长期施用不同有机肥后土壤剖面中磷的累积和分布特征

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究长期施用不同有机肥后土壤磷素累积特征及其在剖面中的分布规律,通过田间长期定位试验,探讨了持续施用不同用量畜禽粪便有机肥和污泥堆肥条件下,土壤剖面中磷素的分布特征与运移规律。结果表明:连续11 a施用高量(每年施用60 t/hm²)猪粪、鸡粪和污泥后,其带入的磷可明显迁移到30~60 cm土层,施用中、高量(每年施用45,60 t/hm²)的猪粪、鸡粪有机肥和污泥堆肥可使有效磷迁移到60~90 cm土层。施用不同种类有机肥11 a后,耕层土壤磷素活化系数呈明显上升的趋势,且高用量与低用量之间的差异达到显著水平;不同有机肥处理下土壤磷素活化系数的大小顺序为:猪粪有机肥处理>鸡粪有机肥处理>污泥堆肥处理。施用鸡粪、猪粪有机肥和污泥堆肥后耕层土壤有效磷含量与磷投入量间符合线性加平台回归模型。有机肥等磷量投入条件下,猪粪和鸡粪有机肥处理对耕层土壤有效磷的贡献明显高于污泥堆肥处理;当磷投入量大于7.14 t/hm²时,施用猪粪有机肥对耕层土壤有效磷的贡献明显高于施用鸡粪。土壤剖面中全磷和有效磷含量分别与有机碳含量呈极显著正相关关系,在0~90 cm剖面中土壤有机碳与磷可能存在共迁移。

关键词: 有机肥, 磷, 土壤剖面, 累积, 分布, 长期施用

Abstract:

To explore the accumulation characteristics of soil phosphorus and its distribution pattern in the profile after long-term application of different organic fertilizers,a long-term field experiment was conducted to investigate the distribution and migration patterns of phosphorus in the soil profile under continuous application of different amounts of livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizers and sludge compost.The results showed that after 11 consecutive years of application of high amounts(60 t/ha per year)of pig manure,chicken manure and sludge,the phosphorus they brought in could obviously migrate to the 30—60 cm soil layer.The application of medium and high amounts(45,60 t/ha per year)of pig manure,chicken manure organic fertilizers and sludge compost could make the available phosphorus migrate to the 60—90 cm soil layer.After 11 years of application of different types of organic fertilizers,the phosphorus activation coefficient of the plough layer soil showed a significant upward trend,and the difference between high and low application rates reached a significant level.The order of soil phosphorus activation coefficient under different organic fertilizer treatments was:pig manure organic fertilizer treatment>chicken manure organic fertilizer treatment>sludge compost treatment.The content of available phosphorus in the plough layer soil after the application of chicken manure,pig manure organic fertilizer and sludge compost conformed to the linear plus plateau regression model with the phosphorus input.Under the condition of equal phosphorus input of organic fertilizer,the contribution of pig manure and chicken manure organic fertilizer to the available phosphorus in the plough layer soil was significantly higher than that of sludge compost.When the phosphorus input was greater than 7.14 t/ha,the contribution of pig manure organic fertilizer to the available phosphorus in the plough layer soil was significantly higher than that of chicken manure.The total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents in the soil profile were significantly positively correlated with the organic carbon content.In the 0—90 cm profile,soil organic carbon and phosphorus might co-migrate.

Key words: Organic fertilizer, Phosphorus, Soil profile, Accumulation, Distribution, Long-term application

中图分类号:

郜静, 王雪晴, 肖广敏, 赵欧亚, 刘蕾, 王策, 王凌, 孙世友, 侯升林, 茹淑华. 长期施用不同有机肥后土壤剖面中磷的累积和分布特征[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(2): 129-137. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196001.

GAO Jing, WANG Xueqing, XIAO Guangmin, ZHAO Ouya, LIU Lei, WANG Ce, WANG Ling, SUN Shiyou, HOU Shenglin, RU Shuhua. Characteristics of Accumulation and Distribution of Phosphorus in Soil Profile after Long-term Application of Different Organic Fertilizers[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(2): 129-137. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196001.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I2/129

图/表 7

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有机肥种类 Types of organic fertilizers	pH	有机碳/ (g/kg) Organic carbon	全氮/ (g/kg) Total-N	全磷/ (g/kg) Total-P	全钾/ (g/kg) Total-K	有效磷/ (g/kg) Available-P	速效钾/ (g/kg) Available-K
鸡粪Chicken manure	7.10	182	21.6	22.9	11.8	3.80	4.30
猪粪Pig manure	8.60	184	20.2	23.0	11.7	4.93	4.75
污泥Sludge	6.62	201	28.1	27.9	6.0	2.67	2.48

有机肥种类 Types of organic fertilizers	pH	有机碳/ (g/kg) Organic carbon	全氮/ (g/kg) Total-N	全磷/ (g/kg) Total-P	全钾/ (g/kg) Total-K	有效磷/ (g/kg) Available-P	速效钾/ (g/kg) Available-K
鸡粪Chicken manure	7.10	182	21.6	22.9	11.8	3.80	4.30
猪粪Pig manure	8.60	184	20.2	23.0	11.7	4.93	4.75
污泥Sludge	6.62	201	28.1	27.9	6.0	2.67	2.48

处理Treatment	0~15 cm	15~30 cm	30~60 cm	60~90 cm
CK	1.88±0.32c	1.37±0.42d	1.80±0.15c	0.84±0.42c
J1	9.32±0.32b	3.67±0.51c	4.23±0.38b	2.32±0.67b
J2	11.50±0.32a	5.72±0.35b	4.06±0.24b	2.82±0.31b
J3	12.20±0.38a	7.85±0.51a	5.89±0.17a	4.39±0.40a
J4	12.10±0.51a	8.39±0.23a	5.51±0.34a	3.02±0.38b
CK	1.88±0.32c	1.37±0.42d	1.80±0.15d	0.84±0.42c
Z1	11.10±1.35b	4.27±0.48c	3.56±0.80c	2.40±1.06b
Z2	11.40±1.19b	6.89±0.45b	5.02±0.45b	2.33±0.42b
Z3	14.20±0.27a	9.45±0.25a	5.84±0.33a	4.43±0.28a
Z4	14.20±0.57a	9.63±0.79a	6.43±0.61a	4.77±0.27a
CK	1.88±0.32d	1.37±0.42c	1.80±0.15c	0.84±0.42d
W1	8.20±0.81a	5.37±0.36b	4.19±0.36b	3.01±0.18c
W2	7.42±0.25ab	5.63±0.62ab	4.10±0.47b	3.25±0.21bc
W3	6.52±0.22c	5.31±0.63b	5.95±0.52a	3.85±0.33ab
W4	7.17±0.67b	6.47±0.30a	6.26±0.56a	4.47±0.50a

处理Treatment	0~15 cm	15~30 cm	30~60 cm	60~90 cm
CK	1.88±0.32c	1.37±0.42d	1.80±0.15c	0.84±0.42c
J1	9.32±0.32b	3.67±0.51c	4.23±0.38b	2.32±0.67b
J2	11.50±0.32a	5.72±0.35b	4.06±0.24b	2.82±0.31b
J3	12.20±0.38a	7.85±0.51a	5.89±0.17a	4.39±0.40a
J4	12.10±0.51a	8.39±0.23a	5.51±0.34a	3.02±0.38b
CK	1.88±0.32c	1.37±0.42d	1.80±0.15d	0.84±0.42c
Z1	11.10±1.35b	4.27±0.48c	3.56±0.80c	2.40±1.06b
Z2	11.40±1.19b	6.89±0.45b	5.02±0.45b	2.33±0.42b
Z3	14.20±0.27a	9.45±0.25a	5.84±0.33a	4.43±0.28a
Z4	14.20±0.57a	9.63±0.79a	6.43±0.61a	4.77±0.27a
CK	1.88±0.32d	1.37±0.42c	1.80±0.15c	0.84±0.42d
W1	8.20±0.81a	5.37±0.36b	4.19±0.36b	3.01±0.18c
W2	7.42±0.25ab	5.63±0.62ab	4.10±0.47b	3.25±0.21bc
W3	6.52±0.22c	5.31±0.63b	5.95±0.52a	3.85±0.33ab
W4	7.17±0.67b	6.47±0.30a	6.26±0.56a	4.47±0.50a

有机肥种类 Types of organic fertilizers	项目 Item		回归方程 Equation of regression	Pearson相关性 Pearson correlation
鸡粪	有机碳	全磷	y=10.505 0x-0.048 0	0.983^**
Chicken manure		有效磷	y=0.072 3x+5.172 2	0.953^**
猪粪	有机碳	全磷	y=11.216 0x-0.834 3	0.969^**
Pig manure		有效磷	y= 0.066 8x+4.889 5	0.942^**
污泥	有机碳	全磷	y=7.818 8x+1.490 8	0.984^**
Sludge		有效磷	y=0.100 2x+4.172 0	0.950^**

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