摘要：

为了筛选鉴定适宜我国南方地区种植的早熟油菜新品种,利用AMMI 模型分析了国家油菜区域试验早熟组14份参试品种的丰产性并用GGE双标图方法探讨了这些品种在8个试验点的稳产性,同时还测定了代表性品种的越冬期生物学指标和光合参数,以期解释南方早熟油菜丰产性形成的气候和生理成因。试验结果表明,参试品种的丰产性差异较大,其中S0013的平均产量居第一位(2 191.021 kg/hm²),而282081的产量最低(1 328.512 kg/hm²),仅为前者的60%。联合方差分析结果显示,来源于环境(E)的平方和占主导地位(82.27%),而来源于基因型(G)的平方和占比最小(4.93%);来源于基因型与环境的互作(G×E)虽然偏小(10.17%)但仍然达到极显著水平。利用AMMI模型可解释G×E互作平方和的92.63%。品种的丰产性主要受降雨量影响,而品种的稳定性主要与气温有关。14个参试品种的稳定性从高到低依次为:黔杂ZW9001>黔杂J9002> C868>05V11>黔杂J9001> WB203>川杂09NH014> S0013>云油杂2号>杂1613>08SH60>282081>荣华906>131(CK);其中,S0013、C868和WB203产量最高,而282081的产量最低。各试点鉴别力依次为:玉溪>保山>吉安>南昌(宜春)>桂林>长沙>安顺。阳光131在桂林试验点的越冬期单株鲜质量最高,净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)也较高并且与小区产量的相关系数较大,表明较强的光合作用可促进丰产性的形成。通过AMMI模型和GGE双标图对参试油菜品种和不同试点进行了较为全面的评估,为早熟油菜新品种选育及试点选择提供参考依据。

关键词: 油菜, G×E互作, AMMI模型, GGE双标图, 区域试验, 气候因子

Abstract:

To screen out new candidate rapeseed varieties suitable for production in South China region,field trail data of fourteen early-mature rapeseed new varieties in China's regional trial was first analyzed by AMMI models,and then the relationship between G×E interaction and climate factors in eight experimental sites were investigated by GGE biplot method. Then biomass and photosynthetic parameters during wintering were also investigated in a representative variety. This analysis allowed a deeper understanding of the influence of climate factors and physiology on yield formation,by which new varieties with better adaptation can be identified and used in agricultural production. The results showed that the mean yield of 14 varieties varied markedly,with S0013 ranking the highest(2 191.021 kg/ha)and 282081 the lowest (1 328.512 kg/ha, only 60% of the previous one). Combined ANOVA indicated that the majority of variation was from the environment effect(82.27%)and the least from the genotype effect(4.93%). Moreover,variation from genotype×environment interaction(G×E)was also very significant,although it only accounted for 10.17% of total variation,most of which(92.63%)could be further dissected by AMMI model. It seemed that yielding ability was mainly affected by climate factor such as rainfall,while yield stability was largely determined by temperature. For yield stability,the fourteen varieties were ranked,from high to low,as Qianza ZW9001>Qianza J9002>C868>05V11>Qianza J9001>WB203>Chuanza 09NH014>S0013>Yunyouza No.2>Za 1613>08SH60>282081>Ronghua 906>131(CK). Among these,S0013,C868 and WB203 had the highest yield,while 282081 the lowest. The discriminating power for experimental sites were listed,in descending order as Yuxi>Baoshan>Ji'an>Nanchang(Yichun)>Guilin>Changsha>Anshun. Moreover,the biomass of YG131 during wintering was the highest in Guilin. Meanwhile,photosynthetic parameters such as Pn,Tr and Ci were also high and positively correlated with plot yield,suggesting that active photosynthesis promote yield formation. Taken together,the comprehensive evaluation of field performance for new rapeseed varieties in Chinese national field trial through AMMI model and GGE biplot can provide valuable information for the breeding of early maturing rapeseed varieties and the selection of idea experimental sites.

Key words: Rapeseed, G×E interaction, AMMI model, GGE biplot, Regional trial, Climate factors