不同杂交类型甘蓝型油菜在重金属污染土中的适应性研究

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193784

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤重金属污染严重影响中国农业的发展和农产品安全,植物修复是当前广受关注的土壤修复方式,油菜是一种理想的修复植物。为了筛选出适宜作为修复植物的油菜育种材料,采用盆栽试验,以100%营养土环境为对照组Ⅰ,设置不同污染土配比的Ⅱ(25%污染土,75%营养土)、Ⅲ(50%污染土,50%营养土)、Ⅳ(75%污染土,25%营养土)3个污染土环境,分别研究了159-6(自交种)、沣油520(杂交种)和159-6×沣油520(三交种)3种不同杂交类型的甘蓝型油菜在不同配比重金属污染土环境下的生理特性与相关基因表达量的差异。结果发现:在不同重金属污染土配比环境下,159-6×沣油520鲜质量和干质量最高且高于对照组Ⅰ。25%污染土环境下159-6叶绿素含量最高,其余均为159-6×沣油520叶绿素含量最高。除含50%污染土环境下沣油520可溶性蛋白含量最高,其余均为159-6×沣油520可溶性蛋白含量最高。在50%和75%污染土环境下,159-6×沣油520的SOD活性最高,MDA含量低于159-6和沣油520;4个抗重金属相关基因(BnaA08g04000D、BnaA09g24330D、BnNRAMP1和BnPri-miR167a)在159-6×沣油520叶片中的表达量均高于159-6和沣油520;在75%污染土环境下Bna0280620和Bna049040基因在159-6×沣油520叶片中的表达量也高于沣油520和159-6。159-6、沣油520和159-6×沣油520在不同配比的污染土环境下均能正常生长发育;三交油菜159-6×沣油520在含50%和75%污染土环境下的表现更佳。从育种材料的基因型和生物学特性方面进行研究,分析常规材料与杂交材料在重金属抗性方面的差异及不同杂交类型间的差异,发现杂交种优于常规材料,而三交种优于杂交种。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 重金属, 抗氧化酶, 植物修复

Abstract:

Heavy metal pollution in soil has seriously affected the development of agriculture and the safety of agricultural products in China.Phytoremediation is a widely concerned soil remediation method,and rape is an ideal remediation plant.In order to screen rape breeding materials suitable for using as remediation plants.The pot experiment was carried out.With 100% nutrient soil environment as a control,three polluted soil environments(Ⅱ(25% contaminated soil,75% nutrient soil), Ⅲ(50% contaminated soil,50% nutrient soil), Ⅳ(75% contaminated soil,25% nutrient soil)with different proportions of contaminated soil were set up.The physiological characteristics and gene expression differences of three different hybrid types of Brassica napus,159-6(Self crossing species),Fengyou 520(Hybrid),and 159-6×Fengyou 520(Triple cross),were studied under different ratios of heavy metal polluted soil environments.The results showed that under different ratios of heavy metal contaminated soil,159-6×Fengyou 520 had the highest fresh and dry quality and was higher than control group I.Under 25% polluted soil environment,159-6 had the highest chlorophyll content,while the rest had 159-6 chlorophyll content×Fengyou 520 had the highest chlorophyll content.Except for Fengyou 520 with the highest soluble protein content in a 50% polluted soil environment,the rest were 159-6×Fengyou 520 had the highest soluble protein content.Under 50% and 75% polluted soil environment,159-6×Fengyou 520 had the highest SOD activity,with MDA content lower than 159-6 and Fengyou 520;four genes related to heavy metal resistance(BnaA08g04000D,BnaA09g24330D,BnNRAMP1,and BnPri-miR167a)were identified in 159-6×The expression levels in the leaves of Fengyou 520 were higher than those of 159-6 and Fengyou 520;Bna0280620 and Bna049040 genes in 159-6 under 75% polluted soil environment×The expression level in the leaves of Fengyou 520 was also higher than that of Fengyou 520 and 159-6.159-6,Fengyou 520 and 159-6×Fengyou 520 could grow and develop normally in polluted soil environments with different ratios;Sanjiao rapeseed 159-6×Fengyou 520 performs better in environments containing 50% and 75% polluted soil.The study was carried out from the genotype and biological characteristics of breeding materials,and the differences between conventional materials and hybrid materials in heavy metal resistance and between different hybrid types were analyzed.It was found that hybrids were better than conventional materials,while three hybrids were better than hybrids.

Key words: Brassica napus L., Heavy metals, Antioxidant enzymes, Phytoremediation

彭多姿, 黄颢源, 范占煌, 戴悦, 元妙新, 张振乾. 不同杂交类型甘蓝型油菜在重金属污染土中的适应性研究[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(4): 181-189. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193784.

PENG Duozi, HUANG Haoyuan, FAN Zhanhuang, DAI Yue, YUAN Miaoxin, ZHANG Zhenqian. Study on Adaptability of Different Hybrid Types of Brassica napus in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(4): 181-189. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193784.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/I4/181

图/表 10

表1 qRT-PCR基因引物序列

Tab.1 qRT-PCR gene primer sequence

基因名称 Primer name	引物序列(5'—3') Primer sequence(5'—3')
BnActin	F:GGTTGGGATGGACCAGAAGG
	R:TCAGGAGCAATACGGAGC
Bna0280620	F:CAGCCGATTATGTTAGACCC
	R:GTCTCCAGCCTCCACATCGT
Bna0449040	F:TGGCTATGTTAGGCTCTTT
	R:AGCAGCACCAACTATGAGA
BnaC08g46180D	F:GGGGACCAAGTAAATACCA
	R:AGCAGGAACCCAAACTACC
BnaA08g04000D	F:TTGAGTCTTCGGTCGCACTT
	R:TGCCGCTAACAAACCAATTCC
BnaA09g24330D	F:AGCGACCCAAGGATTCCAAA
	R:AGTTTGCATGTTACATCACCGT
BnPri-miR167a	F:GGTGAAGTGAACGGTGTA
	R:GTGAAATTTGAGATGGGA
BnNRAMP1	F:TTTGCTATGGGTTGTTGC
	R:CTTCTCCTGGGTCTGGTT

图1 不同污染土配比处理对油菜干、鲜质量的影响不同小写字母表示同一处理下不同材料间差异显著(P<0.05)。图2—7同。

Fig.1 Effect of different polluted soil proportions on the quality of dried and fresh rapeseed Different lowercase indicated that there were significant differences among different materials under the same treatment (P<0.05).The same as Fig.2—7.

图2 不同污染土配比处理对油菜可溶性糖含量的影响

Fig.2 Effect of different polluted soil proportions on the soluble sugar content of rapeseed

图3 不同污染土配比处理对油菜可溶性蛋白含量的影响

Fig.3 Effect of different polluted soil proportions on the soluble protein content of rapeseede

图4 不同污染土配比处理对油菜叶绿素含量的影响

Fig.4 Effect of different polluted soil proportions on chlorophyll content of rapeseed

图5 不同污染土配比处理对油菜SOD、POD、CAT活性和MDA含量的影响

Fig.5 Effects of different polluted soil proportions on SOD,POD,CAT activities and MDA content in rapeseed

图6 不同污染土配比处理下光合作用相关基因在不同类型油菜叶片中表达情况

Fig.6 Expression of photosynthesis related genes in different types of rapeseed leaves under different polluted soil proportions

图7 不同污染土配比处理下抗重金属相关基因在不同类型油菜叶片中表达情况

Fig.7 Expression of heavy metal resistance related genes in different types of rapeseed leaves under different ratios of polluted soil treatments

表2 光合作用相关基因表达量与生理指标之间的相关性分析

Tab.2 Correlation analysis between photosynthetic related gene expression and physiological indexes

基因 Gene	不同类型油菜 Different types of rapeseed	鲜质量 Fresh weight	干质量 Dry weight	叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	可溶性蛋白含量 Soluble protein content
Bna0280620	沣油520	0.603	-0.061	-0.023	-0.032	-0.147
	159-6	-0.736^*	-0.462	0.147	0.528	-0.789^*
	159-6×沣油520	-0.091	-0.292	-0.289	-0.333	0.812^**
Bna049040	沣油520	-0.587	0.165	0.212	0.199	0.280
	159-6	-0.542	-0.224	0.418	0.435	-0.607
	159-6×沣油520	-0.389	-0.481	-0.496	0.716^*	-0.094
BnaC08g46180D	沣油520	-0.738^*	-0.486	-0.891^**	-0.759^*	-0.834^**
	159-6	-0.492	-0.706^*	-0.974^**	0.364	-0.469
	159-6×沣油520	0.846^**	0.753^*	0.788^*	0.491	-0.990^**

表3 重金属胁迫相关基因表达量与酶活性之间的相关性分析

Tab.3 Correlation analysis between heavy metal resistance related gene expression and enzyme activity

基因 Gene	不同类型油菜 Different types of rapeseed	SOD活性 SOD activity	POD活性 POD activity	CAT活性 CAT activity	MDA含量 MDA content
BnaA08g04000D	沣油520	-0.944^**	0.100	-0.773^*	-0.747^*
	159-6	-0.289	-0.132	0.415	-0.502
	159-6×沣油520	-0.333	0.745^*	-0.861^**	0.746^*
BnNRAMP1	沣油520	-0.951^**	0.207	-0.860^**	0.886^**
	159-6	-0.258	-0.203	0.392	-0.482
	159-6×沣油520	-0.609	0.891^**	-0.827^**	0.805^**
BnPri-miR167a	沣油520	-0.903^**	0.197	-0.931^**	0.909^**
	159-6	0.077	-0.464	0.715^*	-0.779^*
	159-6×沣油520	-0.643	0.912^**	-0.777^*	0.783^*
BnaA09g24330D	沣油520	-0.800^**	-0.083	-0.356	0.370
	159-6	0.236	-0.587	0.779^*	-0.818^**
	159-6×沣油520	-0.589	0.905^**	-0.844^*	0.800^**

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