硅肥对小麦茎秆抗倒伏特性、产量和品质的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195687

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究外源硅肥对小麦抗倒性、生长、产量及品质的影响,以垦麦58为试验材料,设置4个硅肥处理:基施硅肥15 kg/hm²(Si1)和30 kg/hm²(Si2)、拔节期追施硅肥15 kg/hm²(Si3)和30 kg/hm²(Si4),以不施硅肥为对照。测定了灌浆期小麦茎秆抗倒伏能力、植株生长、产量及品质相关指标。结果表明,Si4处理显著降低小麦株高、重心高度和基部第2节间长度;Si3处理基部第2,3节间厚度增加14.7%以上;Si2和Si4处理的基部第2,3节间充实度增加8.6%~18.7%,抗折力提高12.4%~49.2%,但对节间粗度和干质量影响较小。外源硅肥提高了拔节期叶绿素含量(SPAD),对分蘖、成穗、地上部干物质积累、收获指数、产量及主要品质指标无显著影响。综上,外源硅肥通过降低株高、重心高度和基部节间长度,增加基部节间厚度、充实度和抗折力,改善了茎秆质量,增强了茎秆抗倒性,同时提高了叶绿素含量,对小麦生长、产量和品质无不利影响。硅肥基施或拔节期追施均可。

关键词: 小麦, 硅肥, 抗倒伏, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of silicon fertilizer on lodging resistance,growth and development,yield,and quality of winter wheat,Kenmai 58 was used as the experimental material.The treatments included 15 kg/ha (Si1) and 30 kg/ha(Si2)silicon fertilizer applied as basal fertilizer,15 kg/ha (Si3) and 30 kg/ha(Si4) silicon fertilizer applied as topdressing at jointing stage,and no silicon fertilizer (CK).The stem lodging resistance at grain filling stage,plant growth,yield,and quality were measured.The results showed that Si4 significantly reduced the plant height,height of gravity center,and the length of the basal second internode.Compared with CK,Si3 increased the thickness of the basal second and third internodes by over 14.7%.Si2 and Si4 increased the plumpness and breaking resistance of the basal second or third internodes by 8.6%—18.7% and by 12.4%—49.2%,respectively.Nevertheless,silicon fertilizer had no effect on the diameter and dry weight of the basal internode.Moreover,silicon fertilizer increased the chlorophyll content (SPAD) of leaves at jointing stage,but had no effect on tillering,productive tiller percentage,dry matter accumulation,harvest index,yield,and main quality indexes.In summary,the application of silicon fertilizer improved the stem lodging resistance by lowering plant height,gravity center height,and basal internode length,while increasing the basal internode thickness,plumpness,and breaking resistance.Silicon fertilizer also increased chlorophyll content (SPAD) without adversely affecting wheat growth,grain yield,or quality.Silicon fertilizer could be applied either as basal fertilizer or topdressing at jointing stage.

Key words: Wheat, Silicon fertilizer, Lodging resistance, Yield, Quality

中图分类号:

S512.1小麦

付鹏浩, 陈泠, 刘易科, 朱展望, 佟汉文, 张宇庆, 邹娟. 硅肥对小麦茎秆抗倒伏特性、产量和品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(6): 160-167. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195687.

FU Penghao, CHEN Ling, LIU Yike, ZHU Zhanwang, TONG Hanwen, ZHANG Yuqing, ZOU Juan. Effects of Silicon Fertilizers on Stem Lodging Resistance,Yield and Quality of Wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(6): 160-167. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195687.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I6/160

图/表 6

参考文献 32

[1]	王小燕, 高春保, 熊勤学, 苏荣瑞, 朱展望, 佟汉文, 刘易科. 江汉平原小麦生产面临的挑战及对策[J]. 作物杂志, 2013(3):17-20.doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2013.03.008.
	Wang X Y, Gao C B, Xiong Q X, Su R R, Zhu Z W, Tong H W, Liu Y K. Challenges and countermeasures of wheat production in Jianghan Plain[J]. Crops, 2013(3):17-20.
[2]	王小燕, 高春保, 卢碧林, 苏荣瑞. 江汉平原小麦开花前降水分布特点及同期渍害的产量效应[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2013, 22(12):1642-1647.
	Wang X Y, Gao C B, Lu B L, Su R R. Characteristics of rainfall before anthesis and corresponding effects of waterlogging on grain yield in Jianghan plain[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2013, 22(12):1642-1647.
[3]	杨瑞清, 张广照, 檀银忠, 郭贵东. 2017年枣阳市小麦倒伏特点、原因及防治对策[J]. 湖北植保, 2017(5):48-49.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-6114.2017.05.023.
	Yang R Q, Zhang G Z, Tan Y Z, Guo G D. Lodging characteristics,causation,and prevention measures of wheat in Zaoyang city in 2017[J]. Hubei Plant Protection, 2017 (5):48-49.
[4]	赵夕冉, 张玉, 张嘉豪, 陈建省, 张卫东, 马玉华, 孟庆福, 鄢照新, 汪永振. 密度和行距对直立株型小麦产量、群体冠层特征和抗倒伏性的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(14):13-22.doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0500.
	Zhao X R, Zhang Y, Zhang J H, Chen J S, Zhang W D, Ma Y H, Meng Q F, Yan Z X, Wang Y Z. Effects of density and row spacing on yield,canopy characteristics and lodging resistance of upright plant type wheat[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(14):13-22.
[5]	梁玉超, 张永强, 石书兵, 陈兴武, 赛力汗·赛, 薛丽华, 雷钧杰. 施氮量对滴灌冬小麦茎部特征及其抗倒伏性的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2017, 37(11):1467-1472.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2017.11.09.
	Liang Y C, Zhang Y Q, Shi S B, Chen X W, Sai L H·S, Xue L H, Lei J J. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate on stem morphology characteristics and lodging resistance in winter wheat with drip irrigation[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2017, 37(11):1467-1472.
[6]	Zhang Y X, Liu H, Yan G J. Characterization of near-isogenic lines confirmed QTL and revealed candidate genes for plant height and yield-related traits in common wheat[J]. Molecular Breeding, 2021, 41(1):4.doi:10.1007/s11032-020-01196-8.
[7]	周青, 潘国庆, 施作家. 不同时期施用硅肥对小麦群体质量和产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2001(5):22-24.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7283.2001.05.008.
	Zhou Q, Pan G Q, Shi Z J. Effects of applying silicon fertilizer at different stages on population quality and yield of wheat[J]. Crops, 2001(5):22-24.
[8]	于立河, 高聚林. 硅对小麦产量与籽粒品质的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2012, 32(3):469-473.
	Yu L H, Gao J L. Effects of silicon on yield and grain quality of wheat[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2012, 32(3):469-473.
[9]	孙金阳, 曹彩云, 郑春莲, 李科江, 马俊永, 张俊鹏, 党红凯. 灌水和施硅对冬小麦叶片显微结构、光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2024, 32(5):827-838.doi:10.12357/cjea.20230643.
	Sun J Y, Cao C Y, Zheng C L, Li K J, Ma J Y, Zhang J P, Dang H K. Effects of irrigation and silicon application on leaf microstructure,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2024, 32(5):827-838.
[10]	张永强, 方辉, 陈传信, 聂石辉, 赛力汗·赛, 徐其江, 陈兴武, 雷钧杰. 外源硅滴施对弱光胁迫下冬小麦生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(2):336-343.doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.010.
	Zhang Y Q, Fang H, Chen C X, Nie S H, Sai L H·S, Xu Q J, Chen X W, Lei J J. Effect of exogenous silicon drip application on growth and physiological characteristics of winter wheat under low light stress[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(2):336-343. doi: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.010
[11]	姜春月, 刘建中, 李月明, 孙勰, 陆芳, 沈涛. 施用叶面硅肥对小麦扬麦23产量的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2021, 62(11):2143-2144,2147.doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20211107.
	Jiang C Y, Liu J Z, Li Y M, Sun X, Lu F, Shen T. Effect of foliar silicon fertilizer on wheat variety Yangmai 23[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 62(11):2143-2144,2147.
[12]	白凤麟, 樊雨荷,李琳. 硒、硅对盐胁迫下小麦光合生理及养分累积的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2023, 51(3):68-75.doi:10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2023.03.010.
	Bai F L, Fan Y H, Li L. Effects of selenium and silicon on the photosynthetic physiology and nutrient accumulation of wheat under salt stress[J]. Jiangsu Agriculture Sciences, 2023, 51(3):68-75.
[13]	Li G Y, Ma Z W, Zhang N, Li M, Li W, Mo Z W. Foliar application of silica nanoparticles positively influences the early growth stage and antioxidant defense of maize under low light stress[J]. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2024, 24(2):2276-2294.doi:10.1007/s42729-024-01789-8.
[14]	Chang Y L, Cui H X, Wang Y Y, Li C H, Wang J Y, Jin M, Luo Y L, Li Y, Wang Z L. Silicon spraying enhances wheat stem resistance to lodging under light stress[J]. Agronomy, 2023, 13(10):2565.doi:10.3390/agronomy13102565. URL
[15]	Dallagnol L J, Pazdiora P C, de Miranda M Z, Tatsch P O, Ramos A E R, de Araujo Filho J V. Silicon ameliorates wheat technological quality under biotic stress[J]. Tropical Plant Pathology, 2023, 48(2):226-235.doi:10.1007/s40858-023-00563-y.
[16]	张志伟, 魏秀华, 于海涛, 宋顺, 张桂珍, 刘亚男, 邢利庆. 施用液体硅肥对小麦生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2021, 27(6):101-102.doi:10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2021.06.038.
	Zhang Z W, Wei X H, Yu H T, Song S, Zhang G Z, Liu Y N, Xing L Q. Effect of liquid silicon fertilizer on wheat growth and yield[J]. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 27(6):101-102.
[17]	Yang M, Chen S, Chao K, Ji C X, Shi Y. Effects of nano silicon fertilizer on the lodging resistance characteristics of wheat basal second stem node[J]. BMC Plant Biology, 2024, 24(1):54.doi:10.1186/s12870-024-04735-z. pmid: 38238669
[18]	杨钰洁, 梁国玲, 刘文辉, 于万美, 杨晶, 段连学. 硅肥对青藏高原高寒地区燕麦抗倒伏性状及种子产量的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2022, 39(3):551-561.doi:10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2021-0315.
	Yang Y J, Liang G L, Liu W H, Yu W M, Yang J, Duan L X. Effects of silicon fertilizer on lodging resistance traits and seed yield of Avena sativa in the alpine region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2022, 39(3):551-561.
[19]	Dong L Q, Yang T X, Ma L, Li R, Feng Y Y, Li Y D. Silicon fertilizer addition can improve rice yield and lodging traits under reduced nitrogen and increased density conditions[J]. Agronomy, 2024, 14(3):464.doi:10.3390/agronomy14030464. URL
[20]	罗来杨, 吴晓峰, 刘凯丽, 罗立华, 龙伟雄, 罗险英, 徐伟标, 李永辉. 硅肥对优质稻产量、品质及抗倒伏性的影响[J]. 杂交水稻, 2023, 38(2):149-153.doi:10.16267/j.cnki.1005-3956.20220810.316.
	Luo L Y, Wu X F, Liu K L, Luo L H, Long W X, Luo X Y, Xu W B, Li Y H. Effects of silicon fertilizer on yield,quality and lodging resistance of high-quality rice[J]. Hybrid Rice, 2023, 38(2):149-153.
[21]	温银元, 郭之瑶, 郑志强, 胡奇林, 赵娟, 董淑琦, 原向阳, 温日宇, 尹美强. 不同施氮水平下硅肥对谷子抗倒伏能力、产量和品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2024, 30(4):641-654.doi:10.11674/zwyf.2023438.
	Wen Y Y, Guo Z Y, Zheng Z Q, Hu Q L, Zhao J, Dong S Q, Yuan X Y, Wen R Y, Yin M Q. Effects of silicon fertilizers on lodging resistance,yield and quality of foxtail millet under different nitrogen application levels[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2024, 30(4):641-654.
[22]	王怀鹏, 张翼飞, 杨克军, 王玉凤, 陈天宇, 吴琼, 尹雪巍, 武鹏, 杨丽, 庞晨, 菅立群, 张继卫. 硅肥不同喷施浓度对玉米抗倒伏性能及产量构成的调控效应[J]. 玉米科学, 2020, 28(3):111-118.doi:10.13597/j.cnki.maize.science.20200315.
	Wang H P, Zhang Y F, Yang K J, Wang Y F, Chen T Y, Wu Q, Yin X W, Wu P, Yang L, Pang C, Jian L Q, Zhang J W. Regulating effects of different silicon fertilizer concentrations for foliar application on maize lodging resistance and yield components[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2020, 28(3):111-118.
[23]	石彦召, 杨海棠, 胡延岭, 刘软枝, 李盼. 增施硅肥对花生的抗倒性和产量的影响研究[J]. 农业科技通讯, 2019(3):145-149.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6400.2019.03.050.
	Shi Y Z, Yang H T, Hu Y L, Liu R Z, Li P. Study on the effect of increasing silicon fertilizer on lodging resistance and yield of peanut[J]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2019(3):145-149.
[24]	Hu Y, Javed H H, Asghar M A, Peng X, Brestic M, Skalický M, Ghafoor A Z, Cheema H N, Zhang F F, Wu Y C. Enhancement of lodging resistance and lignin content by application of organic carbon and silicon fertilization in Brassica napus L.[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2022,13:807048.doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.807048.
[25]	周文银, 李文阳, 李浩杰, 张士雅, 邵庆勤, 朱守晶, 汪建来, 闫素辉. 种植密度对小麦籽粒淀粉品质与茎秆抗倒性能的调控效应[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2024, 52(4):108-114.doi:10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2024.04.015.
	Zhou W Y, Li W Y, Li H J, Zhang S Y, Shao Q Q, Zhu S J, Wang J L, Yan S H. Regulation effects of planting density on grain starch quality and stem lodging resistance of wheat[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 52(4):108-114.
[26]	张翠珍, 邵长泉, 孟凯, 泉维洁, 侯晓芳, 邹强. 小麦吸硅特点及应用效果的研究[J]. 山东农业科学, 1998, 30(4):29-31.
	Zhang C Z, Shao C Q, Meng K, Quan W J, Hou X F, Zou Q. Study on silicon absorption characteristics and application effect of wheat[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 1998, 30(4):29-31.
[27]	Jinger D, Dhar S, Dass A, Sharma V K, Shukla L, Paramesh V, Parihar M, Joshi N, Joshi E, Gupta G, Singh S. Residual silicon and phosphorus improved the growth,yield,nutrient uptake and soil enzyme activities of wheat[J]. Silicon, 2022, 14(14):8949-8964.doi:10.1007/s12633-022-01676-w.
[28]	Jinger D, Dhar S, Dass A, Sharma V K, Kumar S V, Gupta G. Influence of residual silicon and phosphorus on growth,productivity,lodging and grain quality of succeeding wheat under rice-wheat cropping system[J]. Journal of Environmental Biology, 2020, 41(6):1676-1684.doi:10.22438/jeb/41/6/si-250. URL
[29]	Martin T N, Nunes U R, Stecca J D L, Pahins D B. Foliar application of silicon on yield components of wheat crop[J]. Revista Caatinga, 2017, 30(3):578-585.doi:10.1590/1983-21252017v30n305rc. URL
[30]	朱云, 朱孔志, 赵鹏. 硅肥对江苏沿海地区不同土壤类型小麦产量及抗病性的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2021, 62(12):2405-2406,2409.doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20212180.
	Zhu Y, Zhu K Z, Zhao P. Effect of silicon fertilizer on yield and disease resistance of wheat in different soil types in coastal areas of Jiangsu Province[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 62(12): 2405-2406,2409.
[31]	Walsh O S, Shafian S, McClintick-Chess J R, Belmont K M, Blanscet S M. Potential of silicon amendment for improved wheat production[J]. Plants, 2018, 7(2):26.doi:10.3390/plants7020026. URL
[32]	Neu S, Schaller J, Dudel E G. Silicon availability modifies nutrient use efficiency and content,C∶N∶P stoichiometry,and productivity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017,7:40829.doi:10.1038/srep40829.

处理 Treatments	基本苗/ (×10⁴/hm²) Basic seedling	最高茎蘖数/ (×10⁴/hm²) Maximum tiller number	成穗率/% Productive tiller percentage	成熟期干物质积累/(kg/hm²) Dry matter accumulation at maturity	收获指数/% Harvest index	拔节期SPAD值 SPAD value at joining stage
CK	442.7±94.5a	1 809.3±52.1a	29.9±1.77a	16 678.9±1 277.0a	40.4±3.32ab	42.9±3.36b
Si1	453.3±57.9a	1 868.0±387.3a	26.4±12.53a	14 280.9±4 576.8a	36.7±3.33b	44.9±1.34ab
Si2	438.6±46.0a	1 700.0±305.2a	30.4±6.78a	16 779.0±2 123.9a	38.5±1.19ab	45.5±2.19ab
Si3	449.4±22.0a	1 748.0±142.0a	26.9±5.60a	14 503.2±1 815.2a	38.3±1.34ab	43.3±2.01ab
Si4	464.0±82.1a	1 804.1±197.7a	30.0±4.21a	15 721.6±1 568.6a	42.6±2.33a	46.1±2.37a

处理 Treatments	基本苗/ (×10⁴/hm²) Basic seedling	最高茎蘖数/ (×10⁴/hm²) Maximum tiller number	成穗率/% Productive tiller percentage	成熟期干物质积累/(kg/hm²) Dry matter accumulation at maturity	收获指数/% Harvest index	拔节期SPAD值 SPAD value at joining stage
CK	442.7±94.5a	1 809.3±52.1a	29.9±1.77a	16 678.9±1 277.0a	40.4±3.32ab	42.9±3.36b
Si1	453.3±57.9a	1 868.0±387.3a	26.4±12.53a	14 280.9±4 576.8a	36.7±3.33b	44.9±1.34ab
Si2	438.6±46.0a	1 700.0±305.2a	30.4±6.78a	16 779.0±2 123.9a	38.5±1.19ab	45.5±2.19ab
Si3	449.4±22.0a	1 748.0±142.0a	26.9±5.60a	14 503.2±1 815.2a	38.3±1.34ab	43.3±2.01ab
Si4	464.0±82.1a	1 804.1±197.7a	30.0±4.21a	15 721.6±1 568.6a	42.6±2.33a	46.1±2.37a

处理 Treatments	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield	有效穗数/ (×10⁴/hm²) Spike number	穗粒数 Kernel number per spike	千粒质量/g 1000-kernel weight	单穗质量/g Spike weight
CK	7 910.0±198.2a	540.0±17.44a	32.9±1.60a	37.94±1.88a	1.245±0.08a
Si1	7 940.0±138.9a	461.4±161.11a	32.0±2.24a	35.82±2.52a	1.145±0.09a
Si2	7 970.6±391.9a	504.0±48.50a	33.3±3.22a	38.62±1.80a	1.286±0.16a
Si3	7 895.0±228.8a	465.3±65.03a	31.2±0.53a	38.24±0.30a	1.195±0.02a
Si4	7 970.6±183.7a	536.1±30.20a	32.3±0.88a	38.63±1.72a	1.247±0.07a

处理 Treatments	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield	有效穗数/ (×10⁴/hm²) Spike number	穗粒数 Kernel number per spike	千粒质量/g 1000-kernel weight	单穗质量/g Spike weight
CK	7 910.0±198.2a	540.0±17.44a	32.9±1.60a	37.94±1.88a	1.245±0.08a
Si1	7 940.0±138.9a	461.4±161.11a	32.0±2.24a	35.82±2.52a	1.145±0.09a
Si2	7 970.6±391.9a	504.0±48.50a	33.3±3.22a	38.62±1.80a	1.286±0.16a
Si3	7 895.0±228.8a	465.3±65.03a	31.2±0.53a	38.24±0.30a	1.195±0.02a
Si4	7 970.6±183.7a	536.1±30.20a	32.3±0.88a	38.63±1.72a	1.247±0.07a

处理 Treatments	粗蛋白含量/ (g/kg) Grain crude protein	湿面筋含量/ (g/kg) Wet gluten content	吸水率/% Water absorption	稳定时间/min Dough stability time	形成时间/min Dough development time	弱化度/FU Softening degree
CK	130.3±9.3a	308.8±25.6a	65.26±1.58a	11.03±2.46a	2.76±0.38a	36.78±13.55a
Si1	139.3±18.7a	324.6±43.7a	66.55±2.28a	14.44±5.64a	3.26±1.06a	36.79±4.25a
Si2	131.6±16.1a	305.7±45.2a	64.94±3.57a	11.38±3.81a	2.64±1.32a	37.44±7.64a
Si3	129.2±8.2a	302.4±22.3a	65.63±2.57a	11.18±1.66a	2.77±0.53a	41.22±4.20a
Si4	123.3±10.7a	288.2±29.2a	64.54±2.55a	8.79±4.24a	2.33±0.91a	39.50±9.94a

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容