不同用量有机肥对胡麻生长及根际细菌群落的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194992

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究有机肥对胡麻生理生长和根际细菌群落的影响,探索旱地胡麻的绿色高产栽培技术,基于大田试验,以坝选三号为材料,研究4个不同施肥处理(T0:不施;T1:低量牛粪;T2:中量牛粪;T3:高量牛粪)对胡麻生理生长、氮素利用、干物质积累的影响,解析根际细菌群落多样性、群落组成、共现网络和代谢途径变化,探讨驱动细菌群落差异的环境因素。结果表明,T3处理胡麻产量较高,与对照相比,该施肥条件下株高、单株有效蒴果数、千粒质量和氮肥利用效率指标也最高,这是施用有机肥后产量稳定的生理基础。胡麻根际土壤细菌的多样性和丰富度受有机肥施用的显著影响,根际细菌菌群结构也存在显著差异。胡麻根际细菌的菌群结构受有机质、全氮、速效钾的影响,不同处理胡麻根际细菌均具有相同的优势菌群,但各优势菌群的相对丰度存在较大差异。胡麻根际以变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门和拟杆菌门为优势菌门。变形菌门和放线菌门随着有机肥施用量的增加而增加,放线菌门随有机肥施用量的增加而降低。WGCNA分析鉴定15个共表达模块,其中Red和Pink模块与有机质(OM)显著正相关。有机肥的施用增加了细菌网的复杂度,结合WGCNA分析鉴定出7个关键OTUs。综上,有机肥的施用促进了胡麻的生长,改变了胡麻根际土壤的细菌群落结构和网络复杂度。

关键词: 胡麻, 有机肥, 根际微生物组, 互作网络构建, 细菌多样性

Abstract:

To explore the impact of organic fertilizer on the physiological growth of flax and the rhizosphere bacterial communities,and to investigate green high-yield cultivation techniques for flax in dryland,a field experiment was conducted using Baxuan No.3 as the material.The study examined the effects of four different fertilization treatments(T0:no application; T1:low quantity of cow manure; T2:medium cow manure; T3:high quantity of cow manure)on the physiological growth changes,nitrogen utilization,dry matter accumulation,and the diversity,community composition,co-occurrence networks,and metabolic pathways of the rhizosphere bacteria of flax,as well as discussing the environmental factors driving the differences in bacterial communities.The results showed that the T3 treatment resulted in higher flax production. Compared to the control, this fertilization condition also had the highest indicators for plant height, capsule fruit number per plant, thousand-grain weight, and nitrogen use efficiency, which form the physiological basis for stable yield following the application of organic fertilizer.The application of organic fertilizer significantly affected the diversity and richness of the rhizosphere soil bacteria of flax,and there were significant differences in the structure of the rhizosphere bacterial community.The population structure of the rhizosphere bacteria of flax was influenced by organic matter,total nitrogen,and available phosphorus.The dominant flora in the rhizosphere of flax was the same across different treatments,but the relative abundance of each dominant flora varied significantly.The rhizosphere of flax was dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,and Bacteroidetes.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria increased with the increase of organic fertilizer treatments,while that of Acidobacteria decreased with the increase of organic fertilizer treatments.WGCNA analysis identified 15 co-expression modules,with the Red and Pink modules showing a significant positive correlation with organic matter content.The application of organic fertilizer increased the complexity of the bacterial network,and seven key OTUs were identified through combined WGCNA analysis.In conclusion,the application of organic fertilizer promoted the growth of flax and altered the structure and network complexity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of flax.

Key words: Oilseed flax, Organic fertilizer, Rhizosphere microbiome, Co-network construction, Bacterial diversity

郭娜, 李若楠, 白苇, 马建富, 李爱荣, 乔海明, 刘栋, 郭英杰, 李峰. 不同用量有机肥对胡麻生长及根际细菌群落的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(1): 146-156. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194992.

GUO Na, LI Ruonan, BAI Wei, MA Jianfu, LI Airong, QIAO Haiming, LIU Dong, GUO Yingjie, LI Feng. Responses of Flax Growth and Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities to Different Dosage of Organic Fertilizer[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(1): 146-156. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194992.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I1/146

图/表 10

图1 有机肥对胡麻根际土壤理化特性的影响不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig.1 The impact of organic fertilizer application on the physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil of flax Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

表1 有机肥对胡麻植株经济性状、产量和氮素效率的影响

Tab.1 Effect of different application rates of organic fertilizer on economic traits, yield and nitrogen efficiency of flax

性状 Trait	T0	T1	T2	T3
株高/cm PH	52.65±4.01b	58.33±2.35b	61.73±4.44a	64.15±5.35a
工艺长度/cm FL	38.50±2.66c	46.15±4.22b	48.55±3.44a	46.89±4.66a
主茎分枝数/个 BNMS	3.05±0.16b	4.75±0.20a	4.34±0.28a	5.05±0.30a
单株有效蒴果数/个 CNPP	7.40±1.01d	8.50±0.93c	10.10±1.04b	11.88±0.49a
单果籽粒数/粒 SNPC	7.47±0.51a	7.65±0.49a	7.48±0.45a	7.87±0.32a
千粒质量/g TGW	6.51±0.38c	6.75±0.20b	7.01±0.23ab	7.29±0.28a
籽粒产量/(kg/hm²) YG	1 375.20±3.83c	1 442.85±4.31b	1 484.55±3.35ab	1 586.40±5.86a
籽粒吸氮量/(kg/hm²) NUG	210.36±9.32d	232.22±10.83c	253.89±11.54b	266.53±6.61a
氮肥利用率/% Nue	_	27.51±2.19b	30.62±2.25a	31.76±2.73a
氮肥效率/(kg/kg) NFE	_	44.30±2.47b	50.60±3.13a	45.30±3.23ab
氮素吸收效率/% NUE	_	1.32±0.06c	1.50±0.13b	1.61±0.11a
氮收获指数/% NHI	78.65±2.15a	77.22±2.21a	77.37±1.83a	75.63±1.97b

图2 有机肥处理对胡麻干物质分配规律的影响

Fig.2 Effect of organic fertilizer treatment on dry matter distribution of flax

图3 不同有机肥的施用量下根际细菌群落多样性和组成变化

Fig.3 Changes of rhizosphere bacterial diversity and composition under different organic fertilizer application rates

图4 基于门水平RDA结果

Fig.4 RDA results based on phylum level

图5 确定软阈值和划分共表达网络模块

Fig.5 Determination of soft threshold and WGCNA module division

图6 模块与土壤理化特性的相关性分析和4个模块中关键OTUs互作网络

Fig.6 Correlation analysis between modules and soil physical and chemical properties and interaction network of hub OTUs

图7 不同有机肥的施用量下根际细菌共现网络分析

Fig.7 Rhizosphere bacterial co-occurrence network analysis under different organic fertilizer application rates

表2 根际土壤细菌共现网络拓扑性质

Table 2 Topological properties of rhizosphere soil bacterial co-occurrence networks

网络参数 Network parameters	T0	T1	T2	T3
总节点 Total nodes	109	122	140	156
总边数 Total edges	179	302	366	380
正相关边数 Positive edges	127	245	247	266
负相关边数 Negative edges	52	57	119	128
平均度 Average degree	3.284	4.951	5.229	5.629
平均聚类系数 Average clustering coefficient	0.479	0.464	0.492	0.492
图密度 Graph density	0.030	0.041	0.038	0.028
网络直径 Network diameter	17	15	13	10
模块化 Modularity	0.790	0.588	0.573	0.562
平均加权度 Average weighted degree	2.793	4.222	4.445	4.635
平均路径长度 Average path length	5.722	4.807	4.917	4.887

图8 根际细菌Top20属系统发生树和16S细菌功能预测

Fig.8 Phylogenetic tree of Top20 rhizosphere bacterial genera and prediction of 16S bacterial flora function

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