秸秆还田配施菌肥对红花土壤氮磷钾化学计量特征及产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195530

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨为分析秸秆还田配施菌肥对红花产量及土壤养分有效性的影响,以红花品种豫红花1号为研究对象,采用红花-玉米一年两熟制的种植方法,设置6个施肥处理:空白(T1)、秸秆还田(T2)、秸秆+枯草芽孢杆菌菌肥(T3(125 kg/hm²)、T4(250 kg/hm²))、秸秆+胶质芽孢杆菌菌肥(T5(125 kg/hm²)、T6(250 kg/hm²))。结果表明,2023,2024年连续秸秆还田配施菌肥对土壤氮磷钾化学计量特征及产量影响显著。在土壤化学计量特征方面,提升土壤全氮(TN)均以T5处理最佳,提升土壤全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)均以T3处理最佳,提升土壤有机质(SOM)均以T4处理最佳,2 a间土壤N∶P、K∶P、N∶K差异显著,但升降规律基本相同,各处理受限因子均为N、P元素。在产量方面,提升花丝产量均以T4处理最佳,2 a分别提升了62.53%,52.99%;提升花籽产量以T4、T5处理效果显著,2 a中T4分别提升了7.51%,8.81%,T5分别提升了8.28%,8.59%。土壤TN、N∶P、N∶K、花丝与花籽产量呈极显著正相关,土壤TN、SOM与花丝产量之间呈显著或极显著正相关。综合来看,2 a连续秸秆还田配施菌肥中T3处理提升土壤氮磷钾及有机质含量方面效果最佳,各处理土壤均受到N、P元素限制;T4处理在提升红花花丝、花籽综合产量方面效果最为显著。

关键词: 红花, 菌肥, 秸秆还田, 化学计量特征, 产量

Abstract:

Taking the safflower variety Yuhonghua No.1 as the research object,it adopted the planting method of two harvests of safflower and corn per year was adopted,and six fertilization treatments were set up:blank(T1),straw returning to the field(T2),straw+Bacillus subtilis bacterial fertilizer(T3(125 kg/ha),T4(250 kg/ha)),straw+Bacillus mucilaginosus bacterial fertilizer(T5(125 kg/ha),T6(250 kg/ha)).The influence of straw combined with bacterial fertilizer on the yield of safflower and soil nutrient availability was analyzed.The results showed that the continuous application of straw combined with bacterial fertilizer in 2023 and 2024 had a significant impact on the soil stoichiometric characteristics and yield.In terms of soil stoichiometric characteristics,the T5 treatment was the best for increasing total soil nitrogen(TN),the T3 treatment was the best for increasing total soil phosphorus(TP)and total soil potassium(TK),and the T4 treatment was the best for increasing soil organic matter(SOM).There were significant differences in soil N∶P,K∶P,and N∶K between two years,but the increase and decrease patterns were basically the same.The limiting factors for each treatment were all N and P elements.In terms of output,the T4 treatment was the best for increasing the filament yield,increasing by 62.53% and 52.99% respectively in two years.The T4 and T5 treatments had remarkable increasing effects on the output of seed yield.The output of T4 increased by 7.51% and 8.81% respectively in the two years,while that of T5 increased by 8.28% and 8.59%.There was an extremely significant positive correlation between soil TN,N∶P,N∶K,filament and seed yield,and there was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between soil TN,SOM and filaments yield.Overall,among the two consecutive years of straw combined with microbial fertilizer application,the T3 treatment had the best effect in improving soil nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and organic matter.The soils of each treatment were all limited by N and P elements.The T4 treatment had the most significant effect in increasing the comprehensive yield of filament and seed.

Key words: Safflower, Bacterial fertilizer, Returning straw to the field, Stoichiometric characteristics, Yield

中图分类号:

S567.2

郑东方, 赵文, 孟雪, 刘丰鸣, 陈鑫伟, 刘卫星. 秸秆还田配施菌肥对红花土壤氮磷钾化学计量特征及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(5): 153-160. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195530.

ZHENG Dongfang, ZHAO Wen, MENG Xue, LIU Fengming, CHEN Xinwei, LIU Weixing. Effects of Straw Combined with Bacterial Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Stoichiometry and Safflower Yield[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(5): 153-160. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195530.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I5/153

图/表 6

图1 红花生长季月平均温度及降水量

Fig.1 Monthly average temperature and precipitation during the growing season of safflower

表1 红花试验地肥料施用设计

Tab.1 Fertilizer application design in safflower experimental field

编号 Number	处理 Treatment	有机肥用量/(t/hm²) Usage amount of organic fertilizer	枯草芽孢杆菌菌肥用量/(kg/hm²) Usage amount of Bacillus subtilis bacterial fertilizer	胶质芽孢杆菌菌肥用量/(kg/hm²) Usage amount of Bacillus mucilaginosus bacterial fertilizer
T1	空白	12.5	0	0
T2	秸秆	12.5	0	0
T3	秸秆+枯草芽孢杆菌菌肥	12.5	125	0
T4	秸秆+枯草芽孢杆菌菌肥	12.5	250	0
T5	秸秆+胶质芽孢杆菌菌肥	12.5	0	125
T6	秸秆+胶质芽孢杆菌菌肥	12.5	0	250

图2 秸秆配施菌肥对土壤氮磷钾及有机质含量的影响不同小写字母表示相同年份不同处理间差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。图3,4同。

Fig.2 Effect of straw combined with bacterial fertilizer on soil nitrogen, phosphorus,potassium and organic matter content Different lowercase letters represent that the difference between different treatments is significant(P<0.05)in the same year.The same as Fig.3,4.

图3 秸秆配施菌肥对土壤氮磷钾化学计量特征的影响

Fig.3 Effects of straw combined with bacterial fertilizer on soil stoichiometric characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium

图4 秸秆配施菌肥对红花花丝、花籽产量的影响

Fig.4 Effects of straw combined with bacterial fertilizer on the yield of filament and seed

图5 土壤有机质和氮磷钾化学计量特征与红花花丝、花籽产量的相关关系 HS.花丝产量;HZ.花籽产量。*、**分别表示在0.05,0.01水平显著相关。

Fig.5 Correlation between soil organic matter,nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium stoichiometric characteristics and safflower filament and seed yield HS.Filament yield;HZ.Seed yield.*and** indicate significant associations at 0.05 and 0.01 levels,respectively.

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