摘要：

为明确强筋小麦产量、品质协同提高的适宜播期和播量,以强筋小麦品种科兴3302为试验材料,分别设置2个播期(10月18日(S1)和10月28日(S2))和5个密度(基本苗分别为180×10⁴株/hm²(D180)、225×10⁴株/hm²(D225)、270×10⁴株/hm²(D270)、315×10⁴ 株/hm²(D315)、375×10⁴株/hm²(D375)),于2021—2023年进行大田试验,研究播期和种植密度对小麦植株生理指标、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,小麦叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)随种植密度增加总体呈降低趋势,且多数生育时期在低密度处理下达最大值,随播期推迟,叶片叶绿素相对含量呈上升趋势,表现为S1播期低于S2播期。随着种植密度的增加,归一化植被指数(NDVI)总体呈上升趋势,相较于 S1 播期,S2 播期的 NDVI 值显著降低。穗数与籽粒产量随播期推迟呈下降趋势,随种植密度增加呈上升趋势,其中以 D375 处理下产量最高。随播期推迟,蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量总体呈略微下降趋势,但所有处理的籽粒蛋白质含量均在13.5%以上。小麦籽粒总淀粉含量在S1播期总体随密度增加而降低,在S2播期随密度增加而升高。此外,峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度和稀懈值在2个播期下总体上均随密度增加而上升。面团稳定时间、吸水率等参数在不同播期和密度处理下没有明显的变化规律,但均达到强筋小麦标准。综上,在播期S1下,科兴3302种植密度在315×10⁴~375×10⁴株/hm²可实现优质高产。

关键词: 小麦, 播期, 种植密度, 生理指标, 产量, 籽粒品质

Abstract:

To identify the suitable sowing date and planting density for the synergistic improvement of yield and quality of strong gluten wheat,the strong gluten wheat variety Kexing 3302 was used as the experimental material.Two sowing dates(October 18(S1)and October 28(S2))and five densities(basic seedlings of 180×10⁴ plants/ha(D180),225×10⁴ plants/ha(D225),270×10⁴ plants/ha(D270),315×10⁴ plants/ha(D315),and 375×10⁴ plants/ha(D375))were set.Field experiments were conducted in 2021—2023 to investigate the effects of sowing date and density on physiological indicators,yield,and quality of wheat plants.The results showed that the relative chlorophyll content(SPAD)of wheat leaves generally decreased with the increase of planting density,and reached its maximum at most growth stages under low-density treatment.With the delay of the sowing date,the relative chlorophyll content of leaves showed an upward trend,with S1 sowing date being lower than S2.As planting density increased,the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)generally showed an upward trend,and the NDVI value at S2 sowing date was significantly lower than that at S1 sowing date.The number of spikes and grain yield decreased with the delay of the planting density,but increased with the increase of planting density,with the highest yield under D375 treatment.With the delay of the sowing date,both protein content and wet gluten content generally showed a slight downward trend,but the grain protein content of all treatments was above 13.5%.The total starch content of wheat grains generally decreased with the increase of density at S1 sowing date,but increased with the increase of density at S2 sowing date.In addition,the peak viscosity,trough viscosity,final viscosity,and breakdown value generally increased with the increase of density under the two sowing dates.Parameters such as dough stability time and water absorption rate did not exhibit obvious regular pattern under different sowing dates and planting density,but all met the standards for strong gluten wheat.In summary,at sowing date S1,the planting density of Kexing 3302 at 315×10⁴—375×10⁴ plants/ha can achieve high quality and high yield.

Key words: Wheat, Sowing date, Planting density, Physiological index, Yield, Grain quality

中图分类号: 

• S512.1小麦

• Q945植物生理学