摘要：

为探究新增耕地土壤肥力快速科学提升模式,以复垦新增耕地玉米小麦轮作系统为研究对象,开展不同施肥处理试验(包括不施肥对照(CK)、有机肥15 t/hm²(OF15)、化肥(MIN)、有机肥7.5 t/hm²+化肥(OF7.5+MIN),有机肥15 t/hm²+化肥(OF15+MIN)和有机肥30 t/hm²+化肥(OF30+MIN))。基于土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质等土壤理化性质基础数据,采用土壤养分综合肥力指数(IFI)对不同施肥土壤肥力进行定量综合评价。结果表明:新增耕地施用化肥基础上增施有机肥提高土壤速效养分,分别增加土壤全氮108.6%~149.0%,土壤碱解氮253.6%~311.0%,土壤速效磷78.8%~171.6%,土壤速效钾35.6%~80.5%,土壤有机质含量增加5.8%~41.9%,土壤容重降低1.0%~8.3%,土壤pH值降低3.4%~7.3%,土壤综合肥力指数提高21.6%~27.7%,增加玉米小麦周年产量33.2%~127.1%。新增耕地土壤速效养分、有机质、土壤肥力水平和玉米小麦周年产量均表现出随着有机肥施用量增加而增加的趋势,其中以有机肥30 t/hm²效果最佳。与单施有机肥相比,有机肥与化肥配施有效增加土壤有机质和土壤综合肥力指数分别增加12.3%和22.0%。综上,有机肥+化肥相较单施化肥、单施有机肥的土壤综合肥力和作物周年产量均提高,有机肥30 t/hm²+化肥处理显著提升复垦新增耕地土壤肥力和作物产量。

关键词: 玉米, 小麦, 新增耕地, 有机肥, 周年产量, 土壤综合肥力指数

Abstract:

In order to explore the rapid and scientific improvement model of soil fertility in newly cultivated land,it took the maize wheat rotation system of newly cultivated land as the research object,and conducted different fertilization treatment experiments (including no fertilization control (CK),organic fertilizer 15 t/ha(OF15),chemical fertilizer (MIN),organic fertilizer 7.5 t/ha+fertilizer (OF7.5+MIN),organic fertilizer 15 t/ha+fertilizer (OF15+MIN),and organic fertilizer 30 t/ha+fertilizer (OF30+MIN)).Based on the basic data of soil physical and chemical properties such as total nitrogen,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and organic matter,the integrated fertility index (IFI) of soil nutrients was used to quantitatively and comprehensively evaluate the soil fertility of different fertilizers.The results showed that:on the basis of applying chemical fertilizers to newly cultivated land, organic fertilizers were added to improve soil available nutrients, increasing soil total nitrogen by 108.6%-149.0%, soil alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen by 253.6%-311.0%, soil available phosphorus by 78.8%-171.6%, soil available potassium by 35.6%-80.5%, soil organic matter content by 5.8%-41.9%, soil capacity by 1.0%-8.3%, soil pH value by 3.4%-7.3%, soil fertility comprehensive index by 21.6%-27.7%, and annual yield of corn and wheat by 33.2%-127.1%. The available nutrients, organic matter, soil fertility level, and annual yield of corn and wheat in newly cultivated land all showed an increasing trend with the increase of organic fertilizer application, among which 30 t/ha of organic fertilizer had the best effect. Compared with the application of organic fertilizer alone, the combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer effectively increased soil organic matter and soil comprehensive fertility index by 12.3% and 22.0%, respectively. In summary, under the conditions of this experiment, the combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer resulted in higher soil comprehensive fertility and annual crop yield compared to single application of chemical fertilizer or single application of organic fertilizer. The treatment with 30 t/ha of organic fertilizer and 2+chemical fertilizer significantly improved the soil fertility and crop yield of newly reclaimed farmland.

Key words: Corn, Wheat, Newly cultivated land, Organic fertilizer, Annual production, Soil comprehensive fertility index