摘要：

为明确不同形态氮素与镁肥配施对阴山北麓马铃薯的影响,于内蒙古呼和浩特市开展田间试验,设置2种形态氮素(硝态氮、铵态氮)和2个镁肥用量水平(0,45 kg/hm²),共4个处理,分析不同处理对全生育期马铃薯产量及其构成因素、干物质量、氮含量、镁含量、钾含量、氮积累量、镁积累量、钾积累量、氮素养分效率差异的影响。结果表明,与单施硝态氮相比,硝态氮与镁肥配施显著提高了块茎形成期至收获期马铃薯叶干物质量(21.24%~75.60%)、块茎干物质量(22.04%~62.36%),苗期至收获期全株干物质量(32.54%~70.28%),块茎形成期、淀粉积累期、收获期块茎氮积累量(44.01%~69.84%),全生育期全株镁积累量(37.66%~84.21%),块茎形成期至收获期全株钾积累量(24.30%~54.95%),全生育期氮素吸收效率(30.77%~66.67%),收获期氮肥偏生产力(35.13%)。指标间相关性分析显示,全生育期内,马铃薯干物质量、全株氮积累量、全株镁积累量、全株钾积累量与氮素吸收效率呈显著正相关关系(r均大于0.78);收获期,全株钾含量与产量呈极显著负相关关系(r为-0.78)。主成分分析进一步证实,全生育期不同处理间总变异量高度分散,说明不同形态氮素配施镁肥与不施用镁肥相比具有显著差异。该试验结果能够为阴山北麓马铃薯田间氮肥高效利用与氮镁合理搭配提供新策略。

关键词: 马铃薯, 氮素形态, 养分积累, 产量

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of different nitrogen forms combined with magnesium fertilization on potato in the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains,a field experiment was conducted in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia.The experiment included two nitrogen forms(nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen)and two magnesium application rates(0,45 kg/ha),resulting in four treatments.The impacts of these treatments on potato yield and its components,dry matter,nitrogen,magnesium,and potassium contents,their accumulation,and nitrogen use efficiency throughout the growth period were analyzed.The results showed that,compared with the application of nitrate nitrogen alone,the combined application of nitrate nitrogen and magnesium significantly increased potato leaf dry matter(21.24%—75.60%)and tuber dry matter(22.04%—62.36%)from tuber initiation stage to harvest stage,as well as whole-plant dry matter(32.54%—70.28%)from seedling stage to harvest stage.It also enhanced nitrogen accumulation(44.01%—69.84%)in tuber initiation stage,starch accumulation stage and harvest stage,whole-plant magnesium accumulation(37.66%—84.21%)during the entire growth period,whole-plant potassium accumulation (24.30%—54.95%) from tuber initiation stage to harvest stage, nitrogen uptake efficiency (30.77%—66.67%) during the entire growth period,and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer at harvest stage(35.13%).Correlation analysis indicated that potato dry matter,whole-plant nitrogen,magnesium,and potassium accumulation were significantly positively correlated with nitrogen uptake efficiency during the entire growth period(r was all greater than 0.78).At harvest stage,whole-plant potassium content showed a highly significant negative correlation with yield(r was -0.78).Principal component analysis further demonstrated that the total variation among treatments during the entire growth period was highly dispersed,indicating significant differences between nitrogen form combined with magnesium fertilization treatments and those without magnesium application.These findings provide a new strategy for improving nitrogen use efficiency and optimizing nitrogen-magnesium management in potato production in the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains.

Key words: Potato, Nitrogen form, Nutrient accumulation, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S532马铃薯(土豆)

• S143.1氮肥

• S143.7微量元素肥料