施磷量对新疆密植滴灌水肥一体化玉米产量和磷肥利用效率的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196083

华北农学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 119-128. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196083

所属专题： 玉米；土壤肥料；

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇下一篇

施磷量对新疆密植滴灌水肥一体化玉米产量和磷肥利用效率的影响

李颖¹^,², 沈东萍¹^,², 李少昆¹^,², 薛军²^,³, 王克如², 明博², 谢瑞芝², 翟娟¹^,², 张园梦², 李忠聪¹, 李浩晔¹, 严智婷¹, 程志博¹, 张国强²

¹ 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 新疆石河子 832003
² 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所, 农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室, 北京 100081
³ 中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心, 新疆昌吉 831100

收稿日期:2025-04-24 出版日期:2026-05-06
通讯作者:
张国强(1987—),男,甘肃天水人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事玉米高产栽培生理生态与资源高效利用研究。
程志博(1988—),男,甘肃平凉人,副教授,博士,硕士生导师,主要从事农田养分循环与调控机制、植物-土壤相互作用研究。
作者简介:
李颖(1998—),女,河南商丘人,在读硕士,主要从事作物高产生理研究。
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2023B02040-1); 国家现代农业(玉米)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-15); 中国农业科学院重大科研任务(CAAS-ZDRW202004)

Effect of Phosphorus Application on Yield and Phosphorus Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Maize in Xinjiang with Dense Drip Irrigation and Water Fertilization Integration

LI Ying¹^,², SHEN Dongping¹^,², LI Shaokun¹^,², XUE Jun²^,³, WANG Keru², MING Bo², XIE Ruizhi², ZHAI Juan¹^,², ZHANG Yuanmeng², LI Zhongcong¹, LI Haoye¹, YAN Zhiting¹, CHENG Zhibo¹, ZHANG Guoqiang²

¹ Agriculture College, Shihezi University,The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture,Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi 832003, China
² Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
³ Institute of Western Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China

Received:2025-04-24 Published:2026-05-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

明确滴灌水肥一体化条件下施磷量对新疆密植高产玉米生长、产量形成和磷肥利用率的影响机制,以期为新疆玉米高产稳产和化肥减量增效绿色可持续提供理论依据。试验于2023—2024年在新疆奇台农场玉米高产示范基地开展,在滴灌水肥一体化条件下设置不施磷肥(P₀)、纯磷60 kg/hm²(P₆₀)、 90 kg/hm²(P₉₀)、120 kg/hm²(P₁₂₀)、150 kg/hm²(P₁₅₀)和180 kg/hm²(P₁₈₀,CK)6个施磷水平,分析了密植滴灌水肥一体化玉米的叶面积指数(LAI)、光合势(LAD)、干物质积累、收获指数(HI)、穗部性状、产量及产量构成的变化,明确了施磷量对新疆密植滴灌玉米产量和磷肥利用率的影响。结果表明,在滴灌水肥一体化分次施磷条件下,2 a玉米产量随施磷量的增加均呈先增加后趋于平稳的趋势,在P₁₂₀处理时产量达到最大(18.79~20.94 t/hm²)。施磷量可显著影响玉米的千粒质量和穗粒数。施磷量主要影响了玉米果穗秃尖的长度,与P₁₅₀、P₁₈₀处理比较果穗秃尖长差异不显著。玉米关键生育期的LAI随磷肥用量的增加表现出先上升后平稳的变化趋势,其中吐丝期P₁₂₀处理下玉米的LAI最大为7.56~7.81,与P₁₅₀、P₁₈₀处理比较LAI差异不显著,与P₁₂₀处理相比,P₀处理显著降低了21.54%。此外,P₁₂₀处理的玉米花前、花后干物质累积量与P₁₅₀、P₁₈₀处理比较差异不显著,较P₀分别提高了37.91%,93.88%。综上所述,滴灌水肥一体化分次施磷显著影响了密植滴灌玉米的LAI、LAD、花前与花后干物质积累以及HI,缩短秃尖长度,提高了穗粒数和千粒质量进而提高玉米产量和磷肥利用效率,实现了玉米产量和磷肥利用效率的协同提高。

关键词: 春玉米, 施磷量, 水肥一体化, 产量, 磷肥利用率

Abstract:

The mechanism of the effect of phosphorus application rate on the growth,yield formation and phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate of high-yield maize in Xinjiang under the condition of drip irrigation and fertilizer integration was clarified,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the high and stable yield of maize in Xinjiang and the green sustainability of fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase.The experiment was carried out in the maize high-yield demonstration base of Qitai Farm in Xinjiang from 2023 to 2024.Under the condition of drip irrigation and fertilizer integration,six phosphorus application levels were set up:no phosphorus fertilizer(P₀),pure phosphorus 60 kg/ha (P₆₀),90 kg/ha(P₉₀),120 kg/ha (P₁₂₀),150 kg/ha (P₁₅₀)and 180 kg/ha(P₁₈₀,CK).The changes of leaf area index(LAI),photosynthetic potential(LAD),dry matter accumulation,harvest index(HI),ear traits,yield and yield components of maize with water and fertilizer integration of dense planting drip irrigation were analyzed,and the effect of phosphorus application rate on yield and phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate of maize with dense planting drip irrigation in Xinjiang was clarified.The results showed that under the condition of drip fertigation and phosphorus application,the maize yield increased first and then tended to be stable with the increase of phosphorus application in the two years,and the yield was the highest(18.79—20.94 t/ha)at P₁₂₀ treatment.The amount of phosphorus application significantly affected the 1000-grain weight and grain number per ear of maize.The amount of phosphorus application mainly affected the length of maize ear bald tip.Compared with P₁₅₀ and P₁₈₀ treatments,the difference of ear bald tip length was not significant.During the critical growth period of corn,LAI showed a trend of first increasing and then stabilizing with increasing phosphorus fertilizer application rates.The LAI of maize under P₁₂₀ treatment at silking stage was 7.56—7.81,which was not significantly different from P₁₅₀ and P₁₈₀ treatments,but was significantly reduced by 21.54% under P₀ compared with P₁₂₀.In addition,the dry matter accumulation before and after anthesis of maize treated with P₁₂₀ was not significantly different from that of P₁₅₀ and P₁₈₀ treatments,which was 37.91% and 93.88% higher than that of P₀,respectively.In summary,drip fertigation and phosphorus application significantly affected LAI,LAD,pre-anthesis and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and HI,shortened bald tip length,increased grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight,and then increased maize yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency,and realized the synergistic improvement of maize yield and phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency.

Key words: Spring maize, Phosphorus application rate, Drip fertigation, Yield, Phosphorus use efficiency

中图分类号:

李颖, 沈东萍, 李少昆, 薛军, 王克如, 明博, 谢瑞芝, 翟娟, 张园梦, 李忠聪, 李浩晔, 严智婷, 程志博, 张国强. 施磷量对新疆密植滴灌水肥一体化玉米产量和磷肥利用效率的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(2): 119-128. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196083.

LI Ying, SHEN Dongping, LI Shaokun, XUE Jun, WANG Keru, MING Bo, XIE Ruizhi, ZHAI Juan, ZHANG Yuanmeng, LI Zhongcong, LI Haoye, YAN Zhiting, CHENG Zhibo, ZHANG Guoqiang. Effect of Phosphorus Application on Yield and Phosphorus Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Maize in Xinjiang with Dense Drip Irrigation and Water Fertilization Integration[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(2): 119-128. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196083.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I2/119

图/表 10

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处理 Treatment	施肥时期 Fertilization period
处理 Treatment	种肥 Seed fertilizer	9叶期(V9) (06-09)	12叶期(V12) (06-20)	吐丝期(R1) (07-09)	乳熟期(R3) (07-29)	蜡熟期(R5) (08-15)
N	36.0	64.8	64.8	64.8	64.8	64.8
K	37.5	28.5	28.5	28.5	28.5	28.5
P₀	—	—	—	—	—	—
P₆₀	12	9.6	9.6	9.6	9.6	9.6
P₉₀	12	15.6	15.6	15.6	15.6	15.6
P₁₂₀	12	21.6	21.6	21.6	21.6	21.6
P₁₅₀	12	27.6	27.6	27.6	27.6	27.6
P₁₈₀	12	33.6	33.6	33.6	33.6	33.6

处理 Treatment	施肥时期 Fertilization period
处理 Treatment	种肥 Seed fertilizer	9叶期(V9) (06-09)	12叶期(V12) (06-20)	吐丝期(R1) (07-09)	乳熟期(R3) (07-29)	蜡熟期(R5) (08-15)
N	36.0	64.8	64.8	64.8	64.8	64.8
K	37.5	28.5	28.5	28.5	28.5	28.5
P₀	—	—	—	—	—	—
P₆₀	12	9.6	9.6	9.6	9.6	9.6
P₉₀	12	15.6	15.6	15.6	15.6	15.6
P₁₂₀	12	21.6	21.6	21.6	21.6	21.6
P₁₅₀	12	27.6	27.6	27.6	27.6	27.6
P₁₈₀	12	33.6	33.6	33.6	33.6	33.6

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	收获穗数/ (×10⁴穗/hm²) Ears	穗粒数/(粒/穗) Grain per spike	千粒质量/g 1000-grain weight	产量/(t/hm²) Yield
2023	P₀	11.52±0.10a	424.00±6.93d	339.67±6.97d	15.62±0.15d
	P₆₀	11.58±0.28a	462.67±14.05c	358.43±2.57c	16.66±0.13c
	P₉₀	11.52±0.21a	482.00±7.21b	383.76±0.83b	17.59±0.16b
	P₁₂₀	11.58±0.21a	528.00±16.00a	400.45±2.61a	18.79±0.36a
	P₁₅₀	11.58±0.10a	522.67±18.48a	399.00±1.32a	18.77±0.17a
	P₁₈₀	11.52±0.28a	524.00±10.58a	396.49±1.92a	18.78±0.27a
2024	P₀	11.70±0.10a	404.67±12.06d	342.00±0.58e	16.52±0.08d
	P₆₀	11.82±0.18a	437.33±9.24c	358.05±1.25d	17.90±0.14c
	P₉₀	11.76±0.10a	480.00±27.71b	372.32±2.22c	19.42±0.17b
	P₁₂₀	11.70±0.10a	533.33±18.48a	403.32±1.38a	20.94±0.20a
	P₁₅₀	11.76±0.21a	526.67±15.01a	401.99±2.54ab	20.66±0.18a
	P₁₈₀	11.70±0.10a	520.00±13.86a	399.66±3.92b	20.63±0.53a
年份Year(Y)		*	ns	ns	**
处理Treatment(T)		ns	**	**	**
Y×T		ns	ns	*	*

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	收获穗数/ (×10⁴穗/hm²) Ears	穗粒数/(粒/穗) Grain per spike	千粒质量/g 1000-grain weight	产量/(t/hm²) Yield
2023	P₀	11.52±0.10a	424.00±6.93d	339.67±6.97d	15.62±0.15d
	P₆₀	11.58±0.28a	462.67±14.05c	358.43±2.57c	16.66±0.13c
	P₉₀	11.52±0.21a	482.00±7.21b	383.76±0.83b	17.59±0.16b
	P₁₂₀	11.58±0.21a	528.00±16.00a	400.45±2.61a	18.79±0.36a
	P₁₅₀	11.58±0.10a	522.67±18.48a	399.00±1.32a	18.77±0.17a
	P₁₈₀	11.52±0.28a	524.00±10.58a	396.49±1.92a	18.78±0.27a
2024	P₀	11.70±0.10a	404.67±12.06d	342.00±0.58e	16.52±0.08d
	P₆₀	11.82±0.18a	437.33±9.24c	358.05±1.25d	17.90±0.14c
	P₉₀	11.76±0.10a	480.00±27.71b	372.32±2.22c	19.42±0.17b
	P₁₂₀	11.70±0.10a	533.33±18.48a	403.32±1.38a	20.94±0.20a
	P₁₅₀	11.76±0.21a	526.67±15.01a	401.99±2.54ab	20.66±0.18a
	P₁₈₀	11.70±0.10a	520.00±13.86a	399.66±3.92b	20.63±0.53a
年份Year(Y)		*	ns	ns	**
处理Treatment(T)		ns	**	**	**
Y×T		ns	ns	*	*

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	花前干物质累积量/(t/hm²) Pre-anthesis DM	成熟期干物质累积量/(t/hm²) Maturity DM	花后干物质累积量/(t/hm²) Post-anthesis DM	花后干物质累积率/% Post-anthesis DM	收获指数 HI
2023	P₀	10.15±0.03d	22.11±0.89d	11.96±0.87d	54.06±1.78d	0.50±0.01d
	P₆₀	11.21±0.23c	26.32±0.22c	15.11±0.37c	57.40±1.05c	0.52±0.01c
	P₉₀	12.50±0.34b	31.68±0.67b	19.18±0.64b	60.54±1.12b	0.55±0.01b
	P₁₂₀	13.99±0.38a	38.40±1.18a	24.41±0.82a	63.57±0.32a	0.57±0.01a
	P₁₅₀	14.07±0.16a	38.22±0.15a	24.14±0.07a	63.17±0.29a	0.56±0.01a
	P₁₈₀	14.00±0.45a	37.85±1.51a	23.84±1.10a	62.99±0.56a	0.56±0.01a
2024	P₀	10.46±0.12d	24.56±0.40d	14.10±0.42d	57.39±0.85d	0.50±0.01d
	P₆₀	11.38±0.24c	28.57±0.83c	17.19±0.60c	60.17±0.34b	0.52±0.01c
	P₉₀	12.61±0.19b	32.69±0.37b	20.08±0.49b	61.41±0.86b	0.55±0.01b
	P₁₂₀	14.44±0.29a	40.56±0.73a	26.12±0.98a	64.38±1.27a	0.57±0.01a
	P₁₅₀	14.54±0.36a	39.98±1.33a	25.44±0.98a	63.62±0.36a	0.56±0.01a
	P₁₈₀	14.38±0.35a	39.95±0.39a	25.57±0.53a	64.01±0.96a	0.56±0.01a
年份Year(Y)		*	**	**	**	**
处理Treatment(T)		**	**	**	**	**
Y×T		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

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施磷量对新疆密植滴灌水肥一体化玉米产量和磷肥利用效率的影响

Effect of Phosphorus Application on Yield and Phosphorus Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Maize in Xinjiang with Dense Drip Irrigation and Water Fertilization Integration

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	花前光合势 Photosynthetic potential before flowering				花后光合势 Post-anthesis photosynthetic potential			总光合势 Total photosynthetic potential
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	VE—V9	V9—V12	V12—R1	总计Total	R1—R5	R5—R6	总计Total	总光合势 Total photosynthetic potential
2023	P₀	78.92±1.35b	32.79±1.48e	108.90±2.07e	220.61±4.73e	211.16±2.59d	176.45±1.70e	387.62±4.29d	608.22±3.07e
	P₆₀	79.37±3.81b	35.33±1.52d	118.59±2.56d	233.29±7.67d	223.35±4.31c	186.92±3.10d	410.27±7.17c	643.56±13.71d
	P₉₀	80.37±1.89b	37.38±0.44cd	125.18±0.94c	242.94±3.03c	236.58±3.68b	202.94±5.71b	439.53±9.27b	682.46±12.21c
	P₁₂₀	79.34±2.39b	38.31±0.71bc	138.09±1.92ab	255.75±4.92b	259.32±6.34a	214.94±2.33a	474.25±8.38a	730.00±12.33a
	P₁₅₀	79.35±2.57b	38.91±0.80bc	139.16±1.60ab	257.43±4.71b	259.33±2.54a	216.86±2.56a	476.19±3.62a	733.61±8.31a
	P₁₈₀	78.90±0.34b	40.26±2.09b	142.03±5.91a	261.19±7.95b	256.34±6.28a	211.74±1.79a	468.08±7.92a	729.27±14.81a
2024	P₀	43.77±1.73b	27.47±0.34e	103.98±5.38d	175.22±4.56e	233.33±3.22d	198.89±4.31e	432.22±5.55e	607.45±8.61d
	P₆₀	44.22±1.52b	31.49±3.25d	117.13±6.87c	192.84±8.92d	251.50±1.91c	216.29±4.87d	467.79±6.61d	660.63±14.94c
	P₉₀	45.21±0.71b	33.09±0.85cd	123.98±1.44b	202.28±2.95c	275.17±1.96b	242.64±2.17b	517.81±3.43b	720.08±5.74b
	P₁₂₀	43.77±1.73b	34.18±0.80bc	136.79±1.91a	214.75±4.19b	298.38±1.44a	254.34±3.51a	552.72±4.69a	767.47±2.50a
	P₁₅₀	44.00±1.90b	35.54±0.71b	139.65±2.88a	219.19±4.28b	296.37±9.02a	252.81±2.02a	549.18±10.72a	768.37±14.09a
	P₁₈₀	43.77±1.73b	36.38±0.64b	141.14±1.09a	221.30±0.85ab	295.25±1.02a	254.30±6.31a	549.55±7.01a	770.85±7.16a
年份Year(Y)		**	**	ns	**	**	**	**	**
处理Treatment(T)		ns	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
Y×T		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	**	**	*

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