复合肥对不同小麦品种光合特性、干物质积累分配及产量品质的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196446

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究沿淮地区不同类型小麦光合特性、干物质积累分配、产量及品质对不同氮磷钾配比复合肥的响应,选用中科166、烟农999、淮麦43、山农17为试验材料,设置高氮复合肥(N-P₂O₅-K₂O=26-13-7)与等比例复合肥(N-P₂O₅-K₂O=18-18-18)2种复合肥处理,分析了不同复合肥处理对各小麦品种光合特性、干物质积累分配、产量与品质的影响。结果表明:相较于等比例复合肥,高氮复合肥显著提升4个小麦品种的LAI、SPAD值、净光合速率和光化学效率,延缓叶片衰老,延长光合作用时间;同时增加开花和成熟期干物质积累量,优化干物质分配比例,最终使籽粒产量提高4.5%~14.9%,蛋白质和湿面筋含量分别提升了1.36%~8.17%,3.55%~9.36%。不同品种对高氮复合肥的响应程度略有差异,烟农999综合表现最优,其SPAD值和LAI增幅最大,净光合速率和产量均居首位,成熟期籽粒干物质分配比例最高,品质提升显著;中科166产量增幅最大,蛋白含量和湿面筋含量最高;淮麦43籽粒干物质积累量增幅最高;山农17对高氮复合肥响应最弱,但其产量较等比例复合肥仍提升9.3%。综上,高氮复合肥在不同类型小麦光合特性、干物质积累分配、产量及品质上均表现出一定优势,且供试品种烟农999综合表现最优。

关键词: 小麦, 复合肥, 光合特性, 干物质积累, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To investigate the responses of different types of wheat to various nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio compound fertilizers in the Huaihe River region,in terms of photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield and quality,four wheat varieties(Zhongke 166,Yannong 999,Huaimai 43,Shannong 17)were selected as experimental materials.Two types of compound fertilizers were set up:high-nitrogen compound fertilizer(N-P₂O₅-K₂O=26-13-7)and equal-proportion compound fertilizer(N-P₂O₅-K₂O=18-18-18).The effects of different compound fertilizer treatments on the photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield and quality of each wheat variety were analyzed.The results showed that compared with the equal-proportion compound fertilizer,the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer significantly increased the LAI,SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate and photochemical efficiency of the four varieties,delayed leaf senescence,and prolonged photosynthetic time;it also increased the dry matter accumulation at the flowering and maturity stages,optimized the dry matter distribution ratio,and ultimately increased the grain yield by 4.5% to 14.9%,with protein and wet gluten contents increasing by 1.36% to 8.17% and 3.55% to 9.36% respectively.The response of different varieties to the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer varied slightly,with Yannong 999 having the best overall performance,the largest increase in SPAD value and LAI,the highest net photosynthetic rate and yield,the highest dry matter distribution ratio at the maturity stage,and significant quality improvement;Zhongke 166 had the largest yield increase,the highest protein content and wet gluten content;Huaimai 43 had the highest increase in grain dry matter accumulation;Shannong 17 had the weakest response to the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer,but its yield was still 9.3% higher than that of the equal-proportion compound fertilizer.In summary,the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer showed significant advantages in the photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield and quality of different types of wheat.Among them,Yannong 999 had the best overall performance.

Key words: Wheat, Compound fertilizer, Photosynthetic characteristics, Dry matter accumulation, Yield, Quality

中图分类号:

马东旭, 郑甲成, 任兰天, 潘洋, 邵庆勤. 复合肥对不同小麦品种光合特性、干物质积累分配及产量品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(3): 135-147. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196446.

MA Dongxu, ZHENG Jiacheng, REN Lantian, PAN Yang, SHAO Qingqin. The Effects of Compound Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution,and Yield and Quality of Different Wheat Varieties[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(3): 135-147. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196446.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I3/135

图/表 12

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培肥措施 Fertilization measures	品种 Breed	净光合速率/ (μmol/(mL²·s))Pn	蒸腾速率/ (mol/(m²·s))Tr	气孔导度/ (mmol/(m²·s))Gs	胞间CO₂浓度/ (μmol/mol)Ci
F1	C1	8.92±0.82cd	5.18±0.24b	0.029±0.002bc	315.55±11.20b
	C2	13.04±0.65a	6.74±0.51a	0.062±0.006a	244.88±8.55c
	C3	10.75±0.30b	5.73±0.49b	0.059±0.004a	255.28±12.02c
	C4	8.34±0.18d	3.56±0.43d	0.018±0.001e	372.79±8.85a
F2	C1	6.61±0.84e	2.30±0.14e	0.021±0.003de	367.03±19.83a
	C2	10.12±0.52bc	4.24±0.74c	0.037±0.002b	324.33±13.78b
	C3	7.65±0.91de	4.03±0.31cd	0.027±0.004cd	329.25±10.84b
	C4	6.46±0.59e	1.23±0.05f	0.016±0.002e	389.03±12.29a
ANOVA	F	^**	^**	^**	^**
	C	^**	^**	^**	^**
	F×C	^**	^**	^**	^**

培肥措施 Fertilization measures	品种 Breed	净光合速率/ (μmol/(mL²·s))Pn	蒸腾速率/ (mol/(m²·s))Tr	气孔导度/ (mmol/(m²·s))Gs	胞间CO₂浓度/ (μmol/mol)Ci
F1	C1	8.92±0.82cd	5.18±0.24b	0.029±0.002bc	315.55±11.20b
	C2	13.04±0.65a	6.74±0.51a	0.062±0.006a	244.88±8.55c
	C3	10.75±0.30b	5.73±0.49b	0.059±0.004a	255.28±12.02c
	C4	8.34±0.18d	3.56±0.43d	0.018±0.001e	372.79±8.85a
F2	C1	6.61±0.84e	2.30±0.14e	0.021±0.003de	367.03±19.83a
	C2	10.12±0.52bc	4.24±0.74c	0.037±0.002b	324.33±13.78b
	C3	7.65±0.91de	4.03±0.31cd	0.027±0.004cd	329.25±10.84b
	C4	6.46±0.59e	1.23±0.05f	0.016±0.002e	389.03±12.29a
ANOVA	F	^**	^**	^**	^**
	C	^**	^**	^**	^**
	F×C	^**	^**	^**	^**

培肥措施 Fertilization measures	品种 Breed	最大光化学量子产量 Fv/Fm	实际光化学效率 Y(Ⅱ)	光化学猝灭系数 qP	光合电子传递效率/ (μmol/(m²·s)) ETR
F1	C1	0.66±0.01b	0.29±0.02b	0.43±0.04b	42.90±2.88b
	C2	0.78±0.04a	0.38±0.02a	0.64±0.01a	54.40±0.52a
	C3	0.74±0.01a	0.37±0.01a	0.62±0.01a	54.23±0.90a
	C4	0.58±0.01c	0.26±0.05bc	0.37±0.08b	42.07±3.18bc
F2	C1	0.76±0.06a	0.26±0.01bc	0.40±0.04b	38.93±1.72bc
	C2	0.80±0.04a	0.28±0.02bc	0.43±0.03b	39.60±4.59bc
	C3	0.79±0.06a	0.27±0.03bc	0.41±0.04b	39.13±7.25bc
	C4	0.74±0.05a	0.24±0.02c	0.36±0.02b	35.87±2.94c
ANOVA	F	^*	^**	^*	^**
	C	^**	^**	^**	^**
	F×C	^*	^*	^**	^*

培肥措施 Fertilization measures	品种 Breed	最大光化学量子产量 Fv/Fm	实际光化学效率 Y(Ⅱ)	光化学猝灭系数 qP	光合电子传递效率/ (μmol/(m²·s)) ETR
F1	C1	0.66±0.01b	0.29±0.02b	0.43±0.04b	42.90±2.88b
	C2	0.78±0.04a	0.38±0.02a	0.64±0.01a	54.40±0.52a
	C3	0.74±0.01a	0.37±0.01a	0.62±0.01a	54.23±0.90a
	C4	0.58±0.01c	0.26±0.05bc	0.37±0.08b	42.07±3.18bc
F2	C1	0.76±0.06a	0.26±0.01bc	0.40±0.04b	38.93±1.72bc
	C2	0.80±0.04a	0.28±0.02bc	0.43±0.03b	39.60±4.59bc
	C3	0.79±0.06a	0.27±0.03bc	0.41±0.04b	39.13±7.25bc
	C4	0.74±0.05a	0.24±0.02c	0.36±0.02b	35.87±2.94c
ANOVA	F	^*	^**	^*	^**
	C	^**	^**	^**	^**
	F×C	^*	^*	^**	^*

培肥措施 Fertilization measures	品种 Breed	茎鞘Pedicle sheath		叶片Leaf		穗Spike
培肥措施 Fertilization measures	品种 Breed	积累量/(kg/hm²) Amount	比例/% Ratio	积累量/(kg/hm²) Amount	比例/% Ratio	积累量/(kg/hm²) Amount	比例/% Ratio
F1	C1	5 413±100c	58.03	1 625±50bcd	17.41	2 291±32b	24.56
	C2	6 031±162a	59.83	1 732±74b	17.18	2 317±99b	22.99
	C3	5 009±95ef	53.87	2 037±56a	21.90	2 253±82b	24.23
	C4	5 735±88b	57.94	1 562±61cd	15.77	2 603±90a	26.29
F2	C1	5 180±68de	58.07	1 513±61d	16.96	2 228±81b	24.97
	C2	5 229±117d	56.42	1 712±52bc	18.47	2 328±85b	25.12
	C3	4 913±130f	56.03	1 663±66bcd	18.96	2 193±42b	25.01
	C4	5 777±96b	61.82	1 279±57e	13.69	2 288±64b	24.49
ANOVA	F	^**	ns	^**	ns	^**	ns
	C	^**	^**	^**	^**	^*	ns
	F×C	^**	^*	^**	^**	^**	ns

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