酒糟有机肥连续施用对湄潭翠芽茶叶生物效应的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193375

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究酒糟有机肥对湄潭翠芽茶叶的施用效果,为酒糟有机肥在湄潭翠芽生产中的科学施用和推广应用提供理论依据。采用田间试验研究连续2 a施用酒糟发酵有机肥(不施肥,CK;常规施肥,FP;酒糟有机肥750 kg/hm²,JZ1;酒糟有机肥2 250 kg/hm²,JZ2;酒糟有机肥3 750 kg/hm²,JZ3;酒糟有机肥9 000 kg/hm²,JZ4)对茶叶产量、产量构成、品质和养分积累的影响。结果表明:与FP处理相比,施用酒糟有机肥使鲜茶产量提高了2.58%~7.52%(2020年)和0.67%~11.92%(2021年),干茶产量提高了5.18%~13.90%(2020年)和4.21%~19.62%(2021年),以JZ3处理产量最优;酒糟有机肥提高了茶叶的芽密度和百芽质量,而且使茶叶中氨基酸含量提高了2.35%~12.60%(2021年),并且降低了茶叶中的酚氨比,有利于改善茶叶品质;与FP处理相比,施用酒糟有机肥的施用还提高了茶叶的氮、磷、钾素养分积累综合来看,施用酒糟有机肥能够实现湄潭翠芽茶叶增产提质,可推荐酒糟有机肥2 250~3 750 kg/hm²作为湄潭翠芽茶叶冬季基肥的最适施用量。

关键词: 绿茶, 酒糟有机肥, 产量, 品质, 养分积累

Abstract:

This pepper was to study the effects of distillers lee organic fertilizer on green Meitancuiya tea,so as to provide theoretical basis for the scientific application and popularization of distillers lee organic fertilizer.A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of distillers lee organic fertilizer(CK: no fertilizer;FP: farmers practice;JZ1: distillers lee organic fertilizer of 750 kg/ha;JZ2: distillers lee organic fertilizer of 2 250 kg/ha;JZ3: distillers lee organic fertilizer of 3 750 kg/ha;JZ4: distillers lee organic fertilizer of 9 000 kg/ha) on the yield,yield composition,quality and nutrient accumulation of tea.The results showed that the application of distillers lee organic fertilizer increased the yield of fresh tea by 2.58%-7.52%(2020)and 0.67%-11.92%(2021),the yield of dry tea increased by 5.18%-13.90%(2020)and 4.21%-19.62%(2021)compared to the FP treatment,with the highest yield in the JZ3 treatment.Application of distillers lee organic fertilizer increased the bud density and 100-bud weight of green tea,and also increased the amino acid content of green tea by 2.35%-12.60%(2021),and reduced the phenol-ammonia ratio,which was beneficial to improving the quality of green tea.Compared with the FP treatment,the application of distillers lee organic fertilizer increased the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.The application of distillers lee organic fertilizer can increase the yield and quality of Meitancuiya tea,and 2 250-3 750 kg/ha can be recommended as the optimal application rate of distillers lee organic fertilizer for green tea cultivation and planting in Meitancuiya tea.

Key words: Green tea, Distillers lee organic fertilizer, Yield, Quality, Nutrient accumulation

胡伟, 张萌, 芶久兰, 魏全全, 龚确, 周年敏, 王艺. 酒糟有机肥连续施用对湄潭翠芽茶叶生物效应的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(S1): 268-274. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193375.

HU Wei, ZHANG Meng, GOU Jiulan, WEI Quanquan, GONG Que, ZHOU Nianmin, WANG Yi. Effects of Continuous Application of Distillers Lee Organic Fertilizer on Biological of Meitancuiya Tea[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(S1): 268-274. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193375.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/IS1/268

图/表 5

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处理 Treatment	芽密度/(个/m²) Bud density		百芽质量/g 100-Bud weight
处理 Treatment	2020年	2021年	2020年	2021年
CK	212±18b	628±20d	8.92±0.28a	8.98±0.16b
FP	240±18ab	683±30c	8.96±0.10a	9.02±0.38b
JZ1	241±25ab	713±12bc	9.01±0.38a	9.37±0.12b
JZ2	243±21ab	809±29a	9.15±0.22a	9.93±0.20a
JZ3	262±10a	835±19a	9.41±0.30a	10.02±0.18a
JZ4	257±15a	742±4b	9.25±0.32a	9.20±0.53b

处理 Treatment	芽密度/(个/m²) Bud density		百芽质量/g 100-Bud weight
处理 Treatment	2020年	2021年	2020年	2021年
CK	212±18b	628±20d	8.92±0.28a	8.98±0.16b
FP	240±18ab	683±30c	8.96±0.10a	9.02±0.38b
JZ1	241±25ab	713±12bc	9.01±0.38a	9.37±0.12b
JZ2	243±21ab	809±29a	9.15±0.22a	9.93±0.20a
JZ3	262±10a	835±19a	9.41±0.30a	10.02±0.18a
JZ4	257±15a	742±4b	9.25±0.32a	9.20±0.53b

处理 Treatment	氨基酸/(g/kg) Amino acid		茶多酚/(g/kg) Tea polyphenols		咖啡碱/(g/kg) Caffeine		酚氨比 Phenol ammonia ratio
处理 Treatment	2020年	2021年	2020年	2021年	2020年	2021年	2020年	2021年
CK	45.14±3.88a	45.72±4.57c	203.83±14.39a	194.36±16.20a	39.45±1.42a	37.46±4.28a	4.55±0.66a	4.26±0.08a
FP	45.87±4.60a	53.72±3.42ab	192.27±6.26ab	185.56±10.68a	39.49±1.16a	36.72±1.66a	4.23±0.54ab	3.51±0.08b
JZ1	46.25±1.57a	53.46±1.27b	190.51±4.40ab	188.90±15.66a	38.09±3.52a	35.67±3.31a	4.12±0.14ab	3.47±0.16b
JZ2	48.92±1.54a	54.98±3.82ab	187.59±4.41ab	177.30±13.26a	38.70±0.43a	35.06±1.27a	3.84±0.20b	3.24±0.39bc
JZ3	49.56±3.34a	60.49±5.07a	186.49±15.07ab	177.48±13.75a	38.16±1.69a	35.51±3.68a	3.76±0.17b	2.95±0.36c
JZ4	47.95±2.94a	55.24±4.33ab	174.73±12.53b	182.75±10.04a	38.25±1.05a	35.15±2.79a	3.65±0.19b	3.32±0.32bc

处理 Treatment	氨基酸/(g/kg) Amino acid		茶多酚/(g/kg) Tea polyphenols		咖啡碱/(g/kg) Caffeine		酚氨比 Phenol ammonia ratio
处理 Treatment	2020年	2021年	2020年	2021年	2020年	2021年	2020年	2021年
CK	45.14±3.88a	45.72±4.57c	203.83±14.39a	194.36±16.20a	39.45±1.42a	37.46±4.28a	4.55±0.66a	4.26±0.08a
FP	45.87±4.60a	53.72±3.42ab	192.27±6.26ab	185.56±10.68a	39.49±1.16a	36.72±1.66a	4.23±0.54ab	3.51±0.08b
JZ1	46.25±1.57a	53.46±1.27b	190.51±4.40ab	188.90±15.66a	38.09±3.52a	35.67±3.31a	4.12±0.14ab	3.47±0.16b
JZ2	48.92±1.54a	54.98±3.82ab	187.59±4.41ab	177.30±13.26a	38.70±0.43a	35.06±1.27a	3.84±0.20b	3.24±0.39bc
JZ3	49.56±3.34a	60.49±5.07a	186.49±15.07ab	177.48±13.75a	38.16±1.69a	35.51±3.68a	3.76±0.17b	2.95±0.36c
JZ4	47.95±2.94a	55.24±4.33ab	174.73±12.53b	182.75±10.04a	38.25±1.05a	35.15±2.79a	3.65±0.19b	3.32±0.32bc

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