蓖麻饼粕肥对土壤肥力及花生产量、品质的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194976

华北农学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 146-156. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194976

所属专题： 油料作物；土壤肥料；

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇下一篇

蓖麻饼粕肥对土壤肥力及花生产量、品质的影响

李明静¹, 罗蕊¹, 张驰¹, 顾晓慧¹, 王志妍¹, 尹明达¹, 苏志敏¹, 黄凤兰¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,

¹ 内蒙古民族大学生命科学与食品学院,内蒙古通辽 028000
² 蓖麻育种国家民委重点实验室, 内蒙古通辽 028000
³ 内蒙古自治区蓖麻育种与综合利用重点实验室,内蒙古通辽 028000
⁴ 蓖麻产业技术创新内蒙古自治区工程研究中心,内蒙古通辽 028000
⁵ 内蒙古自治区高校蓖麻产业工程技术研究中心,内蒙古通辽 028000

收稿日期:2024-03-11 出版日期:2025-09-01
通讯作者:
黄凤兰(1973-),女,山东菏泽人,教授,博士,主要从事蓖麻饼粕肥对作物影响方面的研究。
作者简介:
李明静(1998-),女,内蒙古通辽人,在读硕士,主要从事蓖麻饼粕肥对作物影响方面的研究。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31860071); 教育部新农科研究与改革实践项目(2020114); 内蒙古自然科学基金面上项目(2021MS03008); 内蒙古自治区草原英才创新团队--蓖麻分子育种研究创新人才团队滚动支持计划项目(2022); 2021年度国家民委高等教育教学改革研究项目(21082); 内蒙古民族大学2022年度自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(237); 内蒙古民族大学2023年度自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(225); 内蒙古民族大学2023年度自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(244); 内蒙古自治区蓖麻产业协同创新中心开放基金项目(MDK2021011); 内蒙古自治区蓖麻产业协同创新中心开放基金项目(MDK2022014); 2023年内蒙古自治区蓖麻育种与综合利用重点实验室建设项目

Effect of Castor Cake Meal Fertilizer on Soil Fertility and Peanut Yield and Quality

LI Mingjing¹, LUO Rui¹, ZHANG Chi¹, GU Xiaohui¹, WANG Zhiyan¹, YIN Mingda¹, SU Zhimin¹, HUANG Fenglan¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,

¹ College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao 028000,China
² Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission,Tongliao 028000,China
³ Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization,Tongliao 028000,China
⁴ Castor Industry Technology Innovation Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center, Tongliao 028000,China
⁵ Inner Mongolia Industrial Engineering Research Center of Universities for Castor,Tongliao 028000,China

Received:2024-03-11 Published:2025-09-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究蓖麻饼粕肥对土壤肥力及花生产量、品质的影响。以东北地区花生品种四粒红为试验材料,开展2 a田间定位试验(2022,2023年),设置不施肥(CK)、施蓖麻饼粕肥(B1:2 520 kg/hm²、B2:5 040 kg/hm²、B3:10 080 kg/hm²)、施化肥(F1:175 kg/hm²、F2:350 kg/hm²、F3:700 kg/hm²)、施牛粪(N1:3 724 kg/hm²、N2:7 448 kg/hm²、N3:14 896 kg/hm²)10个处理,分析不同处理对土壤肥力及花生产量、品质的影响。结果表明,2022,2023年施用蓖麻饼粕肥均能不同程度地改善土壤养分,B3处理可显著降低土壤pH值,土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、碱性磷、速效钾含量提升效果最佳,分别较CK平均提高67.58%,64.56%,70.55%,11.33%,75.76%,149.97%,116.84%;与CK相比,施化肥和牛粪处理土壤有机碳含量分别平均提高5.94%和11.48%,全磷含量分别平均提高16.67%,16.67%,碱性磷含量分别平均提高33.35%和23.94%。B3处理花生单株饱果质量、百果质量、百粒质量优于施化肥和牛粪处理,分别平均提高105.43%,127.91%,19.54%和22.75%,16.79%,24.17%。B3处理花生产量最高,2023年较2022年提高1 876.22 kg/hm²。B1处理提高了花生脂肪、油酸含量并降低了亚油酸和棕榈酸含量,花生脂肪和油酸含量分别较CK平均提高6.07,4.23百分点,亚油酸和棕榈酸含量分别较CK平均降低1.79,0.89百分点。土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮含量与花生脂肪含量呈显著正相关,土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮含量与花生产量呈极显著正相关。综上所述,蓖麻饼粕肥可改良土壤,并能够提升花生产量、品质。

关键词: 花生, 蓖麻饼粕肥, 土壤肥力, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

The effects of castor cake meal fertilizer on soil fertility and peanut yield and quality were studied.Using the peanut variety Silihong in Northeast China as the experimental material,a two-year field positioning experiment(2022 and 2023)was carried out,with no fertilization(CK),castor cake meal fertilizer(B1:2 520 kg/ha,B2:5 040 kg/ha,B3:10 080 kg/ha),chemical fertilizer(F1:175 kg/ha,F2:350 kg/ha,F3:700 kg/ha),cow manure(N1:3 724 kg/ha,N2:7 448 kg/ha,N3:14 896 kg/ha).A total of 10 treatments were used to analyze the effects on soil fertility and peanut yield and quality.The results showed that the application of castor cake meal fertilizer in 2022 and 2023 could improve soil nutrients to varying degrees.B3 treatment could significantly reduce soil pH value,and the effect of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,basic phosphorus,and available potassium content were the best.Compared with CK,the average increase was 67.58%,64.56%,70.55%,11.33%,75.76%,149.97% and 116.84%,respectively.Compared with CK,chemical fertilizer and cow manure made soil organic carbon,total phosphorus and basic phosphorus content increase by an average of 5.94% and 11.48%,16.67% and 16.67%,33.35% and 23.94%,respectively.The full fruit weight per plant,100 fruit weight,100 grains weight of peanut with B3 treatment were better than that treated with chemical fertilizer and cow manure,which increased by an average of 105.43%,127.91%,19.54% and 22.75%,16.79%,24.17%,respectively.B3 treatment had the highest peanut yield,which was 1 876.22 kg/ha higher in 2023 than 2022.B1 treatment increased the contents of peanut fat and oleic acid and decreased the content of linoleic acid and palmitic acid,compared with CK,the content of peanut fat and oleic acid increased by 6.07 and 4.23 percentage points,and the contents of linoleic acid and palmitic acid decreased by 1.79 and 0.89 percentage points.The contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen were positively correlated with peanut fat content.The contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen were significantly positively correlated with peanut yield.In conclusion,castor cake meal fertilizer could improve soil,increase peanut yield and quality.

Key words: Peanut, Castor cake meal fertilizer, Soil fertility, Yield, Quality

中图分类号:

S565.2

李明静, 罗蕊, 张驰, 顾晓慧, 王志妍, 尹明达, 苏志敏, 黄凤兰. 蓖麻饼粕肥对土壤肥力及花生产量、品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(4): 146-156. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194976.

LI Mingjing, LUO Rui, ZHANG Chi, GU Xiaohui, WANG Zhiyan, YIN Mingda, SU Zhimin, HUANG Fenglan. Effect of Castor Cake Meal Fertilizer on Soil Fertility and Peanut Yield and Quality[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(4): 146-156. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194976.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I4/146

图/表 6

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处理 Treatment	施肥量/ (kg/hm²) Fertilizer application amount	N/ (kg/hm²)	P₂O₅/ (kg/hm²)	K₂O/ (kg/hm²)
CK	不施肥	0.00	0.00	0.00
F1	175	57.06	43.75	47.72
F2	350	114.12	87.50	95.44
F3	700	228.24	175.00	190.88
N1	3 724	57.06	43.75	47.72
N2	7 448	114.12	87.50	95.44
N3	14 896	228.24	175.00	190.88
B1	2 520	57.06	43.75	47.72
B2	5 040	114.12	87.50	95.44
B3	10 080	228.24	175.00	190.88

处理 Treatment	施肥量/ (kg/hm²) Fertilizer application amount	N/ (kg/hm²)	P₂O₅/ (kg/hm²)	K₂O/ (kg/hm²)
CK	不施肥	0.00	0.00	0.00
F1	175	57.06	43.75	47.72
F2	350	114.12	87.50	95.44
F3	700	228.24	175.00	190.88
N1	3 724	57.06	43.75	47.72
N2	7 448	114.12	87.50	95.44
N3	14 896	228.24	175.00	190.88
B1	2 520	57.06	43.75	47.72
B2	5 040	114.12	87.50	95.44
B3	10 080	228.24	175.00	190.88

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	pH值 pH value	有机碳含量/ (g/kg) Organic carbon content	全氮含量/ (g/kg) Total nitrogen content	全磷含量/ (g/kg) Total phosphorus content	全钾含量/ (g/kg) Total potassium content	碱解氮含量/ (mg/kg) Alkali- hydrolyzed nitrogen content	碱性磷含量/ (mg/kg) Basic phosphorus content	速效钾含量/ (mg/kg) Available potassium content
2022年	CK	8.80±0.04a	9.38±0.04f	0.72±0.01e	0.29±0.02e	23.87±0.34e	52.79±0.99e	11.63±0.19f	88.66±1.15f
	B1	8.62±0.07c	12.57±0.03b	0.81±0.01cd	0.48±0.01cd	25.18±0.06cd	61.09±0.91c	21.60±0.20cd	118.26±3.62e
	B2	8.51±0.06d	12.62±0.03b	0.90±0.01b	0.45±0.01cd	25.55±0.05bc	65.64±1.26b	19.32±1.05de	137.92±2.36d
	B3	8.50±0.05d	13.81±0.09a	0.97±0.02a	0.57±0.01a	26.70±0.17a	91.35±0.33a	36.20±1.00a	186.30±1.79a
	N1	8.67±0.05bc	11.88±0.01c	0.83±0.02c	0.46±0.01cd	25.83±0.10b	62.16±0.28bc	20.58±1.34cd	147.81±2.55c
	N2	8.77±0.06ab	10.61±0.03e	0.75±0.01de	0.41±0.01de	24.94±0.07cd	57.19±1.01d	16.95±0.30e	113.30±1.79e
	N3	8.79±0.02ab	9.23±0.03g	0.68±0.01f	0.52±0.01bc	24.60±0.22d	46.47±1.71f	26.08±1.42bc	103.97±1.52e
	F1	8.81±0.02a	9.44±0.02f	0.85±0.02c	0.35±0.13de	23.12±0.12f	64.12±0.91bc	14.31±1.10ef	72.38±2.00g
	F2	8.68±0.02bc	10.63±0.02e	0.78±0.01cd	0.50±0.01bc	23.39±0.10ef	58.42±1.04cd	23.74±1.48c	85.03±3.77f
	F3	8.64±0.01c	10.88±0.01d	0.71±0.01ef	0.54±0.01bc	26.00±0.40b	50.79±1.61e	28.39±0.91b	160.77±6.10b
2023年	CK	8.64±0.05bc	10.14±0.64ef	0.86±0.01ef	0.43±0.01f	24.87±0.05f	61.30±2.19e	23.87±1.18f	112.56±3.65f
	B1	8.49±0.02e	13.63±0.13bc	0.91±0.03cd	0.51±0.01cd	25.87±0.12d	70.53±1.68c	38.40±1.84cd	144.83±3.17e
	B2	8.63±0.02bc	14.25±0.46b	0.99±0.01b	0.47±0.01e	26.96±0.06bc	77.29±1.88b	33.77±1.46de	159.57±3.09d
	B3	7.54±0.02f	18.90±0.10a	1.63±0.01a	0.65±0.01a	27.56±0.09a	109.18±1.21a	52.54±1.59a	250.02±1.00a
	N1	8.50±0.04e	13.39±0.20c	0.94±0.01cd	0.50±0.01d	27.12±0.03b	73.05±2.25bc	37.17±2.11cd	178.80±4.11c
	N2	8.61±0.01bc	11.36±0.39d	0.87±0.01de	0.47±0.01e	25.38±0.20e	67.57±0.58d	29.26±1.20ef	133.37±2.60e
	N3	8.68±0.03ab	9.65±0.20f	0.82±0.01g	0.56±0.01bc	25.07±0.13ef	57.59±1.48e	42.04±1.64bc	123.77±3.03e
	F1	8.71±0.04a	10.69±0.20e	0.96±0.02bc	0.44±0.01ef	24.07±0.19g	75.71±0.79bc	25.31±1.80f	94.99±2.56g
	F2	8.56±0.01cd	11.75±0.61d	0.89±0.01de	0.54±0.01cd	24.67±0.05f	69.30±1.28cd	39.35±1.18c	105.46±2.85f
	F3	8.52±0.04de	12.04±0.41d	0.84±0.01ef	0.59±0.01b	27.26±0.34b	61.04±1.46e	46.39±0.30b	197.54±1.37b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	pH值 pH value	有机碳含量/ (g/kg) Organic carbon content	全氮含量/ (g/kg) Total nitrogen content	全磷含量/ (g/kg) Total phosphorus content	全钾含量/ (g/kg) Total potassium content	碱解氮含量/ (mg/kg) Alkali- hydrolyzed nitrogen content	碱性磷含量/ (mg/kg) Basic phosphorus content	速效钾含量/ (mg/kg) Available potassium content
2022年	CK	8.80±0.04a	9.38±0.04f	0.72±0.01e	0.29±0.02e	23.87±0.34e	52.79±0.99e	11.63±0.19f	88.66±1.15f
	B1	8.62±0.07c	12.57±0.03b	0.81±0.01cd	0.48±0.01cd	25.18±0.06cd	61.09±0.91c	21.60±0.20cd	118.26±3.62e
	B2	8.51±0.06d	12.62±0.03b	0.90±0.01b	0.45±0.01cd	25.55±0.05bc	65.64±1.26b	19.32±1.05de	137.92±2.36d
	B3	8.50±0.05d	13.81±0.09a	0.97±0.02a	0.57±0.01a	26.70±0.17a	91.35±0.33a	36.20±1.00a	186.30±1.79a
	N1	8.67±0.05bc	11.88±0.01c	0.83±0.02c	0.46±0.01cd	25.83±0.10b	62.16±0.28bc	20.58±1.34cd	147.81±2.55c
	N2	8.77±0.06ab	10.61±0.03e	0.75±0.01de	0.41±0.01de	24.94±0.07cd	57.19±1.01d	16.95±0.30e	113.30±1.79e
	N3	8.79±0.02ab	9.23±0.03g	0.68±0.01f	0.52±0.01bc	24.60±0.22d	46.47±1.71f	26.08±1.42bc	103.97±1.52e
	F1	8.81±0.02a	9.44±0.02f	0.85±0.02c	0.35±0.13de	23.12±0.12f	64.12±0.91bc	14.31±1.10ef	72.38±2.00g
	F2	8.68±0.02bc	10.63±0.02e	0.78±0.01cd	0.50±0.01bc	23.39±0.10ef	58.42±1.04cd	23.74±1.48c	85.03±3.77f
	F3	8.64±0.01c	10.88±0.01d	0.71±0.01ef	0.54±0.01bc	26.00±0.40b	50.79±1.61e	28.39±0.91b	160.77±6.10b
2023年	CK	8.64±0.05bc	10.14±0.64ef	0.86±0.01ef	0.43±0.01f	24.87±0.05f	61.30±2.19e	23.87±1.18f	112.56±3.65f
	B1	8.49±0.02e	13.63±0.13bc	0.91±0.03cd	0.51±0.01cd	25.87±0.12d	70.53±1.68c	38.40±1.84cd	144.83±3.17e
	B2	8.63±0.02bc	14.25±0.46b	0.99±0.01b	0.47±0.01e	26.96±0.06bc	77.29±1.88b	33.77±1.46de	159.57±3.09d
	B3	7.54±0.02f	18.90±0.10a	1.63±0.01a	0.65±0.01a	27.56±0.09a	109.18±1.21a	52.54±1.59a	250.02±1.00a
	N1	8.50±0.04e	13.39±0.20c	0.94±0.01cd	0.50±0.01d	27.12±0.03b	73.05±2.25bc	37.17±2.11cd	178.80±4.11c
	N2	8.61±0.01bc	11.36±0.39d	0.87±0.01de	0.47±0.01e	25.38±0.20e	67.57±0.58d	29.26±1.20ef	133.37±2.60e
	N3	8.68±0.03ab	9.65±0.20f	0.82±0.01g	0.56±0.01bc	25.07±0.13ef	57.59±1.48e	42.04±1.64bc	123.77±3.03e
	F1	8.71±0.04a	10.69±0.20e	0.96±0.02bc	0.44±0.01ef	24.07±0.19g	75.71±0.79bc	25.31±1.80f	94.99±2.56g
	F2	8.56±0.01cd	11.75±0.61d	0.89±0.01de	0.54±0.01cd	24.67±0.05f	69.30±1.28cd	39.35±1.18c	105.46±2.85f
	F3	8.52±0.04de	12.04±0.41d	0.84±0.01ef	0.59±0.01b	27.26±0.34b	61.04±1.46e	46.39±0.30b	197.54±1.37b

指标 Index	pH值 pH value	有机碳含量 Organic carbon content	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content	全磷含量 Total phosphorus content	全钾含量 Total potassium content	碱解氮含量 Alkali- hydrolyzed nitrogen content	碱性磷含量 Basic phosphorus content	速效钾含量 Available potassium content
单株饱果质量Full fruit weight per plant	-0.50^*	0.59^*	0.81^**	0.31	0.21	0.88^**	0.51^*	0.41
百果质量100 fruit weight	-0.61^*	0.73^*	0.58^*	0.23	0.27	0.48	0.17	0.30
百粒质量100 grains weight	-0.65^*	0.66^*	0.52^*	0.19	0.24	0.37	0.06	0.24
产量Yield	-0.50^*	0.89^**	0.81^**	0.31	0.21	0.88^**	0.51^*	0.41
脂肪含量Fat content	-0.58^*	0.90^**	0.62^*	0.03	0.25	0.53^*	0.02	0.28
油酸含量Oleic acid content	-0.03	0.17	0.19	-0.23	-0.15	0.07	-0.32	-0.21
亚油酸含量Linoleic acid content	0.24	-0.39	-0.40	0.30	0.09	-0.28	0.34	-0.09
棕榈酸含量Palmitic acid content	0.19	-0.31	-0.36	0.38	0.08	-0.19	0.53^*	-0.05

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