秸秆覆盖配施氮肥对旱地小麦产量和CO<sub>2</sub>排放的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196031

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究西南丘陵旱地提高小麦产量和减少温室气体CO₂排放的适宜栽培方式,采用二因素裂区设计,以秸秆覆盖(SM:8 000 kg/hm²)和不覆盖(NSM:0 kg/hm²)为主区,以不施氮(N0:0)、优化减量施氮(N1:120 kg/hm²)和常规施氮(N2:180 kg/hm²)为裂区,共计6个处理。结果表明,秸秆覆盖(SM)使小麦产量较无覆盖(NSM)提升29.4%(2 a)。2个试验年度,N1处理较N0处理小麦产量分别增加82.9%,133.8%,N2处理的小麦产量则分别提高84.6%,148.9%。SM处理相比NSM处理,小麦拔节期、开花期和成熟期土壤含水量分别增加3.31,2.78,2.40百分点(2 a)。SM处理相比NSM处理土壤容重显著降低。SM相比NSM处理土壤有机碳和全氮含量显著增加,施氮(N1、N2)比不施氮(N0)处理则提升了土壤全氮含量。在小麦整个生育期秸秆覆盖提高了CO₂排放通量,且随施氮量的增加CO₂排放通量提高。SM处理比NSM处理CO₂累积排放量增加45.72%,N1和N2处理较N0处理CO₂累积排放量分别提高48.88%,71.70%。进一步分析CO₂排放强度,秸秆覆盖对CO₂排放强度影响不显著,N1处理CO₂排放强度显著低于N0和N2处理。采用Mantel分析CO₂排放影响因素发现,土壤水分、全氮、有机碳和小麦产量显著影响CO₂排放。研究表明,综合考虑经济和生态效益,以秸秆覆盖配施120 kg/hm²氮肥为西南丘陵旱地小麦比较适宜的种植方式。

关键词: 小麦, 秸秆覆盖, 氮肥, CO₂排放, 产量, 土壤理化性质

Abstract:

To investigate suitable cultivation practices for enhancing wheat yield and reducing greenhouse gas CO₂ emissions in hilly drylands of Southwest China,this study employed a two-factor split-plot design.The main plots consisted of straw mulching(SM:8 000 kg/ha)and no straw mulching(NSM:0 kg/ha),while subplots included three nitrogen application levels:no nitrogen(N0:0),optimized reduced nitrogen(N1:120 kg/ha),and conventional nitrogen(N2:180 kg/ha),forming six treatments.The results demonstrated that SM increased wheat yield by 29.4% compared to NSM(2 a).The results of two years showed that the wheat yield of N1 treatment increased by 82.9% and 133.8% respectively compared with N0 treatment,and the wheat yield of N2 treatment increased by 84.6% and 148.9% respectively compared with N0 treatment.Compared with the NSM,the soil water content of SM in the jointing stage,flowering stage and mature stage of wheat increased by 3.31,2.78 and 2.40 percentage points(2 a),respectively.Additionally,compared with NSM,the soil bulk density of SM was significantly reduced.Straw mulching significantly elevated soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)contents,while nitrogen application increased TN content.Throughout the entire growth period of wheat,straw mulching increased the CO₂emission flux,and this flux rose in tandem with the increase in the nitrogen application rate.The cumulative CO₂emissions of the SM treatment were 45.72% higher than those of the NSM treatment.Similarly,the cumulative CO₂ emissions of the N1 and N2 treatments were 48.88% and 71.70% higher than those of the N0 treatment respectively.A further analysis of the CO₂emission intensity revealed that straw mulching had no significant impact on the CO₂ emission intensity,whereas the N1 treatment exhibited a significantly lower CO₂emission intensity than the N0 and N2 treatments.Through Mantel analysis,it was discovered that soil moisture,total nitrogen,organic carbon,and wheat yield had a significant influence on CO₂emissions.The study demonstrates that the integrated practice of straw mulching combined with 120 kg/ha nitrogen application represents the most suitable cultivation approach for wheat in hilly drylands of Southwest China,achieving optimal balance between economic viability and ecological sustainability.

Key words: Wheat, Straw mulching, Nitrogen fertilizer, CO₂ emissions, Yield, Soil physicochemical properties

中图分类号:

S512.1小麦

陈松鹤, 唐正昊, 许航, 周甜, 樊高琼. 秸秆覆盖配施氮肥对旱地小麦产量和CO₂排放的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(3): 169-177. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196031.

CHEN Songhe, TANG Zhenghao, XU Hang, ZHOU Tian, FAN Gaoqiong. The Effect of Straw Mulching and Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined Application on the Yield and CO₂ Emissions of Dryland Wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(3): 169-177. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196031.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I3/169

图/表 10

图1 2018-2020小麦生长季气象数据

Fig.1 Meteorological data of wheat growing season in 2018-2020

图2 秸秆覆盖与施氮对小麦产量的影响不同小写字母代表处理间存在显著差异(P<0.05);^**和^*分别表示在覆盖处理(M)和氮处理(N)在统计学上差异显著(P<0.01和P<0.05)。图3-6,8同。

Fig.2 The effect of combined application of straw mulching and nitrogen fertilizer on wheat yield Different lowercase letters represent significant differences between treatments(P<0.05);^**and ^* represent statistically significant differences(P<0.01 and P<0.05)between the M and N,respectively.The same as Fig.3-6,8.

图3 秸秆覆盖与施氮对小麦不同生育时期土壤水分的影响

Fig.3 The influence of combined straw mulching and nitrogen fertilizer application on soil moisture at different growth stages of wheat

图4 秸秆覆盖与施氮对土壤容重的影响

Fig.4 The effect of combined application of straw mulching and nitrogen fertilizer on soil bulk density

图5 秸秆覆盖与施氮对小麦不同生育时期土壤有机碳的影响

Fig.5 The effect of combined application of straw mulching and nitrogen fertilizer on soil organic carbon at different growth stages of wheat

图6 秸秆覆盖与施氮对小麦不同生育时期土壤全氮的影响

Fig.6 The effect of straw mulching combined with nitrogen fertilizer on soil total nitrogen during different growth stages of wheat

图7 秸秆覆盖与施氮对小麦全生育期CO₂排放通量的影响 NSMN0.无秸秆覆盖不施氮;NSMN1.无秸秆覆盖施氮120 kg/hm²;NSMN2.无秸秆覆盖施氮180 kg/hm²;SMN0.秸秆覆盖不施氮;SMN1.秸秆覆盖配施氮肥120 kg/hm²;SMN2.秸秆覆盖配施氮肥180 kg/hm²。

Fig.7 Effect of straw mulching combined with nitrogen fertilizer on CO₂ emission flux during wheat growth period NSMN0.No straw mulching and no nitrogen application;NSMN1.Nitrogen application of 120 kg/ha without straw mulching;NSMN2.Nitrogen application without straw mulching at 180 kg/ha;SMN0.Straw mulching without nitrogen application;SMN1.Straw mulching combined with nitrogen fertilizer application of 120 kg/ha;SMN2.Straw mulching combined with nitrogen fertilizer application of 180 kg/ha.

图8 秸秆覆盖配施氮肥对CO₂排放及排放强度的影响

Fig.8 Effect of straw mulching combined with nitrogen fertilizer on CO₂ emissions and emission intensity

表1 秸秆覆盖配施氮肥条件下各指标的Z值得分

Tab.1 Z-scores for each indicator under the straw mulching combined with nitrogen fertilizer

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	施氮量 Nitrogen level	土壤水分 Soil moisture	土壤容重 Soil bulk density	土壤有机碳 SOC	土壤全氮 Total nitrogen	产量 Yield	二氧化碳排放量CO₂ emissions	总得分 Scores
2018-2019	NSM	N0	-1.49	0.39	-1.11	-1.66	-1.38	-1.42	-6.66
		N1	-0.54	0.86	-0.92	0.07	-0.15	-0.50	-1.17
		N2	-0.58	1.19	-0.87	0.16	-0.11	0.06	-0.16
	SM	N0	0.54	-1.00	0.84	-0.65	-0.83	-0.49	-1.59
		N1	0.86	-0.61	0.87	1.03	1.22	0.91	4.28
		N2	1.22	-0.84	1.20	1.05	1.24	1.43	5.30
2019-2020	NSM	N0	-1.40	0.43	-1.26	-1.40	-1.48	-	-5.11
		N1	-0.63	0.97	-0.77	-0.65	0.40	-	-0.68
		N2	-0.64	0.74	-0.45	0.48	0.47	-	0.60
	SM	N0	0.58	-0.80	0.20	-0.53	-1.18	-	-1.74
		N1	1.14	-0.85	1.10	0.75	0.71	-	2.86
		N2	0.95	-0.48	1.18	1.36	1.07	-	4.08

图9 CO₂排放与小麦产量和土壤理化性质的关系

Fig.9 Relationship between CO₂ emissions and wheat yield and soil physicochemical properties

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秸秆覆盖配施氮肥对旱地小麦产量和CO₂排放的影响

The Effect of Straw Mulching and Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined Application on the Yield and CO₂ Emissions of Dryland Wheat

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秸秆覆盖配施氮肥对旱地小麦产量和CO2排放的影响

The Effect of Straw Mulching and Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined Application on the Yield and CO2 Emissions of Dryland Wheat

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秸秆覆盖配施氮肥对旱地小麦产量和CO₂排放的影响

The Effect of Straw Mulching and Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined Application on the Yield and CO₂ Emissions of Dryland Wheat