生物有机肥与化肥配施对川泽泻农艺性状和产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192760

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为川泽泻栽培提供科学生态种植施肥方案,探究生物有机肥和无机肥配施对川泽泻农艺性状和产量的影响。采用“3414”试验设计,考察分析川泽泻全株13个农艺性状和产量。研究发现,有机肥能显著促进泽泻叶片数增加;有机肥和化肥配施可促进泽泻叶片生长和块茎膨大,显著提高产量。处理4(X₂Y₀Z₂)的川泽泻地上部分农艺性状,如叶片数、叶宽、叶片干质量和株高表现最佳。处理14(X₂Y₁Z₁)的川泽泻地下部分农艺性状表现更佳,如块茎鲜质量和干质量、块茎宽和长等,其产量最高为2 386 kg/hm²。通过聚类分析发现,有机无机肥配施主要影响川泽泻块茎鲜质量和干质量、产量、块茎宽、块茎高、叶长、叶宽。并且发现产量和块茎宽能划分为同一类指标,二者极显著正相关,相关系数为0.97。因而川泽泻块茎宽可被选为预测产量、选种的一个主要农艺性状指标。通过灰色关联度和DTOPSIS 法综合评价各处理材料,综合产量和典型农艺性状最佳处理为处理14,最佳处理为生物有机肥150 kg/hm²、尿素420 kg/hm²、过磷酸钙200 kg/hm²、硫酸钾(K₂SO₄≥51.0%)240 kg/hm²、硫酸锌(ZnSO₄·7H₂O)7.5 kg/hm²、硼酸(H₃BO₃)9.5 kg/hm²、钼酸铵((NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O)0.075 kg/hm²。综合本研究结果可知,有机肥和无机肥配施可以有效促进川泽泻生长,增加其药材产量。

关键词: 川泽泻, 生物有机肥, 农艺性状, 产量, 3414

Abstract:

Provide scientific ecological planting and fertilization scheme for the cultivation of Alismaorientale(Sam.)Juzep.,and explore the effects of combined application of biological organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer on the agronomic properties and yield of A. orientale.In this study,the "3414" experimental design was used to investigate and analyze 13 agronomic characters and yield of A. orientale.It was found that organic fertilizer could significantly increase the number of blades;the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can promote the growth of leaves and tuber expansion,and significantly improve the yield.The aboveground agronomic characters of A. orientale treated with 4(X₂Y₀Z₂),such as leaf number,leaf width,leaf dry weight and plant height,performed best.The agronomic characters of the underground part of A. orientale treated with 14(X₂Y₁Z₁)were more,such as fresh and dry weight of tubers,width and length of tubers,and the highest yield was 2 386 kg/ha.Through cluster analysis,it was found that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers mainly affected the fresh and dry weight,yield,tuber width,tuber height,leaf length and leaf width of A. orientale.It was found that the yield and tuber width could be divided into the same kind of indicators,and there was a very significant positive correlation between them,with a correlation coefficient of 0.97.Therefore,the tuber width of A. orientale can be selected as a main agronomic character index for predicting yield and seed selection.Through the comprehensive evaluation of grey correlation degree and DTOPSIS Method,the best treatment is X₂Y₁Z₁, that is bio organic fertilizer 150 kg/ha,urea 420 kg/ha, calcium super phosphate 200 kg/ha, potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄≥51.0%) 240 kg/ha, zinc sulfate(ZnSO₄·7H₂O)7.5 kg/ha, boric acid(H₃BO₃) 9.5 kg/ha, ammonium molybdate((NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O)0.075 kg/ha.Based on the results of this study,the combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer can effectively promote the growth of A.orientale and increase it’s yield.

Key words: Alismaorientale(Sam.)Juzep., Bio organic fertilizer, Agronomic character, Yield, 3414

肖婕妤, 王圣涵, 邓秋林, 余振怀, 许悦, 文秋姝, 张东钊, 陈兴福. 生物有机肥与化肥配施对川泽泻农艺性状和产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(S1): 256-267. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192760.

XIAO Jieyu, WANG Shenghan, DENG Qiulin, YU Zhenhuai, XU Yue, WEN Qiushu, ZHANG Dongzhao, CHEN Xingfu. Effects of Combined Application of Bio Organic Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer on Agronomic Characters and Yield of Alismaorientale(Sam.)Juzep[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(S1): 256-267. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192760.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/IS1/256

图/表 21

表1 各因素水平及编码

Tab.1 Levels and codes of various factorskg/hm²

因子 Factor
因子 Factor		1	2	3
氮磷钾NPK(X)	430		860		1 290
锌硼钼ZnBMo(Y)	17.075		34.150		51.225
有机肥Organic fertilizer(Z)	150		300		450

表2 每盆泽泻肥料施用量

Tab.2 Fertilizer application amount of Alismaorientalis per potg

序号 Number	处理 Handle	氮肥 N	磷肥 P	钾肥 K	锌 Zn	硼 B	钼 Mo	有机肥 OF
1	X₀Y₀Z₀	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
2	X₀Y₂Z₂	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.844	1.069	0.008	5.625
3	X₁Y₂Z₂	3.938	1.875	2.200	0.844	1.069	0.008	5.625
4	X₂Y₀Z₂	7.875	3.750	4.500	0.000	0.000	0.000	5.625
5	X₂Y₁Z₂	7.875	3.750	4.500	0.422	0.534	0.004	5.625
6	X₂Y₂Z₂	7.875	3.750	4.500	0.844	1.069	0.008	5.625
7	X₂Y₃Z₂	7.875	3.750	4.500	1.266	1.603	0.013	5.625
序号 Number	处理 Handle	氮肥 N	磷肥 P	钾肥 K	锌 Zn	硼 B	钼 Mo	有机肥 OF
8	X₂Y₂Z₀	7.875	3.750	4.500	0.844	1.069	0.008	0.000
9	X₂Y₂Z₁	7.875	3.750	4.500	0.844	1.069	0.008	2.813
10	X₂Y₂Z₃	7.875	3.750	4.500	0.844	1.069	0.008	8.438
11	X₃Y₂Z₂	11.813	5.625	6.750	0.844	1.069	0.008	5.625
12	X₁Y₁Z₂	3.938	1.875	2.250	0.422	0.534	0.004	5.625
13	X₁Y₂Z₁	3.938	1.875	2.250	0.844	1.069	0.008	2.813
14	X₂Y₁Z₁	7.875	3.750	4.500	0.422	0.534	0.004	2.813

图1 氮磷钾对泽泻地上部分农艺性状的影响不同小写字母表示差异显著,P<0.05。图2,3,5,6,7,9同。

Fig.1 Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on aboveground agronomic characters of A· orientalis Different lowercase indicate significant difference,P<0.05.The same as Fig.2,3,5,6,7,9.

图2 微肥对泽泻地上部分农艺性状的影响

Fig.2 Effect of micro fertilizer on aboveground agronomic characters of A. orientalis

图3 有机肥对泽泻地上部分农艺性状的影响

Fig.3 Effect of organic fertilizer on aboveground agronomic characters of A. orientalis

图4 各处理川泽泻地上部分农艺性状

Fig.4 Agronomic characters of aboveground parts of A. orientalis in each treatment

图5 氮磷钾肥对泽泻块茎农艺性状的影响

Fig.5 Effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on agronomic characters of rhizome of A. orientalis

图6 微肥对泽泻块茎农艺性状的影响

Fig.6 Effect of micro fertilizer on agronomic characters of rhizome of A. orientalis

图7 有机肥对泽泻块茎农艺性状的影响

Fig.7 Effect of organic fertilizer on agronomic characters of rhizome of A·orientalis

图8 各处理泽泻块茎农艺性状

Fig.8 Agronomic characters of rhizome of A. orientalis in each treatment

图9 氮磷钾(A)、微肥(B)、有机肥(C)对泽泻须根农艺性状的影响

Fig.9 Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium(A),micro fertilizer(B)and organic fertilizer(C)on agronomic characters of fibrous roots of A. orientalis

图10 各处理泽泻须根农艺性状

Fig.10 Fresh and dry weight of Rhizomaalismatis fibrous roots in each treatment

表3 不同施肥处理泽泻产量

Tab.3 Yield of A·orientalis under different fertilization treatmentskg/hm²

序号 Number	14	4	5	9	10	12	8
排名Rank	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
产量Yield	2 386±179	2 291±223	1 952±122	1 871±194	1 829±184	1 769±325	1 767±189
显著性Significance α=0.05	a	ab	abc	bcd	cde	cdef	cdefg
增产率/%Yield increase rate	777.73	742.77	617.91	588.36	572.65	550.54	550.02
序号 Number	11	3	6	7	13	2	1
排名Rank	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
产量Yield	1 738±166	1 631±347	1 566±241	1 423±349	1 384±244	317±46	272±25
显著性Significance α=0.05	cdefgh	cdefghi	cdefghij	defghijk	efghijkl	fghijklm	m
增产率/% Yield increase rate	539.19	500.07	475.89	423.35	409.12	16.76	0

图11 14个农艺性状聚类分析树状图 1.块茎鲜质量;2.块茎干质量;3.块茎高;4.块茎宽;5.块茎体积;6.叶片数;7.叶长;8.叶宽;9.株高;10.叶片鲜质量;11.叶片干质量;12.须根鲜质量;13.须根鲜质量;14.产量。

Fig.11 Dendrogram of cluster analysis of 14 agronomic characters 1.Tuber fresh weight;2.Tuber dry weight;3.Tuber height;4.Tuber width;5.Tuber volume;6.Leaf number;7.Leaf length;8.Leaf width;9.Plant height;10.Leaf fresh weight;11.Leaf dry weight;12.Fibrous root fresh weight;13.Fibrous root fresh weight;14 Yield.

表4 Ⅰ类农艺性状间相关分析

Tab.4 Correlation scores of class Ⅰ agronomic characters

相关系数 Correlation coefficient	块茎鲜质量 Tuber fresh weight	块茎干质量 Tuber dry weight
块茎鲜质量 Tuber fresh weight	1.00
块茎干质量 Tuber dry weight	0.97^**	1.00

表5 Ⅱ类农艺性状间相关分析

Tab.5 Correlation analysis between class

相关系数 Correlation coefficient	产量 Yield	块茎宽 Tuber width
产量 Yield	1.00
块茎宽 Tuber width	0.97^**	1.00

表6 Ⅲ类农艺性状间相关分析

Tab.6 Correlation analysis among class Ⅲ agronomic characters

相关系数 Correlation coefficient	块茎高 Tuber height	叶片数 Number of blades	叶长 Leaf length	须根干质量 Dry weight of fibrous root
块茎高Tuber height	1.00
叶片数Number of blades	0.86^**	1.00
叶长Leaf length	0.93^**	0.89^**	1.00
须根干质量
Dry weight of fibrous root	0.66^**	0.54^*	0.70^**	1.00

表7 Ⅳ类农艺性状间相关分析

Tab.7 Correlation analysis of class IV agronomic characters

相关系数 Correlation coefficient	块茎体积 Tuber volume	叶宽 Leaf width	株高 Plant height	叶片鲜质量 Leaf fresh weight	叶片干质量 Leaf dry weight	须根鲜质量 Fresh weight of fibrous root
块茎体积Tuber volume	1.00
叶宽Leaf width	0.93^**	1.00
株高Plant height	0.92^**	0.97^**	1.00
叶片鲜质量Leaf fresh weight	0.94^**	0.95^**	0.95^**	1.00
叶片干质量Leaf dry weight	0.91^**	0.94^**	0.95^**	0.98^**	1.00
须根鲜质量 Fresh weight of fibrous root	0.76^**	0.83^**	0.82^**	0.79^**	0.87^**	1.00

表8 各类相关指数

Tab.8 Various relevant indexes

农艺性状 Agronomic traits	Ⅰ					Ⅱ
农艺性状 Agronomic traits	块茎鲜质量 Tuber fresh weight		块茎干质量 Tuber dry weight			产量 Yield		块茎宽 Tuber width
$R 2 ¯$	0.940 9		0.940 9			0.921 6		0.921 6
农艺性状 Agronomic traits	Ⅲ
农艺性状 Agronomic traits	块茎高 Tuber height		叶片数 Number of blades			叶长 Leaf length		须根干质量 Dry weight of fibrous root
$R 2 ¯$	0.684 4		0.614 4			0.720 3		0.418 5
农艺性状 Agronomic traits	Ⅳ
农艺性状 Agronomic traits	块茎体积 Tuber volume	叶宽 Leaf width		株高 Plant height	叶片鲜质量 Leaf fresh weight		叶片干质量 Leaf dry weight		须根鲜质量 Fresh weight of fibrous root
$R 2 ¯$	0.800 2	0.856 1		0.718 4	0.854 6		0.714 9		0.664 0

表8 各类相关指数

Tab.8 Various relevant indexes

农艺性状 Agronomic traits	Ⅰ					Ⅱ
农艺性状 Agronomic traits	块茎鲜质量 Tuber fresh weight		块茎干质量 Tuber dry weight			产量 Yield		块茎宽 Tuber width
$R 2 ¯$	0.940 9		0.940 9			0.921 6		0.921 6
农艺性状 Agronomic traits	Ⅲ
农艺性状 Agronomic traits	块茎高 Tuber height		叶片数 Number of blades			叶长 Leaf length		须根干质量 Dry weight of fibrous root
$R 2 ¯$	0.684 4		0.614 4			0.720 3		0.418 5
农艺性状 Agronomic traits	Ⅳ
农艺性状 Agronomic traits	块茎体积 Tuber volume	叶宽 Leaf width		株高 Plant height	叶片鲜质量 Leaf fresh weight		叶片干质量 Leaf dry weight		须根鲜质量 Fresh weight of fibrous root
$R 2 ¯$	0.800 2	0.856 1		0.718 4	0.854 6		0.714 9		0.664 0

表9 参评指标的关联度γ_i和权重值ω_k

Tab.9 Correlation degree of participating indicators γ_i and weight values ω_k

参评指标 Participating indicators	叶长 Leaf length	叶宽 Leaf width	块茎鲜质量 Tuber fresh weight	块茎干质量 Tuber dry weight	须根干质量 Dry weight of fibrous root	须根鲜质量 Fresh weight of fibrous root	产量 Yield
γ_i	0.775 5	0.790 9	0.667 5	0.620 7	0.652 1	0.690 2	0.620 7
ω_k	0.161 0	0.164 2	0.138 5	0.128 8	0.135 4	0.143 3	0.128 8

表10 待评价材料的加权关联度ri与Ci排序值比较

Tab.10 Comparison of weighted correlation ri and Ci ranking values of materials to be evaluated

序号 Serial number	灰色关联度分析 Grey correlation analysis		DTOPSIS
序号 Serial number	ri	排名 Rank	Ci	排名 Rank
1	0.272 4	14	0.026 1	14
2	0.275 3	13	0.044 9	13
3	0.482 3	8	0.696 7	8
4	0.621 7	2	0.913 5	2
5	0.529 9	3	0.803 8	3
6	0.470 7	10	0.650 9	10
7	0.427 2	12	0.575 0	12
8	0.473 5	9	0.677 9	9
9	0.514 2	6	0.774 5	4
10	0.489 8	7	0.744 8	6
11	0.520 9	4	0.759 0	5
12	0.515 3	5	0.725 9	7
13	0.438 6	11	0.607 9	11
14	0.657 7	1	0.934 4	1

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