials.To study the differences in carbon and nitrogen metabolism and yield composition of main stem,functional leaves and young panicles during the young panicle differentiation stages of multi-panicle type and large-panicle type varieties.The results showed that the activities of key enzymes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism(SPS,AMS,NR and GS)and soluble sugar and soluble protein content of the main stem,functional leaves and young panicles of large-panicle type varieties were higher or significantly higher than multi-panicle type varieties in the main young panicle differentiation stages.In the second branch and spikelet primordia differentiation stage,which the number of grains increased rapidly,the soluble protein content of functional leaves and soluble sugar content and GS activity of young panicles of Wufengyou T025 were significantly higher than Yueyou 9113 by 6.77%,35.07% and 20.10%,and the SPS activity of main stem and GS activity of young panicle of Tianyouhuazhan were significantly higher than Yueyou 9113 by 46.72% and 7.81%.In the meiotic stage of the pollen mother cell,which the spikelets are prone to degeneration and the number of grains decreases,the soluble protein content of functional leaves and soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of main stem of Wufengyou T025 were significantly higher than Yueyou 9113 by 9.88%,21.20% and 16.20%,and the soluble sugar content of main stem and SPS activity of functional leaves of Tianyouhuazhan were significantly higher than Yueyou 9113 by 14.67% and 28.55%.Under the conditions of this experiment,compared with the multi-panicle type varieties,the stronger carbon and nitrogen metabolism during the young panicle differentiation stage was one of the mechanisms of the large-panicle formation of the large-panicle type varieties.

Key words: Super rice, Multi-panicle type, Large-panicle type, Young panicle development, Carbon and nitrogen metabolism, Yield

李文秀, 戴力, 王礼煌, 方宝华, 王学华. 多穗型与大穗型超级稻品种幼穗分化期碳氮代谢与产量构成[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(4): 103-112. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193168.

LI Wenxiu, DAI Li, WANG Lihuang, FANG Baohua, WANG Xuehua. Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Yield Composition in Multi-panicle and Large-panicle Super Rice Varieties at Young Panicle Differentiation Stage[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(4): 103-112. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193168.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/I4/103

图/表 8

表1 幼穗分化阶段及缩写

Tab.1 Young panicle differentiation stage and acronym

幼穗分化阶段 Young panicle differentiation stage	幼穗长度/mm Young panicle length
第一苞原基分化期(一期)FBPD	<0.1
第一次枝梗原基分化期(二期)PBPD	0.3~0.9
第二次枝梗及颖花原基分化期(三期) SBSPD	1~2
雌雄蕊形成期(四期)PSF	5~10
花粉母细胞形成期(五期)PMCF	15~49
花粉母细胞减数分裂期(六期)PMCM	50~100
花粉内容物充实期(七期)PF	>100

图1 幼穗分化阶段不同品种主茎茎鞘可溶性糖含量、SPS和AMS活性柱子上的不同小写字母表示同一幼穗分化时期不同品种处理的0.05水平上的差异。图2-6同。

Fig.1 The content of soluble sugar and the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase and amylase of main stem at young panicle differentiation stages with different varieties Lowercase letters on the column represent significant difference at 5% probability level in the same young panicle differentiation stage with different varieties.The same as Fig.2-6.

图2 幼穗分化阶段不同品种主茎功能叶可溶性糖含量、SPS和AMS活性

Fig.2 The content of soluble sugar and the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase and amylase of main stem functional leaves at young panicle differentiation stages with different varieties

图3 幼穗分化阶段不同品种主茎幼穗可溶性糖含量、SPS和AMS活性

Fig.3 The content of soluble sugar and the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase and amylase of main stem young panicles at young panicle differentiation stages with different varieties

图4 幼穗分化阶段不同品种主茎茎鞘可溶性蛋白含量、NR和GS活性

Fig.4 The content of soluble protein and the activity of nitrite reductase and glutamine synthesis of main stem at young panicle differentiation stages with different varieties

图5 幼穗分化阶段不同品种主茎功能叶可溶性蛋白含量、NR和GS活性

Fig.5 The content of soluble protein and the activity of nitrite reductase and glutamine synthesis of main stem functional leaves at young panicle differentiation stages with different varieties

图6 幼穗分化阶段不同品种主茎幼穗可溶性蛋白含量、NR和GS活性

Fig.6 The content of soluble protein and the activity of nitrite reductase and glutamine synthesis of main stem young panicles at young panicle differentiation stages with different varieties

表2 多穗型与大穗型品种产量及产量构成因素

Tab.2 Yield and yield components of multi-panicle type and large-panicle type varieties

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	有效穗数/ (万穗/hm²) Effective panicle number	穗粒数/粒 Grains number per spike	结实率/% Seed setting rate	千粒质量/g 1000-grain weight	理论产量 /(t/hm²) Theoretical yield	实测产量 /(t/hm²) Actual yield
2019	Y9113	318.8±15.8Aa	158.4±5.1Bb	74.2±3.0Aab	25.7±0.2Aa	9.5±0.4Aa	8.9±0.1Aab
	TYHZ	267.5±20.3Aab	244.6±6.0Aa	65.3±0.7Ab	24.6±0.1Bb	10.4±0.8Aa	8.3±0.3Ab
	WT025	220.0±13.8Ab	254.8±8.5Aa	81.1±3.4Aa	22.3±0.1Cc	10.1±0.9Aa	9.2±0.2Aa
2020	Y9113	328.8±14.2Aa	159.0±7.2Bc	58.3±2.1Bb	24.4±0.1Aa	7.4±0.5Ab	6.3±0.1Bb
	TYHZ	253.8±8.8ABb	226.8±4.1Ab	60.1±2.5Bb	22.7±0.2Bb	7.8±0.2Aab	6.1±0.1Bb
	WT025	216.3±12.3Bb	266.0±10.0Aa	75.2±2.3Aa	21.1±0.1Cc	9.1±0.4Aa	7.6±0.0Aa

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