灌溉方式与垄作种植对旱地马铃薯水分利用效率及产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193733

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同灌溉和垄作种植方式对旱地马铃薯水分利用效果和产量的影响,明确适宜旱地马铃薯产量和水分利用效率同步提高的耕作和灌溉处理组合模式,进一步为旱作马铃薯生产效能提供理论依据,于2019—2020年连续2个马铃薯生长季,在山西省岚县地区,以并薯26号为材料,设置水力驱动带状喷灌(G₁)和滴灌(G₂)2种灌溉处理和常规垄型种植(M₁)、凹型垄面种植(M₂)和露地平作种植(M₃)3种种植方式的二因素试验,深入研究灌溉方式与垄作种植相互效应对旱地马铃薯水分利用和产量的影响。结果表明,灌溉方式与垄作种植对旱地马铃薯田耗水特性、水分利用效率及产量均具有明显的调控作用;M₂处理较M₁和M₃处理显著增加土壤水分利用效率,提高自然降水和灌溉水的利用率;在G₁处理下,M₁和M₂处理水分利用效率、产量分别比M₃处理增加了14.08%,13.58%和23.28%,21.92%;在G₂处理下,M₁和M₂处理水分利用效率、产量分别比M₃处理增加了11.88%,11.50%和22.05%,20.45%,且以凹型垄作+水力驱动带状喷灌处理组合G₁M₂产量最高;相同垄作处理下,G₁处理的水分利用效率和产量最高。综合考虑,灌溉方式和垄作种植对旱地马铃薯水分利用效率和产量的调控效应,凹型垄面种植+水力驱动带状喷灌处理组合(G₁M₂)可作为适宜山西旱地马铃薯产量和水分利用效率同步提高的灌溉与耕作处理组合模式。

关键词: 马铃薯, 灌溉方式, 垄作种植, 产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

In order to study the effect of different irrigation methods and ridge planting experiments on water use efficiency and yield of potato in dryland,and to identify an optimal ridge planting and irrigation combination mode of potato with high yield and water use efficiency simultaneously,and further provide a theoretical basis for the production efficiency of dryland potato.The two-factor experiment was persistently performed in Lanxian County Shanxi Province during two potato growing seasons(2019—2020).The three ridge planting,including conventional ridge cultivation(M₁),concave ridge cultivation technique(M₂)and outdoor planting(M₃);the two irrigating including hydraulic driving zonal sprinkler(G₁)and drip irrigation(G₂),deeply exploring the effects of ridge planting and irrigation and their interaction effects on water use efficiency and yield of dry potato.The results showed that irrigation and ridge planting had obvious regulation effects on water use efficiency and yield of dry potato.Compared with M₁ and M₃,M₂ could significantly increase soil use efficiency water storage consumption.Under G₁treatment,the water use efficiency and yield of M₁ and M₂ treatments increased by 14.08%,13.58%,and 23.28%,21.92%,respectively,compared to M₃;under G₂ treatment,the water use efficiency and yield of M₁ and M₂ treatments increased by 11.88%,11.50%,and 22.05%,20.45%,respectively,compared to M₃,and the combination of concave ridge cropping + hydraulic driving zonal sprinkler irrigation treatment combination G₁M₂ had the highest yield.Under the same ridge planting,the water use efficiency and yield of hydraulically driven zonal sprinkler irrigation(G₁)were the highest.Based on the regulating effects of ridge planting and irrigation on water use efficiency and grain yield,the G₁M₂ treatment could help synchronously to improve the grain yield and water use efficiency.This can be an optimal model of ridge planting and irrigation combination treatment of dry potato area of Shanxi Province.

Key words: Potato, Irrigation, Ridge planting, Yield, Water use efficiency

王慧杰, 霍利光, 李盛, 梁素明. 灌溉方式与垄作种植对旱地马铃薯水分利用效率及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(4): 174-180. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193733.

WANG Huijie, HUO Liguang, LI Sheng, LIANG Suming. Effece of Irrigation and Ridge Planting on Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Potato in Dry Farming[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(4): 174-180. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193733.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/I4/174

图/表 10

参考文献 27

[1]	李竟才. 二倍体马铃薯遗传图谱构建及晚疫病抗性QTL定位[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2012.doi:10.7666/d.Y2162708. doi: 10.7666/d.Y2162708
	Li J C. Construction of genetic map of diploid potato and QTL mapping of resistance to late blight[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2012.
[2]	李彦军, 耿伟, 史超, 许士霖. 马铃薯种质资源现状及发展对策[J]. 中国果菜, 2019, 39(8):61-63,67.doi:10.19590/j.cnki.1008-1038.2019.08.015. doi: 10.19590/j.cnki.1008-1038.2019.08.015
	Li Y J, Geng W, Shi C, Xu S L. Current situation and development countermeasures of potato germplasm resources[J]. China Fruit vegetable, 2019, 39(8):61-63,67.
[3]	李志涛, 马文婧, 朱金勇, 史田斌, 李泓阳, 陈丽敏, 张俊莲, 刘玉汇, 刘震. 膜下滴灌条件下不同田间持水量对马铃薯根系分布及其产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(S1):161-171.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193047. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193047
	Li Z T, Ma W J, Zhu J Y, Shi T B, Li H Y, Chen L M, Zhang J L, Liu Y H, Liu Z. Effects of different field water capacity on root system characteristics and yield of potato under drip irrigation with plastic mulch[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(S1):161-171. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193047
[4]	肖国举, 仇正跻, 张峰举, 马飞, 姚玉璧, 张强, 王润元. 增温对西北半干旱区马铃薯产量和品质的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(3):830-836.doi:10.5846/stxb201304110671. doi: 10.5846/stxb201304110671
	Xiao G J, Qiu Z J, Zhang F J, Ma F, Yao Y B, Zhang Q, Wang R Y. Influence of increased temperature on the potato yield and quality in a semiarid district of Northwest China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(3):830-836.
[5]	Wang X K, Guo T, Wang Y, Xing Y Y, Wang Y F, He X L. Exploring the optimization of water and fertilizer management practices for potato production in the sandy loam soils of Northwest China based on PCA[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2020, 237:106-180.doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106180. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106180
[6]	Soltys-Kalina D, Plich J, Strzelczyk-Żyta D, Śliwka J, Marczewski W. The effect of drought stress on the leaf relative water content and tuber yield of a half-sib family of Katahdin-derived potato cultivars[J]. Breeding Science, 2016, 66(2):328-331.doi:10.1270/jsbbs.66.328. doi: 10.1270/jsbbs.66.328 pmid: 27162504
[7]	石艳艳, 马志花, 吴春花, 周永瑾, 李荣. 垄作沟覆地膜对旱地马铃薯光合特性及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5):1288-1297.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14050. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14050
	Shi Y Y, Ma Z H, Wu C H, Zhou Y J, Li R. Effects of ridge tillage with film mulching in furrow on photosynthetic charac-teristics of potato and yield formation in dryland farming[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(5):1288-1297. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14050 URL
[8]	张芮, 王腾飞, 张梅花, 张永胜, 杨昌钰, 陈志丕. 覆膜与补充灌溉对半干旱地区马铃薯产量及根际土壤微生物学特性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2021, 36(6):132-140.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192414. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192414
	Zhang R, Wang T F, Zhang M H, Zhang Y S, Yang C Y, Chen Z P. Effects of plastic film mulch and supplementary irrigation on potato yield and rhizosphere soil microbiological characteristics in semi-arid areas[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2021, 36(6):132-140. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192414
[9]	Zhao H, Wang R Y, Ma B L, Xiong Y C, Qiang S C, Wang C L, Liu C A, Li F M. Ridge-furrow with full plastic film mulching improves water use efficiency and tuber yields of potato in a semiarid rainfed ecosystem[J]. Field Crops Research, 2014, 161:137-148.doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2014.02.013. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2014.02.013 URL
[10]	Ren X L, Zhang P, Chen X L, Jia Z K. Impacts of ridge-furrow rainfall concentration systems and mulches on corn growth and yield in the semiarid region of China[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2016, 96(11):3882-3889.doi:10.1002/jsfa.7585. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.7585 URL
[11]	中华人民共和国水利部. 灌溉试验规范:SL 13-2004[S]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2005.
	Ministry of water resources of the people's republic of China. Irrigation test specifications: SL 13—2004[S]. Beijing: China Water&Power Press, 2005.
[12]	刘五喜, 董博, 张立功, 苏忠太. 半干旱区马铃薯不同覆膜方式对土壤水分、温度及产量的影响[J]. 中国马铃薯, 2018, 32(1):13-18.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-3635.2018.01.003. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3635.2018.01.003
	Liu W X, Dong B, Zhang L G, Su Z T. Effects of plastic film mulching modes on soil moisture,temperature and yield of potato in semi-arid region[J]. Chinese Potato Journal, 2018, 32(1):13-18.
[13]	潘小番, 张恒嘉, 邓浩亮, 李福强. 河西绿洲不同生育期调亏灌溉对马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响[J]. 农业工程, 2021, 11(2):130-136.doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1795.2021.02.026. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1795.2021.02.026
	Pan X F, Zhang H J, Deng H L, Li F Q. Effect of regulated deficit irrigation at different growth stages on potato growth,yield and quality in Hexi oasis[J]. Agricultural Engineering, 2021, 11(2):130-136.
[14]	薛俊武, 任稳江, 严昌荣. 覆膜和垄作对黄土高原马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2014, 35(1):74-79.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.01.011. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.01.011
	Xue J W, Ren W J, Yan C R. Effects of plastic film mulching and ridge planting on yield and water use efficiency of potato in loess plateau[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2014, 35(1):74-79.
[15]	李辉, 柴守玺, 常磊, 吴建民, 程宏波, 韩凡香, 李博文, 兰雪梅, 王芳, 李瑞. 西北半干旱区秸秆带状覆盖对土壤水分及马铃薯产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2017, 31(6):148-156,256.doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2017.06.025. doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2017.06.025
	Li H, Chai S X, Chang L, Wu J M, Cheng H B, Han F X, Li B W, Lan X M, Wang F, Li R. Effects of straw strip mulching on soil moisture and potato yield in Northwest semi-arid region of China[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 31(6):148-156,256.
[16]	刘文涛, 安振, 张梦坤, 朱树伟, 李耕, 高天平, 刘振, 宁堂原. 喷灌条件下耕作方式对土壤水分均匀性与冬小麦水分利用效率的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020, 34(3):282-290.doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.03.042. doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.03.042
	Liu W T, An Z, Zhang M K, Zhu S W, Li G, Gao T P, Liu Z, Ning T Y. Effects of tillage methods on soil moisture uniformity and water use efficiency of winter wheat under sprinkler irrigation[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020, 34(3):282-290.
[17]	Wang Y J, Xie Z K, Malhi S S, Vera C L, Zhang Y B, Wang J N. Effects of rainfall harvesting and mulching technologies on water use efficiency and crop yield in the semi-arid Loess Plateau,China[J]. Agric Water Manage, 2009, 96(3):374-382.doi:1016/j.agwat.2008.09012. doi: 1016/j.agwat.2008.09012 URL
[18]	邱野, 王瑄. 耕作模式对坡耕地土壤水分和大豆产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(22):128-137.doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.22.016. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.22.016
	Qiu Y, Wang X. Effects of tillage patterns on soil moisture and soybean yield in sloping fields[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34(22):128-137.
[19]	Ali S Xu Y Y, Ma X C, Ahmad I, Kamran M, Dong Z Y, Cai T, Jia Q M, Ren X L, Zhang P, Jia Z K. Planting patterns and deficit irrigation strategies to improve wheat production and water use efficiency under simulated rainfall conditions[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017, 8:1408.doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01408. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01408 pmid: 28878787
[20]	Hemmat A, Eskandari I. Tillage system effects upon productivity of a dryland winter Wheat-chickpea rotation in the northwest region of Iran[J]. Soil and Tillage Res, 2004, 78(1):69-81.doi:10.1016/j.still.2004.02.013. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2004.02.013 URL
[21]	侯贤清, 牛有文, 吴文利, 徐金鹏, 时龙, 唐少颖, 马旭, 李荣. 不同降雨年型下种植密度对旱作马铃薯生长、水分利用效率及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2018, 44(10):1560-1569.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01560. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01560
	Hou X Q, Niu Y W, Wu W L, Xu J P, Shi L, Tang S Y, Ma X, Li R. Effect of planting density on the growth,water use efficiency and yield of dry-farming potato under different rainfall year types[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(10):1560-1569. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01560 URL
[22]	于健龙, 杨永奎, 胡辉, 杨波, 申玲, 吴俊. 不同栽培措施及肥料配比对马铃薯农艺性状及产量的影响[J]. 南方农业学报, 2014, 45(7):1215-1220.doi:10.3969/j:issn.2095-1191.2014.7.1215. doi: 10.3969/j:issn.2095-1191.2014.7.1215
	Yu J L, Yang Y K, Hu H, Yang B, Shen L, Wu J. Effects of cultivation method and fertilizer on potato yield and its agronomic traits[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2014, 45(7):1215-1220.
[23]	田慎重, 王瑜, 宁堂原, 董晓霞, 董亮, 郑东峰, 郭洪海. 转变耕作方式对长期旋免耕农田土壤有机碳库的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(17):98-105.doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.17.014. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.17.014
	Tian S Z, Wang Y, Ning T Y, Dong X X, Dong L, Zheng D F, Guo H H. Effect of tillage method changes on soil organic carbon pool in farmland under long-term rotary tillage and no tillage[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(17):98-105.
[24]	孙梦媛, 刘景辉, 米俊珍, 张兰英, 王英. 控释尿素对旱作马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2021, 40(2):7-15.doi:10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020116. doi: 10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020116
	Sun M Y, Liu J H, Mi J Z, Zhang L Y, Wang Y. The effects of controlled-release of urea on yield and water use efficiency of rain-fed potato[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2021, 40(2):7-15.
[25]	要凯, 赵章平, 康益晨, 张卫娜, 石铭福, 杨昕宇, 范艳玲, 秦舒浩. 沟垄覆膜对连作马铃薯土壤酶活性、理化性状及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(8):1286-1292.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.94007. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.94007
	Yao K, Zhao Z P, Kang Y C, Zhang W N, Shi M F, Yang X Y, Fan Y L, Qin S H. Effects of ridge-furrow mulching on soil enzyme activity,physicochemical properties and yield in continuous cropping potato field[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(8):1286-1292.
[26]	张子义, 赵阳, 梁红胜, 樊明寿. 钾素对马铃薯钾转运体KUP6和KUP7基因表达量的调节[J]. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(2):95-99.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2018.02.014. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.02.014
	Zhang Z Y, Zhao Y, Liang H S, Fan M S. Response of potassium concentration on potassium transporter KUP6 and KUP7 gene expression in potato seedlings[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2018, 33(2):95-99.
[27]	纪晓玲, 张静, 乔文远, 刘建华, 雷锦银, 张雄. 不同覆盖方式对旱地马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2016, 34(6):58-62.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.06.09. doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.06.09
	Ji X L, Zhang J, Qiao W Y, Liu J H, Lei J Y, Zhang X. Effects of different mulching methods on yield and water use efficiency of potato[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2016, 34(6):58-62.

土层深度/cm Soil depth	全氮/(mg/kg) Total nitrogen	有效磷/(mg/kg) Available phosphorus	速效钾/(mg/kg) Available potassium	有机质/(g/kg) Organic matter	pH值 pH value
0~20	245	24.70	157.89	18.72	8.18
21~40	102	13.80	112.46	16.41	8.02

土层深度/cm Soil depth	全氮/(mg/kg) Total nitrogen	有效磷/(mg/kg) Available phosphorus	速效钾/(mg/kg) Available potassium	有机质/(g/kg) Organic matter	pH值 pH value
0~20	245	24.70	157.89	18.72	8.18
21~40	102	13.80	112.46	16.41	8.02

处理 Treatment	株高/cm Plant height	茎粗/cm Stem diameter	单株主茎数/支 Number of main stems per plant	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	鲜生物量/(g/株) Fresh biomass
G₁M₁	72.6±0.72ab	1.64±0.11b	2.9±0.4ab	3.5±0.13b	1 094.8±12.57bc
G₁M₂	73.6±0.78a	1.67±0.19a	3.0±0.3a	3.8±0.34a	1 177.5±20.11a
G₁M₃	70.8±0.56bc	1.60±0.20c	2.6±0.1bc	3.2±0.27c	987.4±19.83d
G₂M₁	73.4±1.01ab	1.65±0.23a	2.9±0.1b	3.7±0.21ab	1 108.9±20.35b
G₂M₂	73.7±0.96a	1.68±0.31a	3.1±0.2a	3.8±0.56a	1 204.4±19.17a
G₂M₃	72.9±1.11b	1.62±0.27b	2.5±0.1bc	3.4±0.31b	1 009.8±21.22c

处理 Treatment	株高/cm Plant height	茎粗/cm Stem diameter	单株主茎数/支 Number of main stems per plant	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	鲜生物量/(g/株) Fresh biomass
G₁M₁	72.6±0.72ab	1.64±0.11b	2.9±0.4ab	3.5±0.13b	1 094.8±12.57bc
G₁M₂	73.6±0.78a	1.67±0.19a	3.0±0.3a	3.8±0.34a	1 177.5±20.11a
G₁M₃	70.8±0.56bc	1.60±0.20c	2.6±0.1bc	3.2±0.27c	987.4±19.83d
G₂M₁	73.4±1.01ab	1.65±0.23a	2.9±0.1b	3.7±0.21ab	1 108.9±20.35b
G₂M₂	73.7±0.96a	1.68±0.31a	3.1±0.2a	3.8±0.56a	1 204.4±19.17a
G₂M₃	72.9±1.11b	1.62±0.27b	2.5±0.1bc	3.4±0.31b	1 009.8±21.22c

处理 Treatment stage	播种期 Sowing	出苗期 Emergence stage	现蕾期 Bud flower stage	开花期 Flowering stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	平均 Average
G₁M₁	26.41±0.59ab	43.08±0.97b	51.81±0.23c	53.72±0.74c	27.83±0.14b	40.50±0.34c
G₁M₂	26.83±0.71a	46.17±0.75a	54.22±0.34a	56.81±0.46a	29.54±0.29a	42.71±0.41a
G₁M₃	26.14±0.78bc	40.25±1.01d	46.37±0.21d	50.13±0.81de	23.42±0.27d	37.25±0.33de
G₂M₁	26.32±0.67b	41.74±0.46c	49.56±0.42cd	50.24±0.61d	25.71±0.22c	38.73±0.32d
G₂M₂	26.71±0.56a	45.83±0.81ab	52.73±0.54b	54.95±0.53b	27.19±0.31bc	41.44±0.29b
G₂M₃	26.15±0.61c	38.05±0.59e	45.90±0.79e	48.60±0.49e	21.21±0.43e	36.08±0.51e

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容